International Journal of Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"Investigating creep damage initiation at the mesoscale using high-resolution electron microscopy, crystal plasticity modelling, and a classification algorithm","authors":"Farhan Ashraf ,&nbsp;Nicolò Grilli ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Michael Salvini ,&nbsp;Catrin M. Davies ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Truman ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mostafavi ,&nbsp;David Knowles","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate modelling of plastic and creep deformation, along with the associated damage mechanisms in 316H stainless steel under high-temperature and complex loading conditions, is essential for ensuring the long-term structural integrity of power plant components. Robust physics-based models contribute to more accurate life assessment procedures, thereby improving safety and extending component service life under creep conditions. However, current approaches often lack accurate microstructure-sensitive models that can correlate experimentally observed local creep damage with key microstructural features such as grain orientation and morphology in creep damage prediction.</div><div>To address this knowledge gap, a combined modelling and experimental approach is employed to investigate creep damage initiation in 316H stainless steel at 550 °C. A crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model is developed to simulate the primary and secondary stages of creep deformation. To accurately predict local deformation under realistic boundary conditions, a new modelling strategy is introduced, embedding crystal plasticity domains within larger-scale geometries. Furthermore, a novel methodology is introduced to define damage initiation criterion by employing a classification algorithm to correlate experimentally observed creep damage with internal variables from the CPFE model. This data-driven approach enables the development of a predictive equation for identifying damaged grain boundaries. This equation represents a significant advancement over phenomenological approaches, such as the stress-modified ductility exhaustion (SMDE) model. The proposed model predicts approximately 67% of observed creep cavities at grain boundaries in the analysed regions, demonstrating the strong potential of a data-driven modelling framework for microstructure-sensitive damage prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104627"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal twinning mechanisms and martensitic transformation in Fe60Mn12Cr12Ni8Si8 high entropy alloy under cyclic tension-compression loading","authors":"Lin Guo ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Wu ,&nbsp;Ji Gu ,&nbsp;Dechuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Ma ,&nbsp;Yilong Dai ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lin ,&nbsp;Ian Baker ,&nbsp;Min Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twinning and martensitic transformations are well-understood under monotonic loading, yet how stress reversal and the associated kinematic reversibility, inherent to cyclic deformation, affects these mechanisms remains insufficiently understood. Here, we systematically investigate the microstructural evolution of a metastable high entropy alloy Fe₆₀Mn₁₂Cr₁₂Ni₈Si₈ under cyclic tension-compression (CTC) loading. Multi-scale characterizations reveal that the cyclic stress reversal fundamentally alters the transformation pathway compared to the monotonic tension. The initial, undeformed material consists of a face-centered cubic γ phase. Monotonic tension primarily activates deformation-induced martensitic transformation, whereas CTC produces markedly different microstructural pathways depending on strain amplitude. At a low strain amplitude (0.5%), short-range glide of Shockley partial dislocations promotes extensive formation of HCP ε-martensite (a fraction of ∼68.3%). In contrast, high-strain-amplitude CTC loading (2.0%) activates an abnormal transformation-mediated twinning mechanism. This process, driven by the reversible motion of Shockley partial dislocation within confined ε-martensite, leads to a refined γ/γ_twin/ε nano-laminate structure with a spacing of ∼2.6 nm. Furthermore, we identify unconventional polymorphic transformation pathways accommodating the high local stress concentrations: (i) nucleation of body-centered cubic α′-martensite at a specific interface where the two γ phases maintain an 86° angle between their respective <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>γ</mi></msub></math></span> planes, and (ii) a direct γ to body-centered tetragonal α-martensite transition via continuous lattice shearing along <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>111</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>γ</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>. These mechanisms are attributed to the unique stress accommodation requirements in the highly confined nano-laminates. The resulting hierarchical microstructure not only relieves local stress concentrations but also contributes to the good cyclic durability. Overall, these findings establish an atomistic mechanistic link between cyclic reversibility and transformation/twinning pathway selection, and suggest a processing-enabled route to engineer heterogeneous γ/γ_twin/ε nano-laminate structure in bulk metastable alloys at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104613"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining superior strength-ductility synergy properties in a medium-entropy alloy via dual heterogeneous and TRIP effects","authors":"Wenjie Lu ,&nbsp;Bin Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Xu-Sheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activating additional strain-hardening mechanisms is essential to achieve superior strain hardening capacity and strength-ductility synergy in precipitation-hardened alloys. In this work, we introduce a synergistic strategy that combines dual-heterogeneous structures (DHS) with the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in a precipitation-hardened medium-entropy alloy (MEA), thereby enabling multiple strain-hardening mechanisms for the exceptional strength-ductility combination. The tailored alloy showcases a high yield strength of ∼ 1290 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ∼ 1737 MPa, and an excellent fracture elongation of ∼ 36.9% at ambient temperature, exhibiting a ∼ 162% increase in yield strength without compromising uniform ductility, compared to its single-phase solid solution counterpart. Microstructural analyses reveal that the enhanced yield strength stems primarily from precipitation hardening and extra hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening. Furthermore, plastic deformation mechanism investigations demonstrate that the remarkable work-hardening capacity (&gt; 3 GPa) results from the combined effects of dynamically enhanced HDI hardening and the activated TRIP effect during tensile deformation. These multiple and sustained strain-hardening mechanisms underpin the alloy’s exceptional strength-ductility synergy. Our study provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance structural materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104624"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy under compression with confining pressure","authors":"Yanxiong Liu ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Hua ,&nbsp;Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Kaisheng Ji ,&nbsp;Yizhe Chen ,&nbsp;Junnan Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Al-4 V alloys have attracted increasing attention as candidates to meet targets for lightweight applications in the automotive, aerospace and other industries. To improve the plastic deformation capacity and mechanical properties of deformed parts, this paper proposes a forming process under superimposed hydrostatic pressure. Ti-6Al-4 V alloys were subjected to compression under liquid at a pressure of 175 MPa, which caused superimposed hydrostatic pressure during the compression process. This study revealed the deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Ti-6Al-4 V alloys under such loading conditions for the first time through experimental, simulation and theoretical analyses. Multiscale characterization (SEM/XRD/TEM) reveals that hydrostatic pressure induces activation of {<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>} and {<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>} α-twins to accommodate deformation, the formation of coherent α/β interfaces and a nonrandom V distribution in the α phase. In comparison to the normal-pressure compression sample, the ultimate compressive strength, hardness, and compression ratio were only 1229.9 MPa, 294.1 HV, and 35%, respectively. The high-pressure compression sample exhibits a superior combination of strength, as evidenced by its ultimate compressive strength (2004.9 MPa), hardness (364.8 HV), and plasticity (42.5% compression ratio). The synergy is attributed to three coupled mechanisms under high pressure: twinning-induced plasticity, interface strengthening and short-range ordering strengthening. Furthermore, theoretical geometrical phase analysis and crystal plasticity simulations reveal that high pressure decreases the stress in the α phase. The resulting significant improvement in both tensile and compressive strains can lead to the formation of a high density of twins. Concurrently, it has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of the β phase to stress, thereby preventing the β phase cracking that is frequently observed in normal pressure compression. These results provide a promising pathway for overcoming the severe engineering challenges caused by the low room-temperature plasticity of Ti-6Al-4 V alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104610"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-dependent tensile behavior of nanocrystalline HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy: Roles of solid-solution and local chemical order","authors":"Yihan Wu ,&nbsp;Gaosheng Yan ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yu ,&nbsp;Yaohong Suo ,&nbsp;Wenshan Yu ,&nbsp;Shengping Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the size-dependent mechanical behavior of the HfNbTaTiZr refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) under uniaxial tension, with a focus on the effects of random solid-solution (RSS) and local chemical order (LCO). A machine learning framework is developed to accelerate the parameterization of interatomic force fields (FFs), enabling molecular dynamics simulations of three nanocrystalline models: (i) a meta-atom (MA) model representing the RHEA as a hypothetical single-element system with averaged properties, (ii) a quinary RSS model with randomly distributed constituent atoms, and (iii) a Monte Carlo (MC) model with internal LCO. The results reveal that RSS enhances strength, while LCO reduces flow stress level but improves strain hardening and failure resistance. A transition from Hall–Petch (HP) strengthening to inverse Hall–Petch (IHP) softening is observed, with LCO suppressing this transition. The associated plastic mechanisms (i.e., dislocation slip, deformation twinning, phase transformation and grain boundary movements) are analyzed from both nanostructural and energetic perspectives. Theoretical models are established to describe the size-dependent yield strength and estimate the critical grain size. Additionally, the contributions of different plastic mechanisms to the overall stress response are separately quantified. These findings provide new insights into the design and performance optimization of RHEAs through nanostructural engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104626"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous precipitation evolution and dislocation accumulation in CNT/2024Al composites with dual heterostructure","authors":"Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Cunsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yingzhi Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Guoqun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous structure can simultaneously improve the strength and ductility of composites. However, the inherent structural and compositional differences pose a significant challenge for heat treatment. In this work, a dual-heterostructured CNT/2024Al composite with non-uniformly distributed reinforcements and heterogeneous grain structure was fabricated by accumulative extrusion bonding. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous precipitation evolution and dislocation accumulation in the composite were systematically investigated. Compared with conventional aging (180°C × 12h), pre-stretching combined with low-temperature aging (100°C × 60h) can refine precipitates in both the soft and hard zones, thereby improving the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength by 41% and 17%, respectively. Soft and hard zones exhibit distinct precipitation behaviors, and the added reinforcements, such as CNTs and Al₄C₃, serve as nucleation sites for precipitation in the hard zone, promoting the formation of precipitate-free zones and interfacial phases. Moreover, a high density of mobile dislocations is induced by pre-stretching, thereby suppressing the formation of Lüders bands. As two-beam diffraction and stereo-pair analyses results show, the [110]<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>11</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> slip dislocations nucleate at heterogeneous interfaces and slip into the soft zone, and the shear stress experienced by dislocations decreases with increasing distance from the interface. The slip systems of three dislocation segments in the hexagonal dislocation network are <span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>01</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span>(011), [110](001), and [101]<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>11</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. This work offers new insights for improving the mechanical properties of heterogeneous composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104631"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal plasticity modeling of ratchetting in FCC alloys","authors":"Kunqing Ding ,&nbsp;Theodore Zirkle ,&nbsp;Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Gustavo M. Castelluccio ,&nbsp;Bryan D. Miller ,&nbsp;Jonathan L. Wormald ,&nbsp;Benjamin S. Anglin ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Webb ,&nbsp;David L. McDowell ,&nbsp;Ting Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ratchetting is the progressive, unidirectional accumulation of plastic strain during asymmetric stress cycling with nonzero mean stress. Modeling ratchetting is challenging, especially under complex cyclic loading conditions. Most existing constitutive models rely on phenomenological back stress formulations to characterize ratchetting responses, but they are only loosely connected to underlying physical mechanisms. This work develops a microstructure-sensitive crystal plasticity (MS-CP) model for ratchetting in face-centered cubic (FCC) alloys, applied to Alloy 600 (A600) and 304L stainless steel (SS). The model incorporates back stress evolution for slip systems, driven by both deformation-induced dislocation substructures and precipitate–dislocation interactions. The simulated monotonic and ratchetting responses at room and elevated temperatures are validated against experimental stress–strain data. Results highlight the strengthening effects of dislocation substructures in both alloys and of precipitates in A600, as well as the role of substructure evolution in ratchetting responses. This MS-CP model provides a physically grounded framework for modeling in FCC alloys under complex cyclic loading, supporting improved life predictions for components in service.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104611"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiabatic shear instability mechanisms in BCC TiHfZrTaNb high entropy alloy: insights from microscale experiments and simulations","authors":"Jianguo Li ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinjie Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongbin Tang ,&nbsp;Tao Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) hold great promise for impact engineering due to their superior dynamic mechanical properties. However, the limited understanding of the adiabatic shear instability mechanism in these alloys restricts their effective design and application for enhanced impact performance. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical responses of near-equiatomic TiZrHfNbTa RHEA across a wide range of temperature and strain rate. Upon impact compression to substantial strains, adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) emerge as the predominant failure mode. Utilizing an <em>in situ</em> high-speed “force-heat-deformation” synchronous testing system based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar, we have meticulously characterized the initiation and propagation of ASBs. Our work clearly elucidates the pronounced adiabatic temperature rise associated with localized shear deformation. Moreover, through quasi-<em>in situ</em> microstructural evolution analysis, we have delineated the microscopic evolution wherein local deformation sites expand and interconnect along the most deformable grains, ultimately leading to the formation of through-shear zones. Additionally, we have uncovered the micro-mechanism by which dynamic recrystallization (DRX) within these shear zones induces plastic instability. To quantitatively decouple the specific contributions of thermal softening and dynamic recrystallization softening to dynamic instability, we have developed a crystal plasticity mechanical constitutive model to accurately capture the mechanical responses of the RHEA by incorporating the influence of dynamic recrystallization evolution. Our findings highlight the crucial role of DRX softening in driving local shear instability in the RHEA. By combining full-process microcharacterization with mesoscale crystal plasticity finite element simulations, this work offers a precise analysis of the formation mechanism underlying the dynamic instability in BCC RHEA. This research is expected to provide a robust theoretical foundation for the future design of advanced metallic materials with enhanced impact performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104625"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven elastoplastic super element method for multiscale modeling of history-dependent responses in metamaterials","authors":"Yongzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Shengyu Duan ,&nbsp;Chunwang He ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Qinglei Zeng ,&nbsp;Daining Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical metamaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties, making them promising candidates for advanced structural applications. However, accurate and efficient prediction of the history-dependent, nonlinear mechanical behavior of elastoplastic metamaterial structures remains challenging. In this work, we propose a data-driven elastoplastic super element (DD-EPSE) framework to model the elastoplastic response of metamaterials. Unlike traditional representative volume element (RVE)-based homogenization that relies on scale separation and equivalent stress-strain relationships, DD-EPSE treats each unit cell as a structural element governed by force-displacement relationships at control points, with nodal forces serving as internal variables. After eliminating rigid-body motions, the incremental force-displacement response is captured by a specially designed artificial neural network framework, which enforces objectivity and equilibrium. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is incorporated to identify plastic zones within metastructures. The method is validated through extensive numerical simulations and experiments on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based metamaterials under diverse loading conditions. Results demonstrate that DD-EPSE accurately predicts the force-displacement response and plasticity distribution of large-scale metastructures, while reducing computational cost by several orders of magnitude compared to direct numerical simulations. In addition, its applicability to other metamaterial topologies is validated through transfer learning, exemplified by beam-lattice structures. The DD-EPSE framework provides an efficient tool for modeling and designing of mechanical metamaterials with history-dependent nonlinear behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104623"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue crack initiation mechanisms in Inconel 718 from MC carbide","authors":"Pandi Zhao ,&nbsp;Zebang Zheng ,&nbsp;Mei Zhan ,&nbsp;Guang Zeng ,&nbsp;Yilun Xu ,&nbsp;Hongwei Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyan Sun ,&nbsp;Hai Xin ,&nbsp;Yuyang Wang ,&nbsp;M.W. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbides are the primary inclusions in superalloys and crack initiations associated with carbides are crucial and unavoidable, which can affect the mechanical properties of the material. Carbide-related cracking characteristics at high temperatures have been extensively investigated experimentally, while the local deformation behaviors of carbides under fatigue loading have also been explored numerically. However, the multiscale interaction of carbides with dislocations remains not fully understood. In this study, the focus is on the various cracking mechanisms of carbides and the evolution of cracks in Inconel 718 superalloys studied by integrating quasi-in-situ three-point bending fatigue tests, transmission electron microscope observations, crystal plasticity and discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. This combination of multi-scale experiments and simulations enables a comprehensive understanding of the carbide-related crack nucleation mechanisms. The results reveal the presence of three distinct carbide-related cracking mechanisms, including interface debonding, inclusion cracks, and a newly observed mechanism: slip band cracks between uncracked carbides. Among these, the inclusion cracking dominates from the aspect of nucleation sequence and relative frequency. Through the comparison of various physical quantities, the normal stress valued 606 MPa and the maximum principal stress of 870 MPa can be used to determine the occurrence of interface debonding and inclusion crack. Meanwhile, elevated dislocation densities develop between adjacent carbides due to the coexistence of a high elastic strain gradient and limited plastic strain, indicating a potential site for crack initiation. These findings are crucial for the design of fatigue-resistant Inconel 718 components and for optimizing superalloy manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 104630"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}