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Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease最新文献

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Vaginitis and cervicitis 阴道炎和宫颈炎
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139855952.069
S. Faro
{"title":"Vaginitis and cervicitis","authors":"S. Faro","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139855952.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139855952.069","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses vaginitis and cervicitis, which are undoubtedly linked in many instances, to some degree. Vaginitis can be divided into two broad categories: infectious and noninfectious, and either can lead to cervicitis. The most common noninfectious cause of vaginitis is bacterial vaginosis (BV), which has been shown not to be simply an alteration in the indigenous vaginal microbiota but perhaps should be considered as a subclinical infection. Many women with vaginitis are asymptomatic and do not seek treatment until they develop symptoms. Patients with vaginitis and cervicitis who undergo pelvic surgery are at risk for post-operative pelvic infection. BV has also been associated with complex pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, a simple evaluation of the vagina and cervicitis can lead to proper management, resolution of vaginitis and cervicitis, and improve the patient's quality of life.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131928042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miscellaneous gram-negative organisms 各种革兰氏阴性菌
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0160
S. Kumar, Kamaljit Singh
{"title":"Miscellaneous gram-negative organisms","authors":"S. Kumar, Kamaljit Singh","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Most gram-negative infections are caused by organisms in the Enterobacteriaceae or the Pseudomonas genus, and a few are caused by a heterogeneous group of miscellaneous gram-negative organisms. Acinetobacter is a member of the family Moraxellaceae, which includes A. calcoaceticus, A. lwoffii, and A. baumannii as the most commonly reported in the clinical literature. Achromobacter spp. are widely distributed in soil and water, and they may be part of the normal flora of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The chapter describes the genus Alcaligenes, which consist of gram-negative rods or cocci that are oxidase positive and obligate aerobes. A. faecalis as the most commonly isolated species in the clinical laboratory.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"404 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Actinomycosis 放射菌病
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0121
T. Russo, Grishma R. Trivedi
{"title":"Actinomycosis","authors":"T. Russo, Grishma R. Trivedi","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0121","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on actinomycosis, an indolent, slowly progressive infectious syndrome caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus, A. viscosus, A. meyeri, and A. gerencseriae are common causes of infection. Infections caused by A. neuii is being increasingly recognized. The chapter looks at advances in microbiologic taxonomy through genotypic methods that led to the identification of many new Actinomyces species from both human and animal specimens. It emphasizes how most actinomycotic infections are polymicrobial in nature, where “companion organisms” are commonly co-isolated with the agents of actinomycosis in various combinations depending on the site of the infection.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132810798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pyogenic liver abscess 化脓性肝脓肿
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0046
Patricia Wong, H. Herlong
{"title":"Pyogenic liver abscess","authors":"Patricia Wong, H. Herlong","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0046","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies pyogenic liver abscess. First described by Hippocrates around 400 BC, pyogenic liver abscess is an uncommon hepatic infection, but is associated with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. With the advent of imaging techniques that allow for prompt diagnosis, potent antibiotics, and effective drainage procedures, the mortality from pyogenic liver abscess has declined dramatically over the past several decades. Pyogenic liver abscesses result from seeding of the liver from biliary tract disorders, portal vein pyemia, direct extension, hematogenous spread, or hepatic trauma. Rarely, abscesses develop after arterial embolization or radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors. Most patients with pyogenic liver abscesses appear acutely ill with fever and right upper quadrant pain. However, in elderly, debilitated patients, clinical signs may be minimal, potentially delaying diagnosis. The diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess is made through radiographic imaging and aspiration and culture of abscess material. Meanwhile, the mainstay of treatment of pyogenic liver abscess is systemic antimicrobial therapy in combination with drainage.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117002735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral exanthems 病毒疹病
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0019
R. Bromberg, Michael Thompson, L. Chirch, J. Grant-Kels
{"title":"Viral exanthems","authors":"R. Bromberg, Michael Thompson, L. Chirch, J. Grant-Kels","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses viral exanthems. During the early 1900s, six common childhood exanthematous infections were identified and defined by the use of numbers 1 through 6. The microbiologic agents of these infections were unknown. Over the next century, the etiologies of these exanthems were defined, and four of the six were demonstrated to be caused by viruses. The first exanthem was caused by the measles virus, the third by the rubella virus, the second and fourth by bacterial toxins, the fifth by parvovirus, and the sixth by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The chapter explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of the classic childhood viral exanthems: measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), and exanthem subitum (roseola), and parvovirus B19. It also considers viral exanthems seen more often in adults, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and HIV, as well as emerging viruses with viral exanthems.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep soft-tissue infections 深部软组织感染
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0022
S. Ash, Louis E. Kennedy
{"title":"Deep soft-tissue infections","authors":"S. Ash, Louis E. Kennedy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies deep soft-tissue infection. Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and gas gangrene (GG) are serious infections of the deep soft tissue. They both carry a high morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is important and is the key to improving outcome. Broadly speaking, NF is an infection primarily of the fascia and deep soft tissue of the skin, whereas GG is usually an infection of the skeletal muscle. Both GG and, particularly, NF are strongly associated with numerous underlying, premorbid risk factors, each of which requires medical management in order to improve the prognosis of an individual patient. Both conditions may be caused by one bacterial organism, or commonly, they may be polymicrobial and require treatment with broad-spectrum or multiple antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129858451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endophthalmitis 眼内炎
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0015
R. Brod, H. Flynn, Lili G. Kaplan
{"title":"Endophthalmitis","authors":"R. Brod, H. Flynn, Lili G. Kaplan","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates endophthalmitis, which is a vision-threatening inflammation of the inner eye fluids and tissues. Infectious endophthalmitis results from either exogenous or endogenous entry of microbes into the eye. In reported clinical series, exogenous endophthalmitis is much more common than endogenous (or metastatic) endophthalmitis. By far the most common cause of exogenous infection is intraocular procedures. Until recently, cataract surgery was the most frequently performed type of intraocular procedure, accounting for the greatest number of exogenous endophthalmitis cases. Intravitreal injection has now surpassed cataract surgery as the most frequently performed intraocular procedure and consequently is a significant contributor to the total number of exogenous endophthalmitis cases reported. Exogenous endophthalmitis can also occur after other types of intraocular surgery, including secondary lens implantation, glaucoma filtering surgery, vitrectomy surgery, and corneal transplantation. Organisms may also enter the eye during penetrating trauma, intraocular injection of medication, and from contiguous spread into the eye from an infected corneal ulcer. Gram-positive bacteria are the most common cause of exogenous endophthalmitis.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128947632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral hemorrhagic fevers 病毒性出血热
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00389-4
D. Bausch
{"title":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers","authors":"D. Bausch","doi":"10.1016/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00389-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00389-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Spinal epidural abscess 脊髓硬膜外脓肿
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_13
M. Dinubile
{"title":"Spinal epidural abscess","authors":"M. Dinubile","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125525524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Coronavirus-19
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0188
S. Gudipati, Gina Maki, M. Zervos, M. Ramesh
{"title":"Coronavirus-19","authors":"S. Gudipati, Gina Maki, M. Zervos, M. Ramesh","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0188","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that can infect humans as well as many animal species and result in a wide range of primarily respiratory illnesses in humans. This chapter focuses on the recent coronavirus that has swept around the globe from 2019 to 2020, now termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The chapter looks at the first cases reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2019, which presented a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology. It reviews original cases of COVID-19 that were traced back to the Huanan seafood market where seafood as well as exotic animals such as snakes, birds, and bats were sold.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128052699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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