International Journal of Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"Mesoscopic origin of damage nucleation of Mg-RE-Zn alloys containing LPSO phase","authors":"Qiankun Li,&nbsp;Li Jin,&nbsp;Fenghua Wang,&nbsp;Shuai Dong,&nbsp;Jian Zeng,&nbsp;Fulin Wang,&nbsp;Jie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of the long-period stacking order (LPSO) phase in damage initiation within magnesium alloys remains inadequately understood. This study investigates the influence of the LPSO phase on damage nucleation and toughness in Mg-RE-Zn alloys, utilizing in-situ tensile testing combined with scanning electron microscopy and digital image correlation (SEM-DIC) to capture mesoscale strain distribution. Results identify the incoherent α-Mg/LPSO interface as the primary site of damage due to its inherent weakness. Damage nucleation is driven by strain gradients resulting from strain localization, which is governed by the strain compatibility factor (<em>m_k</em> value) and associated with high local stress from dislocation accumulation. Secondary damage occurs within LPSO blocks, where their higher elastic modulus prevents stress relief through plastic deformation. Thermo-mechanical processing offers strategies to mitigate these issues by enhancing intergranular strain compatibility (increasing <em>m_k</em> values through grain orientation adjustments) and refining LPSO blocks to improve dispersion strengthening. These measures help counteract the reduction in plasticity caused by damage at the α-Mg/LPSO interface. Furthermore, the main damage nucleation model provides a predictive framework for identifying potential decohesion sites at incoherent α-Mg/LPSO interfaces based on <em>m_k</em> values and grain orientation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104367"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-scale stochastic analysis framework for creep failure considering microstructural randomness","authors":"Weichen Kong ,&nbsp;Yanwei Dai ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinghua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creep failure under high temperatures is a complex multiscale and multi-mechanism issue involving inherent microstructural randomness. To investigate the effect of microstructures on the uniaxial/multiaxial creep failure, a dual-scale stochastic analysis framework is established to introduce the grain boundary (GB) characteristics into the macroscopic analysis. The GB degeneration-dominated creep failure of nickel-base superalloy Inconel 617 under long-term creep is considered in this study. Firstly, the damage mechanisms of GBs are investigated based on the crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) method and cohesive zone model (CZM). Subsequently, based on the obtained GB damage evolution, a novel Monte Carlo (MC) approach is proposed to quantify the randomness of macroscopic creep behavior based on the statistical feature of GB orientation and area distribution. Finally, a dual-scale stochastic multiaxial creep damage model is established to incorporate the influence of the random GB orientation and area distribution. With the numerical application of the proposed creep damage model, the random initiation and growth of creep cracks in the uniaxial tensile specimen and the pressurized tube are captured and analyzed. The proposed stochastic framework effectively considers the inherent randomness introduced by GB characteristics and efficiently realizes full-field multiscale calculations. It also shows its potential applications in safety evaluation and life prediction of creep components and structures under high temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104366"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising pathways for balancing strength and ductility in chemically complex alloys with medium-to-high stacking fault energies","authors":"Shanshan Liu ,&nbsp;Tongtong Sun ,&nbsp;Zongde Kou ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Han ,&nbsp;Qingwei Gao ,&nbsp;Jiyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Lai-Chang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiri Orava ,&nbsp;Kaikai Song ,&nbsp;Lijun Xiao ,&nbsp;Jürgen Eckert ,&nbsp;Weidong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging chemically complex alloys (CCAs) with medium-to-high stacking fault energies (SFEs) offer significant potential as advanced materials, yet achieving the balance between strength and ductility remains challenging. This study explores the strategic control of partial recrystallization in Al_8.3Co_16.7Cr_13.3Fe_16.7Ni_41.7V_3.3 CCAs to engineer micron-scale heterogeneous structures featuring unevenly distributed L1₂ nanoprecipitates. The optimized microstructure comprises finely recrystallized regions with high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), coarsely unrecrystallized regions with low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and deformation-defect-rich transition (DDRT) zones where both grain boundary types coexist. This architecture enables synergistic strengthening mechanisms, including grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening, resulting in an exceptional yield strength of up to 1623 MPa. During plastic deformation, the dislocation pile-up and accumulation aided by interactions with nanoprecipitates and GBs balance strain softening caused by shear band propagation, leading to relatively low but steady work-hardening rates (WHRs). As deformation progresses, increasingly complex interactions further promote the formation of pronounced dislocation pile-ups, multiplication, SFs, Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) lock networks, and the 9R phase transformation within DDRT zones, collectively contributing to continuous WHRs. As a result of these synergistic mechanisms, the material achieves an ultimate tensile strength of ∼1700 MPa and a total elongation of ∼17.2 %, demonstrating enhanced ductility without sacrificing strength. This work highlights the potential of localized DDRT zones to enable controlled phase transformations in CCAs with medium-to-high SFEs, providing a promising pathway for designing high-performance materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104358"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterointerface-induced stacking fault/dislocation modulation: A way to enhance work hardening and ductility in micro/nano-reinforced aluminum composites","authors":"Farhad Saba ,&nbsp;Elham Garmroudi Nezhad ,&nbsp;Kang Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Cui ,&nbsp;Daijun Hu ,&nbsp;Kolan Madhav Reddy ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Genlian Fan ,&nbsp;Zhanqiu Tan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of utilizing bimodal microstructures (including reinforcements and grains) with a high density of heterointerfaces in tailoring defects has not been well understood in particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (PRAMCs). Inspired by this architecture, we developed a micro-B₄C/nano-MgO+CNTs-reinforced bimodally-grained 6xxx aluminum alloy composite with tailored internal stress distribution and high-density heterointerface-induced wide stacking faults (SFs). The evolution of linear/planar defect substructures during deformation was studied to explore the microstructural origins of enhanced work hardening and ductility. The novel micro/nano-reinforced composite exhibited significantly higher work hardening and ductility compared to the composite containing only microparticles. This was attributed to multiple heterointerface-induced mechanisms, including hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) hardening, activation of multiple slip systems, Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks, and deformation-induced SF networks. These deformation mechanisms allow the composites to exhibit an enhanced strength-ductility combination via <em>in situ</em> reduction of the mean free paths of dislocations. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the high efficiency of <span>l</span>-C locks in pinning dislocations and strengthening. A semiquantitative model was developed to analyze the influence of heterointerfaces on SF width. This study effectively demonstrates the potential of introducing numerous heterointerfaces through bimodal reinforcements/grains, which can be applied to other composites, offering a promising prototype for designing strong yet ductile materials for technological applications via modulating defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104357"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lamellar microstructure enables exceptional fatigue resistance in a medium-entropy alloy manufactured by integrated directed energy deposition with interlayer rolling","authors":"Yufei Chen ,&nbsp;Tiwen Lu ,&nbsp;Haitao Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Hu ,&nbsp;Ning Yao ,&nbsp;Kaishang Li ,&nbsp;Xiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yunjie Bi ,&nbsp;Binhan Sun ,&nbsp;Xian-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shan-Tung Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directed energy deposition (DED) offers higher manufacturing efficiency and material utilization, making it suitable for producing large-sized structural components. However, due to columnar coarse grains and manufactured defects, how to remarkably elevate the fatigue resistance of DED-fabricated face-centered cubic (FCC) materials is an important yet technically challenging issue. To address the challenge, this study employed a medium-entropy FCC alloy, (CoCrNi)₉₄Al₃Ti₃, as the base material and adopted a processing strategy that integrates interlayer rolling into DED to controllably introduce lamellar structure, an effective fatigue-resistant microstructure. Through process optimization, the sample with 3-time inter-layer rolling (DED-R3) exhibits a significantly enhanced fatigue resistance and fatigue ratio along the rolling direction (RD), higher than DED sample by 60 % and 48 %, respectively. The lamellar heterostructure introduced by inter-layer rolling consists of alternating coarse and fine grains, with coarse grains accounting for 66.7 % and fine grains for 33.3 %. This lamellar heterostructure resulted from high geometrically necessary dislocation density induced by cold rolling and critical recrystallization temperature through cyclic heating, facilitating columnar-to-equiaxed transition at local positions. The high fatigue resistance of DED-R3 samples was attributed to the simultaneous achievement of cyclic stability and resistance to crack propagation from lamellar heterostructure. On the one hand, quasi-<em>in-situ</em> fatigue experiments were conducted to reveal enhanced crack initiation mechanisms: different from intense plastic strain localization induced grain boundary (GB) or slip band (SB) cracks in DED samples, most cracks in DED-R3 samples initiated from the interaction between SBs and defects. The mitigated surface roughening by lamellar microstructure suppressed the risk of microstructure cracking. On the other hand, the macroscopic deflection induced by the heterostructure interface and the high-frequency deflection by dense GBs collectively reduced the crack propagation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104349"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cryogenic treatment in the relaxation behavior of the elastically rejuvenated metallic glasses","authors":"A.H. Balal ,&nbsp;X.L. Bian ,&nbsp;D.X. Han ,&nbsp;B. Huang ,&nbsp;S.S. Liao ,&nbsp;N. Li ,&nbsp;S. Ali ,&nbsp;Y.D. Jia ,&nbsp;J.C. Qiao ,&nbsp;G. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates how elastically pre-loaded Zr_52.5Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀Ti₅ metallic glass (MG) subjected to cryogenic treatments (CT) affects its relaxation behavior and mechanical properties. The findings reveal that as the elasto-static compression loading (ECL) stress and duration increase, a noticeable improvement in structural rejuvenation will be induced due to the increase of the free volume. From the perspective of the atomic-level stress theory, the dilated atomic structure induced by ECL helps to achieve a synergy of strength and plasticity after CT. The shrinkage after cooling triggers the coalescence of the hard elastic matrix with the soft regions, which results in free volume annihilation and induces partial structural relaxation. Hence, high density regions with lower activation energy and higher yield strength are generated, manifesting an overcoming the strength-plasticity trade-off in MGs. Further investigations show that the <em>β</em>-relaxation activation that occurs after the activation of a small concentration of local low-viscosity regions is closely related to <em>β′-</em>relaxation. It is evidenced that with increasing of ECL stress and time that followed by CT process, the activation energy of <em>β</em>- and <em>β′-</em>relaxation and the viscosity of local liquid-like regions are decreased, while the concentrations of the defective flow units of <em>β</em>- and <em>β′-</em>relaxation are increased. Moreover, ECL and CT can induce structural modifications manifesting in the decrease of the activation energy and the increase of the shear transformation zones (STZs) volume, as compared with the as-cast state. The generalized Maxwell and free volume models serve as the frameworks for understanding the phenomena. These results offer insights into the relationship between the local liquid-like regions excitations and secondary relaxations with the mechanical properties, to develop advanced MGs with fascinating properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104356"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability of Omega phase induces synchronously improved strength and plasticity of metastable β-titanium alloys","authors":"C. Mi ,&nbsp;S.Z. Zhang ,&nbsp;H. Zhang ,&nbsp;Z.C. Peng ,&nbsp;T. Chen ,&nbsp;F.C. An ,&nbsp;C.J. Zhang ,&nbsp;S.X. Liang ,&nbsp;J.S. Zhang ,&nbsp;X.Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;R.P. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metastable β-Titanium alloys combine excellent work-hardenability and good plasticity due to phase transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) and/or twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) effects, but exhibit poor yield strength. While isothermal ω-phase (ω_iso) precipitation effectively strengthens these alloys, it typically compromises their plasticity. This study develops a strategy to harness ω-phase precipitation for simultaneously enhancing tensile strength and maintaining plasticity in metastable β titanium alloys. Experimental results reveal that ω-phase particles significantly improve yield strength while initiating localized necking through dislocation channel formation. This necking facilitates the rapid multiplication of dislocations in the strain-localization area, leading to forest dislocation hardening. Additionally, there is extra work hardening due to the interaction of dislocations with stress-induced twins and α'' martensites. This dual work-hardening mechanism restrains and stabilizes premature necking. Continuous interactions between ω-phase particles and lattice defects (dislocations, twins, α\" martensites), coupled with subsequent hardening from dislocation-defect interplay, induce two distinct necking events prior to final fracture. Each necking stage triggers corresponding hardening responses that progressively regulate deformation behavior. Consequently, an exceptional strength-ductility synergy is achieved, resulting in a 680 MPa yield strength and 51.77 % elongation after 150 °C aging. This work provides an instability-control strategy that coordinates forest hardening with dislocation-twin/α\" martensites interaction hardening, thereby synchronously improving strength and plasticity (SISP) of metastable β titanium alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104355"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling asymmetric precipitation strengthening during tension and compression via statistical slip activity analysis for an untextured Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy","authors":"Ran Ni ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Carl Boehlert ,&nbsp;Jiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Qudong Wang ,&nbsp;Dongdi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loading direction is not usually considered when evaluating precipitation-strengthening behavior. However, different precipitation-strengthening responses under tension and compression (termed T-C asymmetric precipitation strengthening) do exist in Mg alloys. In an untextured and twin-free Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy, peak-aging (T6) treatment increased the yield strength (YS) by 103 MPa (+73%) under tension and 25 MPa (+11%) under compression, compared with the solid solution (T4) condition. To understand this phenomenon, both the distributions and critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratios of individual slip modes were statistically analyzed using slip trace analysis based on over 500 slip trace observations. The aging-induced increases in <span><math><mrow><mtext>CRS</mtext><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mtext>Pyr</mtext><mspace></mspace><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>/<span><math><mrow><mtext>CRS</mtext><msub><mi>S</mi><mtext>Pri</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>CRS</mtext><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mtext>Pyr</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>II</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>/<span><math><mrow><mtext>CRS</mtext><msub><mi>S</mi><mtext>Pri</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> were significantly greater in tension compared with compression. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that Orowan bowing was the dominant dislocation-precipitate interaction mechanism in tension, while shearing was prevalent in compression. The CRSS increments for the individual slip modes were calculated and compared for Orowan bowing and shearing. Orowan strengthening was consistently higher than shearing strengthening for all slip modes. These rationalized the higher aging-induced increase of YS in tension compared with compression. In addition, the precipitation effects on the frequency of multiple slip, cross slip and slip transfer were different in tension and compression. Overall, this work highlights the importance of considering the loading direction when studying precipitation strengthening for Mg alloys for the first time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104354"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-organization of multiple shear bands in CoCrNi chemically complex medium entropy alloys","authors":"Dong-Lin Sheng ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Wei-Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Lan-Hong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), also known as medium/high entropy alloys (M/HEAs), possess a multitude of outstanding properties attributing to their distinctive chemically disordered structure, which endows them with broad application prospects in many engineering fields. As a fundamental and ubiquitous non-equilibrium phenomenon, shear localization has received significant attention during past several decades. However, the collective behavior of multiple shear bands in CCAs or M/HEAs has not been comprehensively elucidated. Here, we tackle this problem in CoCrNi medium entropy alloy by thick-walled cylinders technology. Via the experimental design, the specimens subjected to diverse deformations were effectively \"frozen\", thereby facilitating the acquisition of the self-organization characteristics of multiple shear bands in distinct evolution stages. A notable scaling law of multiple shear band spacing was identified. To uncover the underlying physical mechanism of the scaling law, a multiple shear band energy dissipation evolution dynamics model was formulated. Subsequently, a competing map of shear band nucleation and growth was established. It is found that the coordinated propagation of stacking faults and twins may trigger the transformation from the face-centered cubic structure to the hexagonal close-packed structure and even amorphization in late stage of shear band growth. The amorphization regions possess a high probability of serving as nucleation sites with a propensity for void formation. Eventually, with the progression of void evolution, fracture occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104352"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of multi-stage recrystallization in low-alloy steel under varying deformation conditions using inhomogeneous-dislocation-density 3D cellular automaton","authors":"Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Lifeng Lu ,&nbsp;Xueze Jin ,&nbsp;He Wu ,&nbsp;Qiwei He ,&nbsp;Daolei Yang ,&nbsp;Jingchao Yao ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaoshun Bian ,&nbsp;Bin Guo ,&nbsp;Debin Shan ,&nbsp;Wenchen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the thermoforming process, alloys experience severe plastic deformation under varying temperatures and strain rates, complicating dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior. Current DRX models developed under constant deformation conditions have limited accuracy in predicting complex stress and microstructure evolutions. This work develops a 3D cellular automaton (CA) model to precisely predict the DRX microstructure and flow stress of low-alloy steel under varying deformation conditions. The model incorporates dislocation density gradients and grain-boundary sliding to quantify dislocation density evolutions in matrix and multi-stage recrystallization grains during hot compression. Parameter variables related to dislocation accumulation and annihilation are derived from a new phenomenological constitutive model, in which the variation of the time for 50 % DRX fraction and the residual softening induced by the first-stage recrystallization are considered. CA simulation results illustrate that the stress softening following peak stress after transiently increasing the Zener-Hollomon parameter <span><math><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></math></span> is attributed to the refinement of matrix and first-stage DRX grains (DRXGs_I) resulting from dislocation differences. DRXGs_I cannot be fully refined due to delayed nucleation of second-stage DRX grains (DRXGs_II), resulting in a greater final grain size. After decreasing <span><math><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></math></span>, even if the DRX fraction increases to levels under constant conditions, some matrix still exhibits higher dislocation density due to an inhomogeneous-dislocation-density distribution. This accelerates DRXGs_I growth to a size similar to that under the constant condition, producing a stress-decreasing rate that closely matches experimental findings. The proposed simulation framework not only contributes to visualizing multi-stage recrystallization but also aids in quantitative microstructure control during hot forging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 104353"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}