Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences最新文献

Efficacy of Azithromycin and Meropenem in Pediatric XDR Salmonella Typhi: A Retrospective Study from Abbottabad, Pakistan 阿奇霉素和美罗培南对小儿 XDR 伤寒沙门氏菌的疗效：巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德的一项回顾性研究

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2193

Khyal Muhammad, Kalsoom Kalsoom, Amna Khan, Anis Ur Rehman, Khadija Bibi

{"title":"Efficacy of Azithromycin and Meropenem in Pediatric XDR Salmonella Typhi: A Retrospective Study from Abbottabad, Pakistan","authors":"Khyal Muhammad, Kalsoom Kalsoom, Amna Khan, Anis Ur Rehman, Khadija Bibi","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2193","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin as a first-line therapy and the combination of meropenem and azithromycin as the second-line therapy in treating pediatric patients with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Abbottabad International Medical Complex, Pakistan from May 2022 to January 2024. Children aged 1-15 years clinically diagnosed with typhoid fever were enrolled if subsequent blood cultures confirmed XDR Salmonella Typhi infection. Initial treatment comprised azithromycin. If there was no response to azithromycin, patients received a combination therapy of meropenem alongside continued azithromycin. Primary outcomes were clinical recovery, recurrence within 30 days post-treatment, and treatment-related adverse effects. Results: Of total 67 pediatric patients, the mean age of the patients was 10.02 ±2.76 years. The overall mean duration of defervescence was 6.01 ±2.98 days. Initially, all patients were treated with azithromycin alone. Most patients recovered clinically 57 (85.1%). For the 10 (14.9%) who did not respond, meropenem was added to azithromycin, resulting in recovery for all. The mean duration of defervescence found significantly low in patients who received azithromycin monotherapy as compared to patients who received combination therapy i.e., 4.80 ±0.58 days vs. 12.90 ±1.10 days (p-value <0.001). Mild nausea was the only adverse event observed in 29 patients (43.3%) during treatment. Conclusion: Azithromycin monotherapy demonstrated a high clinical recovery rate, with a significant reduction in fever duration compared to combination therapy with meropenem. Mild nausea was the only treatment-related adverse effect observed.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting the Quality of Life among the Aging Population during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Thailand 泰国 19 型冠状病毒大流行期间影响老龄人口生活质量的因素

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2158

Plernta Ethisan, Nawal Naeem, Abdul Jabbar Bhutto, Ayesha Khan, David Chinaecherem Innocent, Ramesh Kumar

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Quality of Life among the Aging Population during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Thailand","authors":"Plernta Ethisan, Nawal Naeem, Abdul Jabbar Bhutto, Ayesha Khan, David Chinaecherem Innocent, Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2158","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) among aging population during the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Central, Northern, Northeastern, and Southern regions of Thailand from June to November 2021. Elderly persons aged 60 and above with Thai nationality included in the study. The QoL was measured with the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF-THAI) instrument which consisted of 26 items. QoL scores ranged from 26 to 130 points, classified as poor (26-60), moderate (61-95), and good (96-130). Results: Of total 400 participants, the mean age was 68.32 ±6.93 years. Not good QoL was observed in 3 (0.8%) participants, moderate QoL was observed in 213 (53.2%) participants, and good QoL was observed in 184 (46.0%) participants. A significant association of QoL found with education level (p-value 0.002), alcohol drinking (p-value 0.003), exercise (p-value <0.001), comorbidities (p-value <0.001), and hearing/knowing about COVID-19 (p-value 0.015). The chances of good QoL was 2 times significantly higher in participants who did exercise as compared to participants who did not perform exercise (cOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.07, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that exercise, higher education, avoiding alcohol, and good health significantly improve the QoL among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, regular exercise notably doubles the likelihood of better QoL.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Needle Threat and Acquired Dental Phobia in Pediatric Dental Patients 儿童牙病患者的针刺威胁和获得性牙科恐惧症

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.1987

Hammad Hassan

{"title":"Needle Threat and Acquired Dental Phobia in Pediatric Dental Patients","authors":"Hammad Hassan","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.1987","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the relationship between injection needle threat as a mode of disciplining children and acquired dental phobia in pediatric patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at University College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan between December 2021 and November 2022. The study included individuals under the age of 18 years who were presented during the survey and scheduled for pulpotomy or pulpectomy treatment. The study assessed two primary outcomes: dental anxiety and childhood needle threat. Dental anxiety was evaluated using the Modified Children's Dental Anxiety Scale, while childhood needle threat was measured by observing the child's responses to scenarios involving needles. Results: Of total 200 pediatric patients, the mean age was 12.04 ±2.34 years. Mild dental anxiety level was observed in 56 (28.0%) patients, moderate in 122 (61.0%) patients and severe in 22 (11.0%) patients. Childhood needle threat was observed in 94 (47.0%) patients. Patients with mild dental anxiety were 0.86 times significantly less likely to have needle threat as compared to patients with severe dental anxiety (cOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.48, p-value 0.002). Similarly, patients with moderate dental anxiety were 0.83 times significantly less likely to have needle threat as compared to patients with severe dental anxiety (cOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.55, p-value 0.003). Conclusion: The study revealed that most children exhibited moderate dental anxiety, with a notable incidence of dental phobia. Those with higher anxiety levels felt more threatened by needles, underscoring the need to avoid using needles as a mode of discipline.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Objectivity in a Subjective Field: The Current State and Future Directions of “Objective” Diagnostics in Psychiatry 主观领域的客观性：精神病学 "客观 "诊断的现状和未来方向

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2242

Adith V Ram, Eric A. Storch

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Fibrosis-4 with FibroScan for Liver Fibrosis Assessment in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Study 比较 Fibrosis-4 和 FibroScan 对非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝纤维化的评估：横断面研究

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2167

Fahad Kakar, A. Siddiqui, S. Niaz, Syed Afzal ul Haq Haqqi, Zea ul Islam Farrukh, Muhammad Danish Ashraf Wallam, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Sayed Rohail Ahmed Rizvi

{"title":"Comparison of Fibrosis-4 with FibroScan for Liver Fibrosis Assessment in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Fahad Kakar, A. Siddiqui, S. Niaz, Syed Afzal ul Haq Haqqi, Zea ul Islam Farrukh, Muhammad Danish Ashraf Wallam, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Sayed Rohail Ahmed Rizvi","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2167","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy and accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index with FibroScan in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from October 2023 to April 2024. All known cases of NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) aged ≥18 years, regardless of gender, were included. FIB-4 scores were measured using age, platelet level, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). FibroScan categorized liver fibrosis into stages F0 to F4 with specific stiffness ranges: F0 (1–6 kPa), F1 (6.1–7 kPa), F2 (7.1–9 kPa), F3 (9.1–10.3 kPa), and F4 (≥10.4 kPa). Results: Of the 146 patients, the median age was 52.00 (IQR: 47.00–54.00) years. Based on FibroScan results, 61 (41.8%) patients were classified as F1, 35 (24.0%) as F2, 30 (20.5%) as F3, and 20 (13.7%) as F4. The diagnostic performance of FIB-4 showed an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90). The optimal cut-off for FIB-4 was 1.28 with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.0%, 65.6%, 59.7%, 98.4%, and 76.7%, respectively. Spearman's correlation test (ρ) was applied and a significantly moderate correlation was found between FibroScan and FIB-4 (ρ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusion: FIB-4 demonstrated higher accuracy and diagnostic performance in determining liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients compared to FibroScan.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting among Female Adolescents in Priority Areas of Bali: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Year 2022 巴厘岛重点地区女性青少年发育迟缓的发生率和决定因素：2022 年横断面研究

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2055

K. T. Adhi, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, Ni Putu Widarini, David Hizkia Tobing, Ni Made Elina Sukma Astuti

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting among Female Adolescents in Priority Areas of Bali: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Year 2022","authors":"K. T. Adhi, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, Ni Putu Widarini, David Hizkia Tobing, Ni Made Elina Sukma Astuti","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2055","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in female adolescents in the Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 in senior and vocational high schools in Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Adolescent girls aged 15-18 years not experiencing any illness at the time of enrolment were included. Stunting was defined using the WHO's 2007 standards (Height-for-Age z-score <-2SD). Dietary habits were evaluated using the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), with a score of less than 5 indicating low dietary diversity. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) was determined by mid upper arm circumference, with a threshold of <23 cm indicating CED. Sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, and knowledge and attitudes regarding stunting were also assessed. Results: Of total 560 females, the mean age was 16.32 ±0.854 years. Stunting was observed in 66 (11.8%) adolescents. The risk of stunting was approximately 2.55 times significantly higher among adolescents with negative attitude towards stunting prevention (cOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.38, p-value <0.001), 2 times significantly higher among adolescents with low DDS (cOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.22, p-value 0.021) and experienced CED (cOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.04, p-value 0.042). Conclusion: This study identified a stunting prevalence of 11.8% among female adolescents in the Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The findings indicate that a negative attitude towards stunting prevention, poor diet, and continuous energy imbalance are significant risk factors associated with stunting.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Intervention Approaches Related to Adolescent Smoking in Pakistan: A Scoping Review 巴基斯坦青少年吸烟的流行率、风险因素和干预方法：范围审查

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2027

Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews

{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Intervention Approaches Related to Adolescent Smoking in Pakistan: A Scoping Review","authors":"Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2027","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to explore prevalence, risk factors, and intervention approaches related to adolescent smoking in Pakistan. Databases included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Studies were selected on Pakistani adolescents aged 10-21 years, original or secondary articles published in English, and the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Out of 1300 articles, 300 duplicates were removed. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 980 records were excluded. The full text of the 18 remaining studies was reviewed based on inclusion criteria, with 13 eligible studies included. Data extraction included author, age, setting, design, sample, theory, prevalence, risk factors, findings, and appraisal. Ten eligible studies reported varying prevalence rates of adolescent smoking in Pakistan, ranging from 09% to 61.14%. Individual risk factors associated with smoking included disposition, mood, and substance abuse. Social risk factors included family and peer influences, including father's smoking status, family members' tobacco use, and peer pressure. Environmental risk factors, including attendance at a public school, school-related pressure, exposure to tobacco use on social media, and lower socioeconomic status, significantly increased the likelihood of smoking among adolescents. Three studies evaluating prevention and intervention approaches demonstrated positive outcomes, including increased awareness of smoking harms, attitude shifts, and increased intention to quit smoking. This scoping review identified the influence of individual, social, and environmental risk factors on adolescent smoking. Educational interventions showed positive results on knowledge and attitude; however, none specifically focused on smoking cessation. Future research should focus on addressing these risk factors and implementing theory-guided interventions.","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delayed Recurrence of Mandibular Ameloblastoma in Soft Tissues of Neck: A Case Report of a Rare Entity 下颌骨釉母细胞瘤在颈部软组织延迟复发：罕见病例报告

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.1981

Nabeela Riaz, Samreen Younas

引用次数: 0

Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Local Wound Infiltration for Postoperative Pain Management in Patient Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy 腹横肌平面阻滞与局部伤口浸润治疗全腹子宫切除术患者术后疼痛

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2222

Muhammad Arif, Haider Abbas Mandviwala, Syed Wahaj Uddin, Kashif Naeem, Zeeshan Mirza, Aniqa Rehman

{"title":"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Local Wound Infiltration for Postoperative Pain Management in Patient Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy","authors":"Muhammad Arif, Haider Abbas Mandviwala, Syed Wahaj Uddin, Kashif Naeem, Zeeshan Mirza, Aniqa Rehman","doi":"10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2024.2.2222","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the outcomes of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local wound infiltration (LAI) for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan from December 2023 to May 2024. Female patients aged 18 to 50 years, and scheduled for TAH under general anesthesia were included. Patients were randomly allocated to the TAP group or the LAI group using sealed opaque envelopes. The primary outcome was pain score at different time intervals postoperatively. Pain score measured using the Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes included total analgesia consumption within 24 hours. Results: Of total 100 patients, the median (IQR) age was 50.0 (47.2-55.0) years. At 8 hours postoperatively, the median pain score was significantly lower in the TAP group 0.0 (0.0-1.0) compared to the LAI group 1.0 (0.0-2.0) (p-value <0.001). Similarly, at 12 hours, the TAP group reported a median pain score of 2.0 (1.0-2.0), significantly lower than the LAI group 3.0 (2.0-4.0) (p-value <0.001). At 24 hours, the median pain score remained significantly lower in the TAP group 50.0 (50.0-70.0) compared to the LAI group 130.0 (120.0-140.0) (p-value <0.001). Total analgesia consumption was also significantly lower in TAP group as compared to LAI group i.e., 50.0 (50.0-70.0) vs. 130.0 (120.0-140.0) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The TAP block provided superior postoperative pain control compared to LAI in patients undergoing TAH, evidenced by lower pain scores and reduced analgesia consumption. Keywords: Analgesia, Hysterectomy, Postoperative Pain, Visual Analogue Scale","PeriodicalId":34119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Randomized Double Blind Comparison of Prophylactic Tramadol and Tramadol Plus Ketamine for Prevention of Shivering after Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Segment Caesarian Section 预防性曲马多与曲马多加氯胺酮预防下段剖腹产脊髓麻醉后颤抖的随机双盲比较

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2024.1.2007

Muhammad Arif

引用次数: 0