GIANT最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic chemical recycling and upcycling of polyolefin plastics","authors":"Yingzi Tan ,&nbsp;Yidan Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiaming Xu ,&nbsp;Haobing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyolefins are the most produced and widely used polymeric materials. However, the chemically inert nature of polyolefins has led to severe environmental pollution, posing a threat to human sustenance and development. Managing and recycling polyolefin plastic waste is crucial for the transition from a linear to a sustainable circular economy. Catalytic chemical recycling includes traditional techniques like pyrolysis and photolysis, and innovative methods that introduce chemical cleavable bonds into the polyolefin chain for closed-loop recycling. Catalytic post-functionalization of post-consumer polyolefin materials is another strategy to tackle plastic waste, aiming to upgrade the materials’ utility and contribute to sustainability. Overall, developing catalytic methods for deconstructing and upcycling plastics is essential to encourage better reclamation practices and reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000717/pdfft?md5=52fe287ef78d69bc63a34adc9dcea005&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000717-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141403126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A universal pre-charging method for enhancing transient speed in Organic Electrochemical Transistors","authors":"Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Björn Lüssem ,&nbsp;Sen Zhang ,&nbsp;Shijie Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) have shown great potential in diverse applications; however, in many OECTs, their slow transient response has thus far limited their practical use. One reason for the slow response is the complex interplay between lateral and vertical ion transport that has so far been poorly understood. In this work, we study the impact of lateral ion transport on OECT transient response, introduce a robust pre-charging method to manipulate the slow lateral ion transport. This approach leads to quicker ion redistribution and improved switching speeds. We show the general utility of pre-charging method in enhancing the switching speeds across various material systems, characterized by both low and high ion mobilities, and across different device architectures, achieving nearly symmetric speeds for both on-switching and off-switching. Moreover, we showcase the efficacy of the pre-charging method in enabling slow OECTs to capture rapid signals in real-world applications. Our findings present a groundbreaking strategy for enhancing the response times of OECT devices and deepening our understanding of the transient mechanisms in OECT device.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000705/pdfft?md5=4c8e16e34f7cba490dc02e48aa620879&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000705-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Behavior of Sugar-based Block Co-oligomer Modulated by Molecular Chirality","authors":"Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Chaehun Lee ,&nbsp;Chun-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Toshifumi Satoh ,&nbsp;Takuya Isono ,&nbsp;Hsin-Lung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugar-based block co-oligomer (BCO) consisting of saccharide block exhibits high segregation strength that overcomes the limitation of the traditional block copolymers for accessing the ordered nanostructures with ultrasmall feature size. This study explores the influence of molecular chirality on the self-assembly behavior of glucose-<em>block</em>-tocopherol (Glc-<em>b</em>-Toc) BCOs, wherein the Toc blocks were either pure in chirality or being a mixture of the stereoisomers. Both the chiral and racemic BCOs formed a hexagonal perforated layer (HPL) structure with an unusually small aspect ratio (<em>c/a)</em> of the unit cell, attributable to the propensity of the Glc block to enhance hydrogen bonding formation. As the temperature was increased, the dominance of hydrogen bonding interactions diminished, resulting in a gradual increase in the <em>c/a</em> ratio and eventually a transformation of the HPL structure to a double gyroid (DG) phase. The chirality of the Toc block enhanced the effective segregation strength of the BCO, leading to elevated order-order transition temperatures associated with the HPL-to-DG and DG-to-hexagonally packed cylinder (HEX) transitions. Within the HPL phase window, the chiral BCO exhibited significantly slower kinetics during thermally-induced structural reorganization in adjusting the <em>c/a</em> ratio, especially in the cooling process. Consequently, a pronounced hysteresis in the structural reorganization of the chiral BCO was observed. This phenomenon was ascribed to the chiral interaction between the Toc blocks, which limited the diffusion of the BCO molecules for the structural reorganization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000729/pdfft?md5=57b1910e7d0e584b5ba3d537f557af94&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000729-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Phase Structures and Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymer Containing Unique Biaxial Mesogen with Large Dipole Moment","authors":"Zi-Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Le Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Xia ,&nbsp;Lan-Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Huai Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Shen ,&nbsp;Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Er-Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To achieve all-organic polymer with high dielectric performances, we have designed a novel side-chain liquid crystalline polymer (<strong>P7</strong>) with strong polar mesogen of (<em>Z</em>)-4-(2-cyano-2-phenylvinyl)benzonitrile (CSCN) attached to polycyclooctene backbone. The bis-cyano-substituted CSCN is board-shaped and exhibits a large dipole moment (8.54 D) which tilts ∼34.2° away from its molecular long axis. Consequently, CSCN shows unique dual molecular anisotropy: one from biaxial shape anisotropy and the other from polarization anisotropy. The complex phase behaviors of <strong>P7</strong> were investigated employing mainly the techniques of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Four liquid crystal (LC) phases are identified as K0, K1, K2 and K3, which are SmA, highly-ordered biaxial SmA, B5-like and B7-like, respectively, with the thermal stability increased in sequence. The experimental results indicate that the different LC phases are arisen from the competition and balance between π-π stacking and dipole-dipole interaction. While the face-to-face π-π stacking is dominant in K0 and K1, optimizing the dipole-dipole interaction causes the CSCN mesogens within the smectic layer to tilt and rotate, resulting in K2 and K3. We further investigated the dielectric properties of <strong>P7</strong> films using polarization-electric field loops test. The dielectric constant (<em>ε</em>_r) of <strong>P7</strong> is found to be LC structure dependent, which is increased when the LC phase is varied from K0 to K3. With an average <em>ε</em>_r of 9.7 achieved in K3 and the low dielectric loss (tan <em>δ</em> = 0.001), <strong>P7</strong> film offers a promising material in advanced applications like energy storage and electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000699/pdfft?md5=a7cf83c0b344a6e5b4964f443b04a848&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular packing regulation of dopant-free hole transport polymers for efficient perovskite solar cells","authors":"Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuping Gao ,&nbsp;Yufei Xin ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Zou ,&nbsp;Xiyue Dong ,&nbsp;Yanhong Lu ,&nbsp;Qiang Fu ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spiro-OMeTAD is a primary hole transport material (HTM) employed in most state-of-the-art regular perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The essential reliance on hygroscopic ionic dopants to enhance the conductivity and mobility of Spiro-OMeTAD has dramatically compromised the stability of PSCs. Here, we demonstrated excellent photovoltaic performance of PSCs by developing two dopant-free polymers, namely L1 and L2, using thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as a building block. It is found that the <em>n</em>-hexyl-modified thiophene side chains endow the polymer L2 with favorable crystallinity, unique self-assembly behavior, and a preferable face-on stacking orientation. After the addition of a small amount (10 %) of PM6 to create a polymer alloy named LPA, the above properties were further improved, and the resulting film exhibited a distinct fibrous morphology, resulting in increased hole mobility and effective defect passivation. Consequently, PSCs employing LPA as a dopant-free HTM afforded a high efficiency of 23.81 %. Importantly, LPA-based PSCs exhibit significantly enhanced operational stability with a T80 lifetime of 1572 h at 55 °C. This work provides a crucial guideline for the design of dopant-free polymers, thereby advancing the practical application of PSCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000663/pdfft?md5=505a419556e9814e27652f3b3fa9ca64&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000663-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum-driven orientation of Nanostructured polystyrene-block-Poly(L-lactide) block copolymer thin films for Nanopatterning","authors":"Kang-Ping Liu,&nbsp;Aum Sagar Panda,&nbsp;Wen-Chi Huang,&nbsp;Rong-Ming Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, we demonstrate a simple approach to control the orientation of cylinder-forming nanostructures in polystyrene-<em>block</em>-poly(L-lactide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PLLA) BCP thin films through thermal annealing under a high-vacuum environment. Surface tension discrepancy between the constituent blocks is critical in controlling the aimed orientation of self-assembled nanostructures in block copolymer (BCP) thin films. For BCP self-assembly, temperature has been widely utilized as a thermodynamic state variable under ambient pressure conditions, whereas the use of high vacuum (low pressure) for thermal annealing is limited. It has been observed that temperature can alter the surface tension only marginally with increasing temperature for polymeric materials; as a result, the pressure dependence of surface tension for PS and PLLA was investigated. By increasing the vacuum degree during thermal annealing, the surface tension discrepancy between the PS and PLLA blocks can be reduced significantly. Accordingly, during thermal annealing under high vacuum degree, a neutral air polymer interface can be generated for the BCP thin films, resulting in the formation of perpendicular cylinders from the neutral surface of the thin film through BCP microphase separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000675/pdfft?md5=16466fc27ba783b163fe868230e90d82&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000675-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharide-based materials as an eco-friendly alternative in biomedical, environmental, and food packaging","authors":"Zahra Behrooznia,&nbsp;Jhamak Nourmohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global community has encountered numerous challenges concerning environmental sustainability, encompassing issues like waste generation, depletion of natural resources, air pollution, and other threats to human well-being. Consequently, the pursuit of an eco-friendly environment has emerged as a critical concern in recent years. Polysaccharides, being natural biopolymers, have garnered significant attention owing to their distinctive properties that make them versatile for various applications. Numerous sustainable and environmentally friendly polysaccharides, such as chitosan, cellulose, starch, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and inulin, have been identified. This article highlights the characteristics of renewable polysaccharides, their categorization, and their potential to contribute to environmental sustainability. It introduces environmentally friendly extraction methods aimed at minimizing chemical pollution. Through the careful selection of diverse polysaccharides and the application of functionalization techniques, the article suggests the possibility of obtaining suitable superabsorbent hydrogels, appropriate nanocomposites, and effective scaffolds. The significance of utilizing polysaccharide-based materials is explored in detail, emphasizing their exceptional properties. Additionally, the article discusses the various applications of eco-friendly polysaccharides as sustainable polymers, including in agriculture, biomedicine, and food packaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000651/pdfft?md5=390407726990f339865f62ae63bf666b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000651-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape-memory and self-healing properties of sustainable cellulosic nanofibers-based hybrid materials for novel applications","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Khalid ,&nbsp;Zia Ullah Arif ,&nbsp;Ans Al Rashid ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Zubair Shah Bukhari ,&nbsp;Mokarram Hossain ,&nbsp;Muammer Koç","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the era of smart and sustainable technology driven by naturally occurring materials, various nanocellulose-based materials play a crucial role. Shape memory behaviour and self-healing capabilities of nanocelluloses are emerging as focal points in numerous research domains. Nanocellulose and its derivatives such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF), are currently in the limelight due to their excellent shape-memory and self-healing properties, making them suitable for multifunctional devices. In this regard, CNF, as a cutting-edge material, has spurred researchers to explore its potential in developing contemporary multifunctional and personalized health devices. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review is essential to gain deep insights into the effectiveness of shape-memory and self-healing capabilities of CNF for multifunctional devices. Herein, we first provide a brief introduction to all nanocellulose materials. This review also depicts recent advancements and breakthroughs in the large and effective synthesis of CNF-based hybrid materials. Next, focusing on their self-healing and shape-memory performance, this review sheds new light on the advanced applications of CNF materials. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in this field are summarized for future researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of CNF-based smart and sustainable materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000638/pdfft?md5=698e0a718ccfcff0f5325d34004623f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000638-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymer networks packed with microgels combine strain stiffening and shape programmability","authors":"Vignesh Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Abhishek M. Shetty ,&nbsp;Steven J. Chisolm ,&nbsp;Taylor R. Lansberry ,&nbsp;Anjana Balachandar ,&nbsp;Cameron D. Morley ,&nbsp;Thomas E. Angelini","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomaterials that can be reversibly stiffened and shaped could be useful in broad biomedical applications where form-fitting scaffolds are needed. Here we investigate the combination of strong non-linear elasticity in biopolymer networks with the reconfigurability of packed hydrogel particles within a composite biomaterial. By packing microgels into collagen-1 networks and characterizing their linear and non-linear material properties, we empirically determine a scaling relationship that describes the synergistic dependence of the material's linear elastic shear modulus on the concentration of both components. We perform high-strain rheological tests and find that the materials strain stiffen and also exhibit a form of programmability, where no applied stress is required to maintain stiffened states of deformation after large strains are applied. We demonstrate that this non-linear rheological behavior can be used to shape samples that do not spontaneously relax large-scale bends, holding their deformed shapes for days. Detailed analysis of the frequency-dependent rheology reveals an unexpected connection to the rheology of living cells, where models of soft glasses capture their low-frequency behaviors and polymer elasticity models capture their high-frequency behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000614/pdfft?md5=dbf98b7d3c75238d9d4aea341989ecfa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000614-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine biomaterials for sustainable bone regeneration","authors":"Haowei Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Mingcheng Xuan ,&nbsp;Ren Yang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinke Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of bone regeneration has witnessed significant advancements with the exploration and incorporation of marine biomaterials, offering promising avenues for orthopaedic and dental applications. Marine environments are a rich source of biological materials with unique properties conducive to bone healing and regeneration. Repurposing and reusing some waste by-products of marine products for bone regeneration not only contribute to environmental protection but also drives the development of the marine economy, thereby achieving sustainable development. Moreover, the lower production costs associated with the abundant availability and easy processing of marine biomaterials make bone regeneration therapies more accessible to a broader population, enhancing global health equity. By exploring the current research progressions on marine biomaterials and recounting their sources, properties, mechanisms of action, and applications in bone regeneration research, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges of marine biomaterials for future bone healing and regeneration applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000626/pdfft?md5=a03d96aa25308d97417bfcb70ff6819e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000626-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}