Problems of Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","authors":"I. Dedov, И. И. Дедов, Y. I. Suntsov, Ю И Сунцов, S. V. Kudryakova, С. В. Кудрякова, S. Ryzhkova, С. Г. Рыжкова","doi":"10.14341/probl199844247-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl199844247-51","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a section of diabetology that includes the study of the basic laws of the formation of the epidemiological situation and the epidemiological conditions in relation to this disease, as well as environmental, social and biological factors that determine the dynamics of its main epidemiological characteristics. \u0000The end points of the epidemic process are the prevalence of cases of the disease, their frequency and mortality of patients with diabetes. Each of these characteristics is determined by many factors that can change their importance, priority and even lose it over time. \u0000The epidemiological approach to solving a number of diabetological problems is based on the same principles as the epidemiology of other noncommunicable diseases: cardiovascular, oncological and some others. The main ones: the object of study is the population (population); the study of the disease is carried out in vivo of its development and course; in the researcher’s field of vision, the whole set of factors that can be associated with the fact of the development of the disease. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130671343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents in Moscow with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","authors":"G. I. Sivous, E. Kasatkina, V. Sokolovskaya, L. Samsonova, N. Gerasimova, E. Voichik, T. Alekseeva, T. V. Gvindzhiliya","doi":"10.14341/probl19984423-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl19984423-6","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 166 patients (72 males and 94 females) with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) aged 5 to 21 years with disease duration of 1 to 18 years were examined in order to assess the clinical picture and epidemiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in children and adolescents in Moscow. Microalbuminuria (MAU)*was the criterion of DN. DN was diagnosed in 75 (45.7%) of patients: in 64 (85.3%) at the MAU stage and in 11 (14.6%)) at the stage of proteinuria. There were no cases with the nephrotic syndrome or chronic renal insufficiency. The minimal duration of IDDM in adolescents with MAU was about 2 years, in those with proteinuria about 5 years. All patients with DN were pubertal or postpubertal. The incidence of DN did not depend on the sex, age, or pubertal status. DN risk factors in these patients were chronic hyperglycemia, total and prepubertal duration of diabetes, hereditary predisposition to arterial hypertension, and lipid disorders. Therefore, prepubertal children with disease duration of 5 years and adolescents with disease duration of 1 year since IDDM manifestation are to be screened for DN.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124292957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid disease and pregnancy","authors":"F. Burumkulova, Ф. Ф. Бурумкулова, G. Gerasimov, Г А Герасимов","doi":"10.14341/probl199844227-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl199844227-32","url":null,"abstract":"In their practice, both endocrinologists and obstetrician-gynecologists often encounter various diseases of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) in pregnant women, which is of significant clinical and scientific interest both to study the pathology of these disorders and to treat them.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131680888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid diseases in the complex treatment of lymphogranulomatosis","authors":"A. T. Balashov, A. Myasnikov","doi":"10.14341/probl199844219-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl199844219-21","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 212 patients with Hodgkin ’s disease were examined in different periods after multiple-modality treatment. Hypothyroid status was established in 19.8%) and thyroid hyperplasia in 5.4%o patients. Polychemotherapy did not affect the incidence of complications. The incidence and severity of hypothyrosis after multiple-modality treatment of Hodgkin ’s disease depend on the patient's age by the moment of radiation exposure, administration of iodine-containing x-ray contrast agents, and dose of the thyroid exposure. Indications for substitution therapy with thyroid hormones are defined.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122857345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological properties of hepoxylines","authors":"V. Fedotov, N. V. Sadovnikova, V. I. Gudoshnikov, Baranova In, L. Vasilyeva, К. K. Pivnitsky","doi":"10.14341/probl10386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10386","url":null,"abstract":"Hepoxylines, arachidonic acid metabolites, are present in many tissues of the body and regulate various cell functions. We investigated the biological effects of hepoxylines B3 (10R and 10S epimers) on the secretory processes using primary cultures of rat pancreatic islet cells, adenohypophyseal ceils, and hepatocytes. Hepoxylines added to culture medium boosted the secretion of insulin and serum albumin and inhibited prolactin secretion. Hepoxyline effect on insulin secretion did not depend on the presence of glucose in the medium. Experiments on a model of type 11 diabetes showed that exogenous hepoxylines partially repair the islet cell sensitivity to glucose. Impaired synthesis of hepoxylines and their metabolism or receptor interactions with pancreatic p-cells may be one pathogenetic factor in the development of non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. In order to verify this hypothesis, methods and agents boosting and inhibiting the production of endogenous hepoxylines are needed and the effects of hepoxylines on tissues resistant to insulin because of type II diabetes are to be studied.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122651619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases by the x-ray fluorescent method","authors":"I. Tomashevsky","doi":"10.14341/probl10394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10394","url":null,"abstract":"Intrathyroid stable iodine (ISI) was measured in 249 women aged 36 to 55 living in Moscow. 179 of these suffered from thyroid tumors and autoimmune thyroiditis and 70 without history of thyroid diseases with normal thyroid status confirmed by clinical laboratory data and ISI values of at least 200 pg/g, considered as the critical, were controls. ISI concentrations were measured using a Russian commercial sample for noninvasive x-ray fluorescent analysis. Using the same device, ISI was measured in thyroid samples with cancer and benign tumors, embedded in paraffin blocks, sent from the USA (n - 47) and Russia (n = 126); in addition, these samples were examined histologically. ISI concentrations were lower in cancer, thyroid adenomas, and autoimmune thyroiditis than in control. An ISI concentration lower than 200 pg/g indicates autoimmune thyroiditis with a probability of 96%. Use of L- thyroxin test increases the probability of the disease recognition to 98%.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133259697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological diagnosis of thyroid disease","authors":"M. Bronstein","doi":"10.14341/probl10393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10393","url":null,"abstract":"Cytological diagnosis of various human diseases is widely used in modern medicine, especially for early preoperative diagnosis of tumors of different organs and tissues. A fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy followed by microscopic examination of its cytogram is one of the integral parts of diagnostic cytology, including the diagnosis of thyroid diseases (thyroid gland). The methods used to verify various thyroid pathology options (palpation, ultrasound - ultrasound, scintigraphy, biochemical and immunological tests, etc.) do not always allow us to clarify the nature of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. For example, cold nodes (according to the scan) only in some cases turn out to be malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland, like the bulk of nodular goiter in patients from regions endemic to goiter; in most cases there is no need for their prompt removal. And only a microscopic examination of thyroid puncture points, especially its nodular formations, allows you to clarify the diagnosis and make an adequate decision on the nature of the treatment measures. Thin-needle aspiration puncture biopsy of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive morphological diagnostic tool that allows you to make a correct diagnosis with almost 100% probability. At the same time, since the thyroid gland is an epithelial organ, in the structures of which the cells are closely “fused” with each other, cellular connections are broken with difficulty, which makes it extremely difficult to obtain informative material for subsequent microscopic examination. To facilitate the process of obtaining material on the needle, which is performed by puncture biopsy, in the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, notches were started at a distance of about 0.5-0.7 cm from the sharp end of the needle (Candidate of Medical Sciences A.V. Antonov), which allows you to take material like a harpoon, without aspiration and receive a plentiful punctate. With ischemia of the punctured area of the gland, it is possible to obtain abundant punctate with virtually no impurity of peripheral blood (Ph.D. I.V. Panteleev). The material thus obtained is applied to a fat-free glass slide and a smear is obtained using a polished glass slide (similar to a blood smear). Air-dried strokes are stained according to May — Grunwald — Giemsa. Every year we examine from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand puncture biopsies from patients with various pathologies. The information content of the obtained material largely depends on the experience and skill of the surgeon. Scanty punctate, as a rule, is uninformative and can only describe the punctate without an opinion on the nature of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. Abundant cellular punctate from different points of the gland, especially if there is a suspicion of diffuse and / or combined pathology, makes it possible to make a final diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132943621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune process markers in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","authors":"F. A. Galenok, Ye. A. Zhuk","doi":"10.14341/probl10387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10387","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative and functional parameters of the monocyte and В-cell immunity were assessed in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes over the course of disease. Studies of the monocyte component in subjects predisposed to disease and of the humoral one in those with clinical manifestations are valuable for predicting the autoimmune process. Signs predicting a poor outcome are increase of the count of Fc-positive cells, decrease of NBT reduction of monocytes in subjects without signs of the disease, high levels of immunoglobulin G in manifest disease, and increase of IgM and B-lymphopcyte count and decrease of IgA over the course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine control of the pituitary gonadotropic function in experimental diabetes","authors":"V. Babichev, E. Adamskaya, T. Kuznetsova, I. Shishkina","doi":"10.14341/probl10395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10395","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system was examined in male and female rats with experimental diabetes in­duced by streptozotocin (STZ). Injection of STZ caused a decrease of testosterone (T) concentration and of T nuclear receptors in the pituitary. The levels of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hor­mones (LH and FSH) in the blood of diabetic rats did not differ from those in intact animals. In vitro experiments showed that the development of diabetes did not change the basal secretion of LH by the pituitary in males. Maximal response to LH-RH was record­ed in control males after 3-hour incubation, whereas the rate of LH secretion in experimental rats did not differ from basal values. In­jection of STZ to cycling females disordered the estrous cycle and involved decreases of the basal and cyclic secretion of LH, FSH, and sex hormones. The concentrations of estradiol nuclear receptors in the preoptic anterohypothalamic region and pituitary decreased, whereas the number of T-binding sites decreased only in the pitui­tary. Sex hormone-stimulated gonadotropin wave in oophorect- omized females was decreased in diabetes, which was due to changed activity of the LH-RH producing system. The authors hy­pothesize that changes in the mechanism of regulation of the hy­pothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system in experimental diabetes are re­lated to pituitary disorders in males, whereas changed basal and cy­clic secretion of LH and FSH in females is caused by disordered activity of the LH-RH production and receptor binding at the level of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121700290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-activin in combined therapy of type I diabetes mellitus","authors":"V. Novikov, V. A. Shostak","doi":"10.14341/probl10390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/probl10390","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of t-activin on the time course of immunohormonal, metabolic, and clinical parameters were studied in patients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes (n = 50, aged 17 to 35, followed up for 2 years; controls: 20 patients with type 1 disease treated traditionally). An appreciable decrease of basal and stimulated levels of C-peptide, shifted T-helper to T-supprcssor ratio caused by a decrease of T-suppressor level, and an increase of the immunoregulatory index were observed at the debut of type 1 diabetes; these shifts gave grounds sufficient to prescribe t-activin. Tactivin therapy for 2 years led to a decrease of the T-helper/T-suppressor imbalance due to an increase of the T-suppressor content, normalization of IRI, increase of the basal and stimulated C-peptidc levels, normalization of HbAlc at a daily insulin dose of 0.4 U/kg, and a stable course of the disease. In the controls the immune parameters and hormones did not normalize, daily insulin dose was 0.6 U/kg, and the disease course unstable. Hence, t-activin not only corrected the immunity, but metabolism as well, which resulted in stimulation of repair regeneration of pancreatic p-cells.","PeriodicalId":342539,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Endocrinology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}