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Evaluation of the antiwear properties of timely changed engine oils 及时更换机油的抗磨性能评价
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169137
Daria Skonieczna, O. Vrublevskyi, P. Szczyglak
{"title":"Evaluation of the antiwear properties of timely changed engine oils","authors":"Daria Skonieczna, O. Vrublevskyi, P. Szczyglak","doi":"10.19206/ce-169137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169137","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of tests, replaced according to the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations, of engine oils. The sample of engine oils in service came from spark-ignition and compression-ignition vehicles used in urban or mixed mode. During their collection, the type of drive unit, the mileage of the car and the number of kilometres the oil was used for were recorded for each sample (this was the main criterion for differentiating samples). In addition, a control group of samples consisting of fresh oils of the same viscosity grade and distributed by the same producer was set up to observe changes in the parameters of individual lubricants after the operating period. The first part of the empirical study consisted of determining the physico-chemical properties of the lubricants, i.e.: kinematic viscosity, density and water content. The second part involved anti-wear tests using a T-02U tribotester. The use of the tribotester made it possible to record the anti-wear parameter, i.e. moment of friction, and also the load imposed on the friction node, as a result of which it was possible to calculate the friction force and friction coefficient. The research was complemented by an analysis of worn surfaces of the friction node on a microscope. The tests carried out can be used for predictive purposes, in terms of assessing the condition of a lubricant subjected to an operating process in an internal combustion engine.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87741338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling the dynamics of changes in CO2 emissions from Polish road transport in the context of COVID-19 and decarbonization requirements 在2019冠状病毒病和脱碳要求的背景下，对波兰道路运输二氧化碳排放变化的动态建模
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169697
A. Borucka, E. Kozłowski
{"title":"Modeling the dynamics of changes in CO2 emissions from Polish road transport in the context of COVID-19 and decarbonization requirements","authors":"A. Borucka, E. Kozłowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-169697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169697","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions from transport account for 20%–25% of global carbon dioxide emissions, with more than 70% coming from road transport, making it an extremely important topic in the context of decarbonization. The aim of the article is to analyze the trend of CO2 generated from road transport, taking into account the its various sources, and also to examine the manner in which reduced mobility during the pandemic affected the emissions at the time.\u0000For this purpose, a time series containing observations up to the pandemic outbreak and a time series containing additional observations from the pandemic period were analyzed. For each time series, a trend was determined and described by a polynomial and then verified to see if the pandemic phenomenon significantly affects a parameter of the proposed model, using appropriate statistical tests.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91051628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problems related to the operation of autonomous vehicles in adverse weather conditions 自动驾驶汽车在恶劣天气条件下的运行问题
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.19206/ce-168805
M. Brzozowski, K. Parczewski
{"title":"Problems related to the operation of autonomous vehicles in adverse weather conditions","authors":"M. Brzozowski, K. Parczewski","doi":"10.19206/ce-168805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-168805","url":null,"abstract":"Article introduces and discusses the sensors used in autonomous cars. The reliability of these devices is crucial for the proper operation of autonomous driving systems. The research works related to the issue of the performance of autonomous sensors in adverse weather conditions is discussed and critically analysed. The negative effects caused by bad weather conditions are characterised. The paper presents the result of author's own research concern on the effects of rain, snow and fog on lidar measurments. The results obtained are presented, detailing the most important threats from each weather phenomenon. Attempts currently being made to address these issues are presented as well. The paper concludes with a summary of the research results, the current state of knowledge and suggestions for future developments.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83453268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary tests of a Diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen 由柴油和氢气驱动的柴油发动机的初步测试
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169485
R. Longwic, Dawid Tatarynow, Michał Kuszneruk, Gracjana Wozniak-Borawska
{"title":"Preliminary tests of a Diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen","authors":"R. Longwic, Dawid Tatarynow, Michał Kuszneruk, Gracjana Wozniak-Borawska","doi":"10.19206/ce-169485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169485","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the possibilities of powering a commonly used diesel engine with renewable fuels. It analyses scientific studies that clearly indicate that the use of hydrogen is a potentially future-proof option due to its potential to reduce specific fuel consumption and improve performance and increase thermal efficiency. The research was carried out on a laboratory bench designed to test a diesel engine fueled by different fuels. A proprietary hydrogen injection system with dedicated control software was used. Hydrogen injection pressures of 1,5, 1,8, 2,0 MPa and hydrogen injector opening times of 2,5, 3,0, 3,5 ms, respectively, were set as control parameters. The rapidly varying engine operating parameters were recorded and the parameters calculated from them were analysed.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84633374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of pollutant emissions from a railbus in real operating conditions during transport work 铁路客车在实际运行工况下的污染物排放评价
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169138
Łukasz Rymaniak, S. Wisniewski, Krystian Woźniak, Maciej Frankowski
{"title":"Evaluation of pollutant emissions from a railbus in real operating conditions during transport work","authors":"Łukasz Rymaniak, S. Wisniewski, Krystian Woźniak, Maciej Frankowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-169138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169138","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses issues related to the assessment of pollutant emissions from a railbus during transport work. The test object was a rail vehicle equipped with two diesel engines with a total power of 780 kW, Stage IIIB homologated. Measurements were carried out on the route Poznań - Wągrowiec in two directions. During the tests, the vehicle performed a transport service, where the number of passengers was counted. For the completed cycles, the average number of people was 82 and 18. On the basis of the obtained data, the vehicle operating conditions and emission indicators were analyzed, which were related to the number of passengers. A dimensionless toxicity index was also determined.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85993813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Improving the performance of diesel engines fueled with water-fuel emulsion 改善以水-燃料乳化液为燃料的柴油发动机的性能
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169139
D. Samoilenko, A. Savchenko, S. Kravchenko
{"title":"Improving the performance of diesel engines fueled with water-fuel emulsion","authors":"D. Samoilenko, A. Savchenko, S. Kravchenko","doi":"10.19206/ce-169139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169139","url":null,"abstract":"Due to unique properties, production and operation features, water-fuel emulsion (WFE) could be considered as one of the most promising type of alternative fuels for diesel engines. Experimental research showed that comparing to traditional diesel fuel, application of water-fuel emulsion allows to reduce nitrogen oxides and soot emissions, which is due primarily to a decrease in the level of maximum temperatures in the engine cylinder, as well as a more uniform distribution of fuel over the combustion chamber volume thanks to its secondary dispersion (micro-explosion phenomena). To control the stability of water-fuel emulsion properties during engine operation it is recommended to install water content sensor in the fuel supply system.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79823944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the structure of the atomized fuel spray with marine diesel engine injector in the early stage of injection 船用柴油机喷油器喷射初期雾化燃油喷雾结构分析
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.19206/ce-168394
Joanna Grochowalska, P. Jaworski, Ł. Kapusta
{"title":"Analysis of the structure of the atomized fuel spray with marine diesel engine injector in the early stage of injection","authors":"Joanna Grochowalska, P. Jaworski, Ł. Kapusta","doi":"10.19206/ce-168394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-168394","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the experimental research of the atomized fuel spray with the marine diesel engine injector in the constant volume chamber. The specificity of the phenomena occurring in the marine engine cylinder was the reason to use the optical visualisation method in the studies – the Mie scattering technique. This work presents an analysis of the influence of different geometry of outlet orifice and opening pressures of marine diesel injector on the macrostructure of the fuel spray. In the results, it was observed that the increased L/D ratio of the outlet orifice of the injector caused: an increase in the spray cone angle and a decrease in the spray tip penetration in the early stage of injection. Furthermore, it was defined that the characteristic of spray tip penetration over time was power, whereas the spray cone angle over time was a logarithmic function.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84976708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An example of adoption of the model-based design (MBD) methodology in the development process of an LPG fuelling system 在LPG加注系统的开发过程中采用基于模型的设计(MBD)方法的实例
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.19206/ce-168387
M. Sidorowicz
{"title":"An example of adoption of the model-based design (MBD) methodology in the development process of an LPG fuelling system","authors":"M. Sidorowicz","doi":"10.19206/ce-168387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-168387","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to recognize the potential of adopting the model-based design methodology to the development process of an LPG fuelling system. Changing regulations often force the modern development of internal combustion engines (Euro 7, CO2 reduction measures, etc.). With the definitive ban on new registrations of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in Europe (planned for 2035), there is still ongoing development of the adaptation of the fuelling system to LPG. There is still market potential in adapting new internal combustion engines, usually equipped with direct injection systems, to reduce customers’ cost of ownership of a vehicle. As the engineering process should be accelerated in the face of the variety of direct injection systems offered by OEMs, the model-based design methodology is proposed to make the development more effective. The article presents the SWOT analysis of this approach in the engineering process and the potential of the method in an LPG system development is concluded.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78558184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of measurement apparatus of piston assembly friction in a small motorcycle engine 小型摩托车发动机活塞总成摩擦测量装置的研制
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.19206/ce-168330
K. Nakashima, Kota Matsunaga, Yosuke Uchiyama, Masao Yoshida
{"title":"Development of measurement apparatus of piston assembly friction in a small motorcycle engine","authors":"K. Nakashima, Kota Matsunaga, Yosuke Uchiyama, Masao Yoshida","doi":"10.19206/ce-168330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-168330","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a friction measurement apparatus with a floating cylinder liner, in a small motorcycle engine. In this measurement apparatus, joint plates were installed in the grooves on the outer periphery of the floating liner, and then the plates, as well as load washers of piezo type were mounted in the cylinder block, at both the thrust and the anti-thrust sides. A stepped ring, protruding inward, was mounted on the top of the floating liner so that cylinder pressure acting on the stepped portion was balanced in the vertical direction. Thus, it was possible to measure the friction in the sliding directions of the piston. Using this apparatus, the effect of engine operating period on friction was investigated, in a piston micro-dimpled with a fine particle bombarding process. Results indicated that, at low engine speeds, friction decreased with operating period, but at high engine speeds, friction decreased after 10 hours of operation, then increased after 20 hours of operation.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"61-62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82723056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Composition, features, problems, and treatment related to cooling fluid – a review 冷却液的组成、特点、问题及处理综述
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.19206/ce-169185
Lukasz Stajuda, D. Levchenko, P. Kubiak, Kamil Siczek, G. Bogusławski, M. Kuchar, M. Woźniak, Mateusz Szymczyk, G. Ozuna, K. Siczek
{"title":"Composition, features, problems, and treatment related to cooling fluid – a review","authors":"Lukasz Stajuda, D. Levchenko, P. Kubiak, Kamil Siczek, G. Bogusławski, M. Kuchar, M. Woźniak, Mateusz Szymczyk, G. Ozuna, K. Siczek","doi":"10.19206/ce-169185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-169185","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle coolant is one of the most important operating fluids. Along with changes in the design of engines, the composition of the coolant has also changed. The main function of the coolant is heat transfer (HT). It absorbs up to one-third of the heat energy generated by the engine. The coolant is also responsible for protecting the cooling system from damage caused by corrosion, scaling and deposits. The unfavorable working environment of the engine is also affected by smaller capacities of the cooling systems (CSs) of the drive units, extreme temperatures and increased pressure in the CS, enhancing the importance of the fluid composition. The coolant must be replaced every three years or 100,000 kilometers or every five years or 250,000 kilometers with the Organic Acid Technology (OAT). It is worth remembering that coolant of unknown composition or low quality used for a long time can expose the system to engine overheating, corrosion, deposits and restriction of liquid flow. This can lead to engine failure, in extreme cases even engine seizure. Currently, there are many types of fluids, including nanocoolants with different compositions, that are available on the cooling market. The article presents these fluids, describe the most common failures of CSs, present the currently used methods of fluid replacement in the engine and proposes an innovative method based on the pressure method, which allows both replacing the fluid in the entire system and cleaning it.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84820184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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