1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)最新文献

{"title":"Recent developments in computers and society research and education","authors":"R. Austing, G. Engel","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817080","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of computers, there has been concern about the impact of computers on various aspects of society. Thousands of articles and numerous books have been written in the general area of computers and society. Computer professionals have been instrumental, though perhaps not always significantly enough, in the development of policies and legislation affecting the use of computers in the public domain. Studies have been conducted; courses have been introduced, primarily at the college level; seminars directed to computer professionals have been held; and public information programs have been sponsored, mostly on a local level.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data flow evaluation system based on the concept of recursive locality*","authors":"A. Davis","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817218","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to increase the performance of computing machines, there appears to be two main approaches—(1) to use faster components in existing architectures and (2) to design new architectures which are capable of exploiting some form of concurrency. The first approach is inherently limited in that the effects of reduced integrated circuit geometry, new process technology, and new logic families can be expected to increase overall system performance by only a couple of orders of magnitude. While this is initially impressive, it does not allow the desired machine performance projected to be necessary to solve large physics problems, or needed for accurate weather prediction. 16 The second approach, while being a considerably more difficult organizational problem, is inherently unlimited in nature. There are numerous levels at which concurrency can be exploited in digital computers, i.e. multiple data paths, more concurrent realization of low-level circuit functions, overlap and pipeline processing within a single processing element, multiple processors, etc. In developing any new \"fast as possible\" machine, it is important to attempt to implement all of the above suggestions. However the work reported here will mainly be concerned with solving the problem of how to utilize and organize systems containing large numbers of independent processors.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122119841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing interactive computer services—Theoretical, technical and economic feasibility","authors":"S. Mamrak, P. Amer","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817306","url":null,"abstract":"The comparison of interactive computer services is a frequent, important and essential activity for those involved in selecting from among alternative remote access services available through a computer network. The comparison and selection process can be very complicated, relying on both nonmeasurable and measurable comparison criteria. Non-measurable criteria, such as the availability of a particular compiler, are typically easy and inexpensive to evaluate. In contrast, for those criteria which are measurable, comparison calls for an expensive process of collecting and analyzing relevant performance measurements from the network computer services under consideration. (The term \"network computer services\" is used to refer to interactive computer services available via a computer network). Further, if measurement is not carefully planned to accommodate certain inherent theoretical, technical and economic problems, the measurements which result may be misleading or invalid. A legitimate question arises as to whether comparison measurements should be done at all. This paper addresses the feasibility of including measurement phases in the process of comparing and selecting interactive network computer services.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a high-level language machine*","authors":"G. Battarel, R. J. Chevance","doi":"10.1145/1318441.1318442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1318441.1318442","url":null,"abstract":"There is at present a broad consensus that a capability-based architecture is the best approach to safe systems. 5 , 3 , 6 However, at the bare hardware level, a machine should provide for a set of basic mechanisms (e.g. processor assignment, manipulation of queues of processes, definition of and manipulation on domains) without prejudging of any policy to be applied to these elements. The internal structure of the objects referred to by capabilities, the way they are organized into capability lists and the evolution of these lists in relation to various events appearing throughout the life of a program and of its possible activations should appear at some higher level, so that they can be modified without disturbing the hardware. This demands flexibility (the capability for emulating, for instance), adaptability (to future modifications) or the ability to define a machine which could be orientated, on demand, toward a certain class of applications (see for instance, the Burroughs B1700 approach). In the following, we shall be concerned mainly with this level, which we shall call \"virtual architecture level.\" Considering a basic architecture, which we describe briefly, we define a virtual architecture for higher-level languages (namely PL/1, COBOL, FORTRAN and the system implementation language LIS, 13 ) called the HLL-machine in this discussion. The objectives of the HLL-machine are the following: • To define a virtual architecture as clean and homogeneous as possible, on which compilers may become more simple, and debugging aids more powerful. • To define a minimum of intermediate languages, ideally, just one, for supporting PL/1, COBOL and FORTRAN. • To define a set of run-time mechanisms enforcing safety. • To obtain more compact object programs, as compared to third generation computer systems, so as to reduce the working sets of programs. • To abide by the error confinement principle, which states that a procedure should not have at its disposal more capabilities than actually required for its execution. • To improve overall system performance.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":" 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120830498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of real-time control systems by the model of packet nets","authors":"M. Gouda","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817221","url":null,"abstract":"During the planning stages of a real-time control system, the planning team is more concerned about the global aspects of the system rather than the details of its different components. The first questions that have to be resolved are, What are the basic processes (or modules, or tasks) in the system? What are the data flow rates between these processes? and What are the memory and processing rate requirements of each process? Also of prime concern is how to select a suitable computer architecture to host the system and how to decompose the system on a selected distributed architecture.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to real-time scan conversion*","authors":"F. Crow","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817292","url":null,"abstract":"Scan conversion—that is, the transformation of line segment endpoint coordinates into a collection of scanline segments suitable for raster display—is important because raster displays have many advantages over random-scan, or calligraphic, displays. The calligraphic displays require extensive special-purpose hardware to generate line segments, or \"vectors,\" and to drive the beam deflection circuits of the CRT. Furthermore, by its very nature, the calligraphic display is subject to damage caused by software defects; a program which directs the beam to the same portion of the CRT face for too long can damage the phosphors, creating a permanent dark spot.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115409472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software metrics for aiding program development and debugging","authors":"N. Schneidewind","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817230","url":null,"abstract":"Computer program graphs have proven very useful because they illuminate the structural characteristics of a program. Structural characteristics, as a representation of program complexity, have been shown to be strongly related to program development time, program quality and difficulty of debugging. 1 – 3 The use of graphs for these purposes is not widely known or understood in the data processing community. It is the aim of this paper to provide an introduction to graphs as they apply to program representation and to show examples of their use in program design and debugging.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123095657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do we best control the flow of electronic information across sovereign borders?","authors":"Peter Safirstein","doi":"10.1109/AFIPS.1979.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AFIPS.1979.65","url":null,"abstract":"When all is said and done, the United States must answer one basic question: How do we best control the flow of electronic information across sovereign borders? Essentially the question is one of power politics. Information is an entity which must be viewed as a form of power. When one considers that 50-60 percent of European domestic records are processed by American companies, 1 it becomes rather apparent that the United States subsequently exerts a great deal of power vis-a-vis Europe. Our \"power,\" or ability to influence, does not end in Europe though, but extends rather significantly into the Third and Fourth Worlds as well, thus making our basic question a global one. Electronic technology, by providing the means to accumulate, store, change and transmit information on an unprecedented scale, 2 has recently emerged as an issue of great importance as well as controversy. The complex myriad of issues involves personal data, economic data, financial data, statistical data, etc. and affects our daily lives through television, telephones, satellites, etc. More specifically, electronic technology's uses can be seen today in the airlines reservations network (SITA), the international banking network (SWIFT), creditworthiness evaluation data bases usually situated in the United States, global satellites providing remote sensing, corporation electronic information systems used in management controls for production, marketing, personnel, capital expenses and investment. 3 These examples represent just a few of the controversial issues which governments are beginning to realize that they must confront. Confrontation has emerged as a necessity for one overriding reason directly related to the recent emergence of electronic technology. That one concern is economic power. Europe has recognized that the uncontrolled flow of data creates hardships for its economy. European political pundits are frightened by the prospect of being cut off from vital data that is stored in foreign data bases. Hence, advisers warn of the dangers of dependence and advocate the creation of domestic data bases. Europeans are quickly developing their own data processing capabilities, yet they remain still far behind the Americans for primarily economic rea-","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130657943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching and research experiences with an emulation laboratory","authors":"Steve Sutphen","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817305","url":null,"abstract":"User-microprogrammable computers have been generally available since the early 1970s, although in the past few years they have become quite popular. The primary reason for the increased popularity is the decrease in price made possible by technological advances in high-speed memories. Also, the computer manufacturing industry is looking towards microprogramming for increasing throughput of large operating systems, which cannot be replaced because of the large investment for them in software.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The System Architecture Evaluation Facility-An emulation facility at Rome Air Development Center","authors":"N. B. Clark, M. A. Troutman","doi":"10.1109/MARK.1979.8817199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MARK.1979.8817199","url":null,"abstract":"Military requirements for data processing systems with unusual characteristics to perform specialized jobs have led to research into advanced architectures by the Department of Defense (DoD). Some of the requirements for systems have no counterpart in the civilian industry. Command, control and communications systems are typically complex and must be reliable and available with a high degree of certainty. This places great stress on the development of new data processing systems. The architecture, as the bedrock of all systems, must be continually improved in order to accomplish the increasingly complex software functions now demanded. Spaceborne automated systems simply cannot have an onboard team of vendor maintenance engineers to diagnose problems and replace components; a fault tolerant architecture is needed. Advanced radar surveillance systems provide a tremendous potential for information gathering but must be supported by parallel architectures which are still in the research phase. The DoD is actively involved in research and development of advanced architectures for tomorrow’s data processing needs and the System Architecture Evaluation Facility (SAEF) is an example of the use of microprogrammable (and other special purpose) computers to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of this research.","PeriodicalId":341008,"journal":{"name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132056159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}