International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases among Adults Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Akindele Emmanuel Oni, Emwinloghosa Kenneth Guobadia, E. Ezunu, Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu Ugoh","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-ttascpsx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-ttascpsx","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major cause of death in Anambra state. This study aims to examine the association between risk factors and CVD among adult patients in Anambra state between years 2015 and 2022. This is a cross-sectional study that utilizes the 2015 and 2022 data on patients admitted and examined at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital. A total of 5267 and 4371 patients’ records in 2015 and 2022 respectively were included. Over weight and obesity (BMI) were considered the most prevalent CVD risk factor, followed by hypertension. Compared to females, males were 1.48 times more likely to have CVD in 2015 which increased in 2022. Compared to non-alcohol consumers, those that take alcohol every day were 0.74 times more likely in 2015 and 0.35 times more likely in 2017 to have CVD. Compared to non-smokers, every day smokers were 1.87 times more likely in 2015 and 3.08 times more likely in 2022 to have CVD. Persons with high cholesterol compared to low cholesterol were 2.45 times more likely in 2015 and 1.54 times more likely in 2022 to have CVD. Furthermore, persons with hypertension compared to non-hypertensive persons were 3.61 times more likely in 2015 and 5.17 times more likely in 2022 to have CVD, and those with diabetes status compared with non-diabetic persons were 2.95 times more likely in 2015 and 2.01 times more likely in 2022 to have CVD. Preventable cardiovascular risk factor should be prime target of both public health and healthcare providers across the state and the entire nation.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128886911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of National Health Insurance Scheme Among Healthcare Professionals in Federal Medical Centre Asaba Delta State","authors":"Egonu J.I., Ilo I.C.","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-me1ytrtc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-me1ytrtc","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulties encountered in out of pocket financing of healthcare have compelled the introduction of prepaid health insurance in many countries, including Nigeria. This is borne out of a universal and equitable healthcare cover as a fundamental human right. This study assessed the utilization of the National Health Insurance Scheme among healthcare professionals in Federal Medical Centre Asaba. Descriptive cross sectional survey design was used. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A sample size of 271 respondents who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A pilot study was carried out with a reliability index of 0.86 after face and content validation. Frequencies, percentages and chi-square were used for descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents (92.3%) registered with NHIS. A greater proportion of the healthcare professionals have utilized the scheme. Higher level of education was found to be significantly associated with utilization of NHIS. Conversely, no association was found between healthcare professionals’ gender and their utilization of NHIS. Findings revealed a high rate of utilization of the NHIS among respondents that were enrolled and a reduction in out of pocket payment for healthcare under the NHIS. Based on the above, healthcare providers should be subjected to seminars and workshops to enlighten them on the importance of enrolling with the scheme. Intensified campaigns should emphasize on the objective, and benefits of the scheme, using the mass media as a way of reaching a vast majority of the workforce.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131868715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Access to Healthcare Systems for Children under Five Years with Disability in Low Resource Setting: A Case Study of Wajir County Referral Hospital, Kenya","authors":"Kivuti-Bitok L.W., Kiprop N.C.","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-1fmbejr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-1fmbejr1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with disabilities face inequalities in accessing healthcare systems, particularly in low-resource settings. The situation is particularly dire in Kenya, where disability is still widely viewed as a curse or a punishment, and where many traditional healers claim to have the ability to cure disabilities. As a result, many children with disabilities in Kenya frequently have unmet special healthcare needs. Understanding the challenges faced by differently-abled children under five years old in accessing healthcare in low-resource settings is crucial to developing more responsive and effective healthcare systems for this population. Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting access to healthcare for disabled children under five years old in Wajir County, Kenya. We used a simple random sampling technique to recruit 69 caregivers of disabled children, who were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ethical approval was granted by the KNH/UON Ethical Committee. We used descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, to analyze the data using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The majority of the caregivers were women (75.4%). We found that several factors were significantly associated with healthcare accessibility, including the belief that disability was caused by demon possession (p=0.019), reliance on traditional healers for the treatment of disabilities (p=0.034), accessibility of healthcare facilities (p=0.034), distance to the health facility (p=0.042), perceived differential treatment of disabled children (p=0.047), medical costs (p=0.028), lack of access to physiotherapist services (p=0.008), and difficulty in getting appointments suitable for the child (p=0.015). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that children with disabilities in Wajir County face significant barriers in accessing healthcare services, which are compounded by socio-cultural beliefs and economic challenges. A more coordinated, collaborative, and multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve healthcare access for this vulnerable population. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and caregivers should work together to address the identified barriers and ensure that disabled children under five years old have access to the healthcare services they need to thrive.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134510533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Level of Health Management Information System Data Use in Southern Region of Lesotho","authors":"Taunyane E.M., M. E.F.","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-rvh2fvep","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-rvh2fvep","url":null,"abstract":"Health management information system (HMIS) has been implemented in many countries to promote evidence-based decision making. The aim of this study was to generate information that will help the Ministry of Health (MOH) to improve the use of HMIS data at district level in southern region, Lesotho. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which employed explanatory mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through records reviews while qualitative data were collected through interviews and records reviews. The findings have shown that DHMTs and district hospitals are using HMIS data quite satisfactorily. Also, data demand by managers and possession of HMIS skills influences the use of data. In conclusion, the main enablers to a satisfactory level of HMIS data use in the southern region were ability of managers to demand data from their subordinates and improved data quality because of intensive interventions aimed at strengthening Lesotho’s HMIS by external donors.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116948001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria","authors":"Christogonus I.U., Emwinloghosa K.G., Chukwuemeka T.O., Akindele E.O., Momoh B.","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-nfxgbmxk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-nfxgbmxk","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adults from 30 years of age and above and to assess the association between the risk factors and type 2 diabetes. A total of 522 patients diagnosed with diabetes at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Asaba from August 2022 to February 2023 were collected for the study. We employed the method of logistic multinomial regression to assess the association between the risk factors and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, descriptive statistics to ascertain the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the likelihood ratio test to check which of the risk factors is significant. The female was taken as a reference category. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in females (284, 54.4%) and also in the age group 45-64 years of age. Risk factors that had a significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus are age (Chi-square = 10.589, p = 0.005), BMI (chi-square = 1.038, p = 0.092), hypertension (chi-square = 1.370, p = 0.042), alcohol consumption (chi-square = 73.319, p = 0.000), and smoking (chi-square = 142.096, p = 0.000). The results further revealed that with female patients as the reference category, a male patient in the age bracket 45-64 years (p = 0.028, AOR = 0.538, 95% C.I: 0.310 – 0.935), a male that is obese (p = 0.090, AOR = 0.962, 95% C.I: 0.524 – 1.765), male with hypertension (p = 0.044, AOR = 1.362, 95% C.I: 0.810 – 2.292), male that consumes alcohol (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.129, 95% C.I: 0.077 – 0.214), and male that smokes (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.014, 95% C.I: 0.005 – 0.042) had 72.3% fewer odds, 3.8% fewer odds, 36.2 higher odds, 87.1 fewer odds, and 98.6% fewer odds of having type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to a female patient. This study suggests appropriate actions for community awareness of regular blood sugar testing and preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114728954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Programme Strategies in Managing Child Stunting at the Health Facility Level in Matelile Community Council","authors":"Mpati Evelyn Fosa","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-kgreszra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-kgreszra","url":null,"abstract":"Stunting is an important indicator for child growth and health facilities have played a pivotal role in contributing to the overall reduction in stunting rates. This qualitative study aimed at understanding interventions employed by health facilities to reduce under 5s stunting. Health facilities have reported an increase in stunting in Matelile Community Council. Although the study revealed available health strategies including nutrition education, health promotion and breastfeeding programs to curb the disproportionate rates of stunting, the challenges facing the implementation of such programmes included lack of funding and failure for caretakers to cooperate. The study recommended therefore that, increasing funding into nutrition related programs and training appropriate health personnel on stuntedness could go a long way to reduce stunting in under 5s.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127415438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Occupational Health and Safety Practices Implemented in Filling Stations, Maseru, Lesotho","authors":"Mpati Evelyn Fosa","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-dw75jeuj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-dw75jeuj","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with occupational health and safety is essential to ensure the protection of workers, their families, and the customers' well-being. Moreover, it improves the business image, its productivity and avoids incurring unnecessary costs related to compensating for occupational diseases and hazards occurring in the filling stations premises. The study employed the quantitative approach and a cross-sectional study design was used. All-inclusive sampling was used on 50 participants. The findings of the study indicated that 88.9% of employees can use fire extinguishers and 72.2% can use the spill kit. Most filling stations provided employees with proper Personal Protective Equipment. Research in this field has not been conducted to much of a degree in Lesotho, which made this study priority and a need for the field of occupational health and safety in the country.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Community-Based- Directly Observed Therapy on the Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients in Mitooma District, Western-Uganda","authors":"Tananzio N., Novatus N., F. K","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-ljaocehm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-ljaocehm","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) remains the ninth leading cause of death in the world and a leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa has nearly all high TB burden countries including Uganda which contributes to the highest Tuberculosis related mortality globally. Poor adherence to Tuberculosis treatment can lead to prolonged infection and poor treatment outcomes. Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) seeks to improve adherence to TB treatment by observing patients while they take their anti-TB medications. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the Community Based- DOT on the Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients in Mitooma District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and data were collected from the TB patients. Results revealed that TB patients who were not educated were 9.01 times more likely to get cured compared to the educated patients (AOR=9.01; 95% CI (1.6-5.9); p=0.013). Duration or time spent on TB medication was associated with TB treatment outcome because the patients who had spent 6 months on TB medication (AOR=2.9; 95% CI (1.14 – 7.9); p=0.004) were threefold more likely to get cured compared to those who had spent less than one month. Similarly, patients who had spent six months and above (AOR=4.1; 95%CI (0.07 – 0.87); p=0.026) were more than four times more likely to get cured compared to those who had spent less than one month. Results further showed that patients who were neutral in attributing their health state to the way they swallowed the TB medication (AOR = 0.33; 95%CI (0.12 – 0.9); p=0.001) were 67% less likely to get cured compared to patients who strongly agreed that their health status were attributed to the way they swallowed TB medication. Majority of the TB patients described the program as vital in treatment of TB disease as health caregivers would work closely with TB patients to adhere to treatment. Further, the study revealed that CB-DOT improved TB treatment outcomes. Monitoring the swallowing of TB drugs by health workers, health education and regular visits were highly recommended. Therefore, studies on policies for implementation of patient-centered and community-centered CB-DOT deserve further attention.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"5 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Outcome of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis Patients in Oyo State","authors":"O. O, Olanrewaju .s.o., Oluwasegun Agbailu ADEJUMO","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-tq4uwzua","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-tq4uwzua","url":null,"abstract":"TB is perhaps the most important contagious disease in the world and the leading cause of mortality by an infectious disease. As a result, WHO declared that achieving the reduction in TB incidence rate for achievement of the 90-90-90 target of the END-TB strategy will be an illusion, if something severe is not done. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the visibility of achieving the END-TB goal in the country (Nigeria) by assessing the success of TB treatments so far in the country. Hence, this paper aims to model the outcome of drug-resistant-tuberculosis and drug-susceptible-tuberculosis patients in Oyo state of Nigeria using the logit function of estimating binary logistic regression model vis-à-vis identifying the success of these TB treatments. At baseline, based on WHO categorization, the study revealed the commonest cases of patients receiving DS-TB seen are ‘New’ (90.5%) followed by relapse after failure (4.2%). Contrarily, the commonest cases of patients receiving DR-TB seen are treatment after failure (44.3%), new (27.5%) and relapse after failure cases (20.6%). Four months after starting treatment, 91.5% and 3.2% were reportedly alive and dead respectively for patients receiving DS-TB treatment while 85.3% and 11.5% were reportedly alive and dead respectively for receiving DR-TB treatment. Hence, the percentage success of DS-TB recorded was higher than the recorded for DR-TB patients. Furthermore, the chi-square results for DS-TB patients indicated that mortality significantly associated with DS-TB categorised patients (i.e. Relapse) and HIV status (i.e. Negative). Also, for the DR-TB patients, the results depicted that mortality significantly associated with DR-TB categorised patients (i.e. TAF, Treatment after Loss to Follow Up and New), both HIV status and Sputum Smear status (i.e. Positive). Nevertheless, among other findings, the binary logistic regression model estimations revealed that categorised New patients and Sputum Smear status unfavourably and significantly predicted the treatment outcome (mortality) of DS-TB and DR-TB patients. As well, categorised Relapse patients unfavourably and significantly predicted the treatment outcome (mortality) of DR-TB patients. Thus, the DS-TB method of treatment is recommended in order to achieve the target goal of the END-TB strategy in Oyo state Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124789692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Cervical Cancer Screening Among First-Generation Nigerian Immigrants Living in Diaspora","authors":"Stephen O.O., J. W.","doi":"10.52589/ijphp-je3ow6iq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ijphp-je3ow6iq","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the drop in cases of cervical cancer across the western world, there is still an ethnic inequality with lower cervical screening rates and higher incidence of cervical cancer reported among ethnic minorities and immigrants from developing nations. This study aims to explore reasons for this, through the perspectives of female, first-generation Nigerian immigrants regarding cervical cancer screening. The study utilises a cross-sectional design. It takes a qualitative approach using one-on-one in-depth interviews of female participants who are Nigerian-born immigrants currently living in Leeds, United Kingdom. By relying on thematic analysis, the study found that the country of origin of immigrants plays a significant role in shaping perspective towards cervical screening; hence, the health-seeking behaviours of immigrants. It is therefore imperative that a global health approach that also addresses cervical cancer screening challenges including lay perspectives in developing nations be adopted.","PeriodicalId":341135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114870823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}