Evaluation of Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adults from 30 years of age and above and to assess the association between the risk factors and type 2 diabetes. A total of 522 patients diagnosed with diabetes at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Asaba from August 2022 to February 2023 were collected for the study. We employed the method of logistic multinomial regression to assess the association between the risk factors and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, descriptive statistics to ascertain the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the likelihood ratio test to check which of the risk factors is significant. The female was taken as a reference category. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in females (284, 54.4%) and also in the age group 45-64 years of age. Risk factors that had a significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus are age (Chi-square = 10.589, p = 0.005), BMI (chi-square = 1.038, p = 0.092), hypertension (chi-square = 1.370, p = 0.042), alcohol consumption (chi-square = 73.319, p = 0.000), and smoking (chi-square = 142.096, p = 0.000). The results further revealed that with female patients as the reference category, a male patient in the age bracket 45-64 years (p = 0.028, AOR = 0.538, 95% C.I: 0.310 – 0.935), a male that is obese (p = 0.090, AOR = 0.962, 95% C.I: 0.524 – 1.765), male with hypertension (p = 0.044, AOR = 1.362, 95% C.I: 0.810 – 2.292), male that consumes alcohol (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.129, 95% C.I: 0.077 – 0.214), and male that smokes (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.014, 95% C.I: 0.005 – 0.042) had 72.3% fewer odds, 3.8% fewer odds, 36.2 higher odds, 87.1 fewer odds, and 98.6% fewer odds of having type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to a female patient. This study suggests appropriate actions for community awareness of regular blood sugar testing and preventive measures.