International Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"A Study of Nonverbal Communication by Coaches: Relationships between Communication Ability and Coaching Evaluation*","authors":"T. Shimazaki, Masao Kikkawa","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.201510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.201510","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to construct a nonverbal communication scale for coaches (NCSC) and examine the relationships between nonverbal communication (NVC), communication ability, and coaching evaluation. Study 1 involved the construction of the NCSC. Adolescent athletes (N=166) completed a questionnaire that measured coaches' nonverbal communication (perceived frequency and impression). Eight factors were identiˆed via exploratory factor analysis. These factors were negative NVC (unfavorable impression formation, negative attitude, unacceptable attitude, and exhibition of perplexity) and positive NVC (positive distance, positive gesture, positive touching, and positive expression). In Study 2, the reliability and validity of the NCSC were assessed, and the relationships between NVC, communication ability, and coaching evaluation were examined. Adolescent athletes (N= 276) estimated their coaches' NVC, communication ability, and coaching using the NCSC, Communication Ability Evaluation Scale, and Coaching Evaluation Scale. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated the following: (1) reliability and validity of the NCSC used to measure coaches' NVC; (2) relationships between NVC, communication ability, and coaching evaluation; and (3) mediation of communication ability in these relationships. The ˆndings provide a model for relationships between NVC, communication ability, and coaching evaluation.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation Process of Body Culture as “PE Teacher Identity”: An Introduction to the PE Teacher Body Theory","authors":"T. Sakamoto","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.201421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.201421","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to clarify the formation process of body culture, i.e., gestures and behavior, of physical education teachers in Japan based on phenomenological body theory, and to present a theoretical basis for the most desirable ``PE teacher identity''. It has been pointed out that PE teacher body culture has a variety of in‰uences on students. However, how a teacher acquires body culture has never been su‹ciently considered. Therefore the paper focuses on the phenomenological body theory that suggests the relationship between habits and the perceptual experience of body culture formation. The main points of discussion are as follows: Previous studies have shown that the image of the PE teacher as a coach has been well established, and that clariˆcation of the process of body culture formation is warranted. In previous studies, the body culture of PE teachers has been discussed mainly in terms of `habitus'. However, it has not been clariˆed how individual PE teachers embody such a culture. Phenomenological body theory indicates that acquisition of habit involves reworking and renewal of the body schema through perception in‰uenced by culture. Based on this, analysis of corporal punishment as a typical example of body culture in school athletic clubs can be used to clarify the model formation of PE teacher's body culture. PE teachers' thoughts and behavior are unconsciously formed as a ``body schema'' through experience of school athletic clubs where a coach's one-sided method of instruction is almost unconditionally accepted by students striving to acquire athletic success. In conclusion, ``PE teacher identity'' is formed on the basis of original body culture, and is embodied as a habit through unconscious processes. This is why PE teachers seldom notice their behavior, and thus do not change or improve it. It is only through a ``body schema'' and perceptual experience that a PE teacher's thoughts and behavior, ``PE teacher identity'', can be reconstructed. The possibility of PE teacher body theory can be established on the basis of this viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129927542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationships between Life Skills and Post-graduation Employment for Top College Student Wrestlers in Japan","authors":"S. Shimizu, Kohei Shimamoto, Hironobu Tsuchiya","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.201411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.201411","url":null,"abstract":"1Athlete Pathway Development Project Japan Wrestling Federation 3-15-1 Nishigaoka,Kita-Ku Tokyo,115-0056 seshito@gmail.com 2Graduate School of Education Hyogo University of Teacher Education 942-1 Shimokume Kato Hyogo 673-1494 3Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences 1-1 Asashirodai Kumatori Sennan Osaka 590-0496 [Received July 31, 2014; Accepted February 12, 2015; Published online February 24, 2015]","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124091848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Combined Strength and Endurance Training on Running Performance the Following Day","authors":"K. Doma, G. Deakin","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.201230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.201230","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined running economy (RE) during a two-stage incremental protocol that was combined into an endurance training session 6 hours following a strength training session. In addition, this study investigated running performance which consisted of a two-stage RE protocol and time to exhaustion (TTE) the day after strength and endurance training sessions undertaken on the same day. Twelve trained and moderately trained male runners performed strength and endurance training sessions 6 hours apart with running performance tests conducted the following day. Cost of running (CR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during the endurance training session whereas CR, RPE and TTE were collected during the running performance test. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests were conducted prior to and following the strength and endurance training sessions and the running performance tests. The results showed that CR significantly increased during the second stage of the endurance training session (p<0.05). During the running performance test, significant increases were found for CR during the first and second stages and for RPE during the second and third stages (p<0.05). The MVC was significantly reduced immediately following the strength training sessions, pre-post the endurance training session, and running performance test (p<0.05). The findings in the current study show that RE is impaired 6 hours following a strength training session. Furthermore, combined strength and endurance training on the same day appears to cause an accumulation effect of fatigue which impairs running performance the following day.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122173767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Physiological Characterization between Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 and Level 2 in Japanese College Soccer Players","authors":"Shin-ya Ueda, Akira Yamanaka, T. Yoshikawa, Yoshihiro Katsura, T. Usui, Keisuke Orita, S. Fujimoto","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.20100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.20100032","url":null,"abstract":"We aim to investigate the differences in physiological characterization between Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) and level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) in Japanese college soccer players. Eighty-two Japanese college soccer players (elite, n=40; non-elite, n=42) participated in the study. All subjects took part in three tests Yo-Yo IR1, Yo-Yo IR2, and laboratory treadmill tests. The order of the three tests was randomized across subjects. The Yo-Yo IR1 test was not significantly different between elite (2369.0±319.2 m) and non-elite (2315.2±346.3 m) players. In contrast, the Yo-Yo IR2 test was significantly different between elite (1035.0±147.5 m) and non-elite (919.0±119.3 m) players. Anaerobic threshold (AT) was significantly correlated with both Yo-Yo IR1 and Yo-Yo IR2, although the correlation was stronger for Yo-Yo IR2. Our findings suggest that the Yo-Yo IR2 test will probably be a better tool than Yo-Yo IR1 in measuring endurance capacity in Japanese college soccer players.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130775465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olympic Education at Model Schools for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games","authors":"Yimin Wang, Naofumi Masumoto","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20085001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20085001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is first to determine the conditions of Olympic Education (OE) at model schools in the city of Beijing before the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and second, to identify educational results and problems relating to OE in Beijing during different educational stages. The research methods included literature research, a questionnaire survey of students, and interviews with teachers. The results obtained are as follows: (1) A “reader book” was used as an OE material for physical education and other subjects at model schools; (2) Extracurricular activities at the model schools, such as traditional sports, mini Olympic Games, sporting events with local residents, and the installation of OE exhibits promoted understanding of Olympism; (3) OE at model schools was not conducted uniformly; and (4) OE programs were financially supported by trinity three-part structure system consisting of the government, municipal districts, and the model schools. The problems of the OE are summarized as follows: (1) Comprehension and satisfaction levels of junior and senior high school students were relatively low; (2) There is need for improvement in the methods of teaching about Olympism; (3) There should be more emphasis on Olympic knowledge as an important evaluation item; (4) The training system for teachers of other subjects is inadequate; and (5) The financial budgets of the government and the model schools were not disclosed, and this may make it difficult to develop OE programs at other schools in the future.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification Regarding Secular Trend of Height Growth and The Maximum Peak Velocity during Adolescence","authors":"K. Fujii","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20070289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20070289","url":null,"abstract":"Judging from annual trends in physical growth and development, human physiques are becoming larger and growth is occurring earlier worldwide. However, in conventional analysis methods growth distance curves are analyzed in nearly all cases, and analysis of velocity curves is done by analyzing the difference in the amount of annual growth. This method may show that young people are becoming taller, but there is no guarantee that it objectively demonstrates early maturation. The present study applied the wavelet interpolation method and specified the age of maximum peak velocity (MPV) in growth during puberty from the described physical growth velocity curve. Then, from an investigation of annual changes in age at MPV and the MPV, it was demonstrated that annual trends in physical growth are accompanied by earlier ages at MPV. This study used height growth data for boys and girls from the 2004 School Health Statistical Survey Report. In the analysis of annual trends in particular, there is a need to treat data by the same year of birth. Therefore, height cohort data were established as data sets. The wavelet interpolation method was applied to these height cohort data, and the annual trends in growth in height were obtained. First, a triphasic pattern was taken for MPV age for boys, and quadratic, cubic and cubic least squares approximation polynomials were applied to each phase. quintic least squares approximation polynomials were applied to all years for girls. The tendency was for MPV age among boys to rapidly become earlier from 1925 to 1937, after which the most delayed convex point was seen in 1944. There was then another trend for rapidly earlier MPV age until 1953. Afterward, there was a gradual trend toward earlier MPV age until 1992. Among girls, the most delayed convex point for MPV age was in 1942, after which MPV age became earlier each year until 1971, remained steady until 1977, and then again tended to be earlier until 1992. A triphasic pattern was taken for the annual transition of MPV in both boys and girls, and age at MPV and annual changes in MPV were considered together. Among boys, age at MPV was the latest at the end of World War II (around 1945), whereas MPV was the maximum. MPV in girls reached a maximum earlier than in boys, but the tendency for MPV to reach a maximum in the period when MPV age was most delayed is assumed to have been a growth mechanism that resulted from the increasing MPV during puberty amid the poor living and health conditions during the war, so that people approached the adult height they would naturally reach genetically.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113958017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipatory Judgment of Tennis Serve: A Comparison between Video Images and Computer Graphics Animations","authors":"Kazunobu Fukuhara, H. Ida, Seiji Kusubori, Motonobu Ishii","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20090015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20090015","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using computer graphics (CG) animations to evaluate perceptual skills in tennis. In Experiment 1, we used video images or CG animations to examine the visual search behaviors and the accuracy of anticipating serve direction of 18 skilled tennis players. Participants viewed the racket area for a longer time during the 150 ms period immediately before the moment of racket–ball contact in the video image condition opposed to the CG animation condition. In addition, the participants made more accurate judgments in the video image condition than in the CG animation condition. In Experiment 2, we investigated the information pick-up patterns of 10 skilled players while they viewed either the video images or CG animations using a temporal occlusion. Consistent with the results of Experiment 1, participants made more accurate judgments during the 150 ms period immediately before the contact in the video image condition than in the CG animation condition. The results of both experiments showed that the perceptual information in the 150 ms period differed between the two film types. However, the anticipation accuracy of the CG animation condition in both experiments was over the chance level (50%), suggesting that the participants were able to pick up the anticipatory information of serve direction from the CG animations. This led to the conclusion that CG animations would be a valuable tool to examine perceptual skills in tennis.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of New Gyro-Sensor and Accelerometer Device to Estimate Physical Activity","authors":"Shinji Takahashi, Koya Suzuki, T. Kizuka","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20090002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20090002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a new motion sensor wristband (ViM sports memory: ViM), consisting of an accelerometer and a gyro-sensor, by comparing the accuracy with those of indirect calorimeter (IC) and a commonly used accelerometer (Lifecorder: LC). Twenty-five participants (13 males; 12 females) walked at 3.6, 4.8, and 6.0 km·h−1 and ran at 7.2 and 9.6 km·h−1 on a treadmill for 5 min. Then, another 10 males performed static stretching and hopscotch for 5 min each. Measured energy expenditure (EE) by the IC and estimations of the LC and ViM were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. During walking, differences between the IC and ViM (24 to 74%) were lager than those between the IC and LC (−16 to 0%). During running, differences between the IC and LC (−35 to −21%) were larger than those between the IC and ViM (−17 to 14%). During static stretch and hopscotch, differences between the IC and ViM (stretching, −21%; hopscotch −40%) were smaller than those between the IC and LC (stretching, −40%; hopscotch, −66%). The ViM is more suitable than the LC for the estimation of EE during running or static stretching; however, the accuracy of the ViM was far inferior to that of the LC during walking.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Walking for Health Promotion on Oxygen Consumption in Nonexercising Muscle","authors":"T. Nagasawa, S. Ichimura, Tetsushi Moriguchi","doi":"10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20080358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5432/IJSHS.IJSHS20080358","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of walking on muscle oxygen consumption in nonexercising forearm flexor muscles (nonexV·O 2mus ) during and after exercise were examined. Seven healthy male subjects performed treadmill walking for 30 min at 6 km/h. The nonexV·O 2mus values at rest, during exercise, and during recovery after exercise were measured by near infrared spectroscopy. NonexV·O 2mus was determined using the rate of decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin during arterial occlusion. The nonexV·O 2mus during exercise significantly increased by 1.2( (cid:2) 0.1)-fold and 1.3( (cid:2) 0.1)-fold over the value at rest at 20 and 30 min during exercise, respectively. NonexV·O 2mus returned to the value at rest after 1 min of recovery and then showed no significant change for 20 min after exercise. This study suggested that walking for 30 min induced an increase in nonexV·O 2mus and that the increase of nonexV·O 2mus was somewhat significant. In addition, the results suggested that increase nonexV·O 2mus during walking required a duration of over 20 min.","PeriodicalId":341890,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126265630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}