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Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease最新文献

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Chlamydia pneumoniae 衣原体肺炎
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511722240.167
M. Hammerschlag
{"title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae","authors":"M. Hammerschlag","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511722240.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511722240.167","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines discusses C. pneumoniae as a common human respiratory pathogen that has an uncertain mode of transmission and involves infected respiratory tract secretions. It also looks at reports on the spread of C. pneumoniae within families and enclosed populations, such as military recruits, prisons, and nursing homes. The chapter analyzes the proportion of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults associated with C. pneumoniae infection, which has ranged from 0% to less than 44%, varying with geographic location, the age group examined, and the diagnostic methods used. It explores recent studies that use culture and/or polymerase chain reaction, which found similarities in the prevalence of C. pneumoniae infection in children beyond early infancy and adults.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124193481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intravascular catheter-related infection 导管相关性感染
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0105
J. Fares, A. Malek, I. Raad
{"title":"Intravascular catheter-related infection","authors":"J. Fares, A. Malek, I. Raad","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0105","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the importance of central venous catheters (CVC) in securing vascular access for fluids, medications, blood products, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and hemodialysis. It covers central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) as major healthcare-associated infections in high-risk patients. It also mentions the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), which emphasized that CLABSI are associated with a high mortality rate of 12% to 25%. The chapter looks at electron microscopy studies of catheter surfaces and shows how adherent microorganisms can be found in either a free-floating form or a sessile form embedded in a biofilm. It examines the process of adherence that results from intrinsic properties of the catheter, host-derived proteins, and microbial factors.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121274184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_14
J. Marie Hardwick, David N. Irani, D. E. Griffin
{"title":"Viral encephalitis","authors":"J. Marie Hardwick, David N. Irani, D. E. Griffin","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"32 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infection of native and prosthetic joints 原生关节和假体关节感染
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0068
S. Hasan, James W. Smith
{"title":"Infection of native and prosthetic joints","authors":"S. Hasan, James W. Smith","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0068","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes infections of native and prosthetic joints. Infections of native joints generally occur in patients with predisposing factors such as trauma, underlying arthritis, immunosuppressive therapy, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, intravenous drug abuse, and other infections. Hematogenous spread of the organism through the highly vascular synovial space leads to an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) into the synovium and then to a release of enzymes that destroy the articular surface. Empiric antimicrobial therapy for suspected bacterial arthritis is started after obtaining appropriate fluid specimens for analysis and culture. The choice of antibiotics depends on the patient's age, risk factors, and results of the synovial fluid Gram stain. The antibiotics are modified after obtaining the culture results. Meanwhile, the object of successful management of prosthetic joint infections is 2-fold: eradication of infection and maintenance of functional integrity of the joint.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124093088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Streptococcus groups A, B, C, D, and G A、B、C、D和G群链球菌
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139855952.171
D. Stevens, J. A. Mebane, K. Madaras-Kelly
{"title":"Streptococcus groups A, B, C, D, and G","authors":"D. Stevens, J. A. Mebane, K. Madaras-Kelly","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139855952.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139855952.171","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how Lancefield divided streptococci into groups based on carbohydrates present in the cell wall and designated the groups A through H and K through T. It discusses the classification of streptococci according to their characteristics on culture on sheep blood agar. It also mentions β‎-Hemolytic streptococci that produce zones of clear hemolysis around each colony and α‎-hemolytic streptococci that produce a green discoloration characteristic of incomplete hemolysis. The chapter includes Streptococcus pyogenes, which is the sole member of Lancefield group A, and Streptococcus agalactiae, which colonizes the vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and occasionally the upper respiratory tract of normal humans. It analyzes Groups C and G streptococci that may be isolated from the throats of both humans and dogs.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rat-bite fevers 通过发烧
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511722240.148
N. Lipman, D. Schlossberg
{"title":"Rat-bite fevers","authors":"N. Lipman, D. Schlossberg","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511722240.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511722240.148","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the illness associated with rat bites that has been recognized in India for 2300 years, which is believed to be the country of origin for the disease. It also describes clinically similar but distinct bacterial diseases that comprises Rat-bite fever, which are caused by unrelated agents called Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus notomytis, and Spirillum minus. The chapter discusses the streptobacillary disease that is reported to be common in the United States and Europe, and spirillary disease that is common in the Far East. It confirms the genetic analysis of several recent disease-associated isolates that has revealed S. notomytis as the cause of rat-bite fever cases when exposed to the black rat, Rattus rattus.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130813941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0180
Rima El-Herte, J. Meier
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus","authors":"Rima El-Herte, J. Meier","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0180","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on human cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family that only replicates in humans. It traces the past and recent CMV infection that is marked by presence in serum of immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) against CMV. It also looks at the proportion of people having CMV IgG that varies according to age, socioeconomic status, sexual activity/practice, and race/ethnicity. The chapter emphasizes on CMV as the leading infectious cause of birth defects and the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. It cites pre-existing immunity to CMV in healthy people that does not fully protect from re-infection with a different CMV strain.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124331303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infection in the elderly 老年人感染
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0092
K. Crossley
{"title":"Infection in the elderly","authors":"K. Crossley","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0092","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter stresses the unique aspects of infection in the elderly, who are defined as those older than 65 years of age, and discusses infections that occur in long-term care institutions. It explains how infections in the aged are an important area of concern for medicine. It also points out that the number of individuals who are older than 65 is increasing dramatically and is disproportionate because of lower birth rates. The chapter emphasizes how age alone is seen as a relatively unimportant risk factor for infection-related death or serious morbidity, although mortality associated with many infections is increased in the elderly. It outlines the variety of comorbid conditions that are increasingly common with advancing age and that appear to be closely associated with greater morbidity and mortality from infection.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123520006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infectious complications in acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎的感染性并发症
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0047
J. Barkin, J. Barkin
{"title":"Infectious complications in acute pancreatitis","authors":"J. Barkin, J. Barkin","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0047","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights infectious complications in acute pancreatitis (AP). Patients with AP have two types of diseases. Type 1 is edematous or mild, non-necrotic pancreatitis, which is usually not associated with persistent or multiorgan system failure (MOSF) that lasts more than 48 hours. Type 2 is necrotizing pancreatitis, which is often associated with persistent organ system failure (more than 48 hours) and is prone to development of pancreatic infection. Infected pancreatic necrosis in AP patients was found to occur by routine use of CT-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) within 14 days of hospital admission. Recognition of infection in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is based primarily on clinical suspicion and imaging. The chapter then considers the role of enteral nutrition to prevent infection.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123575165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urethritis and dysuria 尿道炎和排尿困难
Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0059
G. Pappas, I. Bliziotis, M. Falagas
{"title":"Urethritis and dysuria","authors":"G. Pappas, I. Bliziotis, M. Falagas","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0059","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights urethritis. The term urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, which can be attributed both to infectious and noninfectious processes. The urethral canal essentially represents the first site of the body to be exposed to a variety of sexually transmitted pathogens, and the interaction of these pathogens with the epithelial cells of the urethra gives rise to the syndrome’s symptoms. Dysuria refers to the experience of pain or burning sensation or discomfort in urination, and is a subjective symptom related to varying pathology of the urinary tract. The urethra being the terminal pathway of urine flow, its inflammation most often accounts for experience of dysuria. Antibiotic treatment of urethritis should always follow the diagnosis to prevent complications and further transmission of the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":342218,"journal":{"name":"Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125845844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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