Frontiers in Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Unexplored agronomic, socioeconomic and policy domains for sustainable cotton production on small landholdings: a systematic review","authors":"Jacob Shauri Tlatlaa, G. Tryphone, E. Nassary","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1281043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1281043","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton productivity continues to be disputed, despite rapid advancements and widespread technologies. These uncertainties remain to be critically addressed in a broad spectrum focusing on domains at the global level. Therefore, this systematic review provides an overview of the existing advancements in knowledge, skills, and technologies for sustainable cotton production on small landholdings. Specifically, the areas of the cotton chain examined are threefold: - (1) Explore disguised agronomic practices to be endowed for sustainable cotton production on small landholdings; (2) Explore socioeconomic settings based on their disparities in contributing to sustainable cotton production on small landholdings; and (3) Explore existing and feasible institutional policies to be enforced for sustainable cotton production on small landholdings. This review shows that worldwide cotton production involves conventional and organic systems, at the expense of the traditional system. Heavy uses of nitrogenous fertilizers and pesticides are the common practices in conventional systems, with some adoptions of precision agriculture practices, and genetically modified varieties. Rotation and intercropping with early-maturing food crops are also identified viable options to improve farmers’ attitudes toward adopting cotton-producing technologies. In socioeconomics, farmers’ livelihoods are improved by income generation from sales of cotton and labour in the cotton industry. Gender equity in the cotton industry prioritizes females over males, as females display a group with a higher level of technology adoption. Generally, clear institutional policies governing the cotton industry are globally paucity. Furthermore, efforts to sensitize sustainable cotton production are still highly questionable and challenged by the superseding climate changes.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for disease resistance breeding against Corynespora cassiicola in crops","authors":"Edgar Sierra-Orozco, German Sandoya, Seonghee Lee, Gary Vallad, Samuel Hutton","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1275906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1275906","url":null,"abstract":"Corynespora cassiicola ( Cc ) is a genetically diverse ascomycete found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Cc causes necrotrophic diseases in several plant species, including important crops such as rubber tree, tomato, cotton, and cucumber. Evidence suggests the involvement of one or more Cc host-specific toxins in disease progression. Management of Cc crop diseases is based mainly on pesticide sprays. However, the pathogen’s development of resistance to commonly used fungicides is documented. Resistance breeding is an attractive alternative or supplement to chemical control of Cc crop diseases, but research on this topic is very limited. This review describes the current plant resistance breeding efforts towards Cc resistance and discusses the potential influence of host-specific toxins (HSTs) on such efforts. Although some reports of host resistance exist in a few crops, resistant germplasm and knowledge about resistance mechanisms are limited. Some studies have suggested the involvement of HSTs in disease development, including the upregulation of resistance-related proteins in susceptible reactions and the recessive nature of resistance. In light of this, host resistance may not be achieved through commonly used dominant R-genes.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking soil adsorption-desorption characteristics with grain zinc concentrations and uptake by teff, wheat and maize in different landscape positions in Ethiopia","authors":"Mesfin K. Desta, Martin R. Broadley, Steve P. McGrath, Javier Hernandez-Allica, Kirsty L. Hassall, Samuel Gameda, Tilahun Amede, Stephan M. Haefele","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1285880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1285880","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Zinc deficiencies are widespread in many soils, limiting crop growth and contributing to Zn deficiencies in human diets. This study aimed at understanding soil factors influencing grain Zn concentrations and uptake of crops grown in different landscape positions in West Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods On-farm experiments were conducted in three landscape positions, with five farmers’ fields as replicates in each landscape position, and at three sites. Available Zn from the soil (Mehlich 3, M3, Zn) and applied fertilizer (NET_FERT Zn, estimated based on adsorption/desorption characteristics and applied Zn) were related to the actual grain Zn concentration and uptake of teff, wheat, and maize. Zinc fertilizer treatments tested were Zn applied at planting (basal), basal plus side dressing and a control with no Zn applied. Results Zn treatments had a significant effect on grain Zn concentration (increase by up to 10%) but the effect on grain yield was variable. Differences in crop Zn concentrations along the landscape positions were observed but not at all sites and crops. Trial results showed that soils with higher soil pH and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) (typical of footslope landscape positions) tended to adsorb more applied Zn (reduce NET_FERT Zn) than soils with lower soil pH and SOC (typical of upslope landscape positions). Zn availability indicators (M3, NET_FERT Zn, clay%) explained 14-52% of the observed variation in grain Zn concentrations, whereas macronutrient indicators (Total N, exchangeable K) together with M3 Zn were better in predicting grain Zn uptake (16 to 32% explained variability). Maize had the lowest grain Zn concentrations but the highest grain Zn uptake due to high yields. Conclusion We found that the sum of indigenous and fertilizer Zn significantly affects grain Zn loadings of cereals and that the associated soil parameters differ between and within landscape positions. Therefore, knowledge of soil properties and crop characteristics helps to understand where agronomic biofortification can be effective.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in weed management","authors":"Bhagirath Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1328082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1328082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139283000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side-effects of laser weeding: quantifying off-target risks to earthworms (Enchytraeids) and insects (Tenebrio molitor and Adalia bipunctata)","authors":"Christian Andreasen, Eleni Vlassi, Kenneth S. Johannsen, Signe M. Jensen","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1198840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1198840","url":null,"abstract":"With challenges posed by chemical and mechanical weed control, there are now several research and commercial projects underway to develop autonomous vehicles equipped with lasers to control weeds in field crops. Recognition systems based on artificial intelligence have been developed to locate and identify small weed seedlings, and mirrors can direct a laser beam towards the target to kill the weed with heat. Unlike chemical and mechanical weed control, laser weeding only exposes a small area of the field for the treatment. Laser weeding leaves no chemicals in the field after the treatment or does not move the soil which may harm crop roots and non-target organisms. Yet, it is well-known that laser beams can harm living organisms; the effect on the environment and fauna should be studied before laser weeding becomes a common practice. This project aimed to study the effect of laser on some living non-target organisms. We investigated the effect of laser treatment on the mortality of two species of earthworms ( Enchytraeus albidus and Enchytraeus crypticus ), larvae, pupas, and beetles of yellow mealworm beetles ( Tenebrio molitor ) and the two-spotted lady beetle ( Adalia bipunctata ) for increasing dosages of laser energy. In all earthworms experiments except one, the mortality rates of the worms living in the uppermost soil layer of clay, sandy, and organic soil exposed to laser heating were not significantly different from the controls even with laser dosages up to 236 J mm -2 . Laser doses sufficient to kill plants were lethal to the insects, and lower doses that did not kill plants, killed or harmed the insects across all life stages tested. The larger beetles survived higher doses than smaller. Laser weeding is a relatively new technology and not yet widely practiced or commercialized. Therefore, we do not discuss and compare the costs of the different weeding methods at this early stage of the development of the technology.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Compaction, aeration, and addition of mycotoxin contaminated silage alters the fermentation profile, mycotoxin content, and aerobic stability of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) silage","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1323830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1323830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Biological characteristics, impacts, and management of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in faba bean (Vicia faba): a review","authors":"Takele Negewo, Seid Ahmed, Taye Tessema, Tamado Tana","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1236921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1236921","url":null,"abstract":"Crenate broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal belong to family Orobanchaceae. It is a root holo-parasitic weed that devoid of chlorophyll and entirely dependent on host plants for its growth requirement. The parasite considerably infects plant species of Leguminosae, Apiaceae and Asteraceae families in highly infested drier and warmer areas of the world. It is well known for its devastating effects on cool-season food legumes especially on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and threatening livelihood of subsistence farmers. Infected crop yield losses reach up to 100% depending on level of infection by the parasitic weed. Long-term impact of the parasite is even more serious than its short-term effects since its numerous minute seeds easily spread using different mechanisms and persist in soil up to 20 years. Besides, its management is difficult as no single method proved effective, economical and complete in managing the weed. This review paper gives an overview information on biological characteristics and harmful effects of crenate broomrape, and summarizes scientifically proven management techniques for its effective management. Different approaches should be validated, demonstrated and scaled for wider uses to manage crenate broomrape sustainably and boost the host crop productivity. Therefore, besides narrowing the knowledge gaps on the weed biology more strengthened efforts in searching for host plant resistance and/or tolerance based integrated management approaches by considering socio-economic and ecological conditions of faba bean growers are found paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can salt-adapted microorganisms alleviate salt stress in plants and enhance their non-specific resilience?","authors":"Saubenova Margarita, Maksimovich Sviatoslav, Oleinikova Yelena, Yelubaeva Makhpal","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1287108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1287108","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change presents various challenges to agricultural biotechnology in developing crops with increased resilience to various adverse natural conditions. Given the importance of this problem, we explored the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance and the role of plant-associated microbes, in mediating important physiological and metabolic processes that increase plant resistance to salt stress. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses of the entire plant holobiont, primarily including microorganisms, to the combination of abiotic stresses may be the key to developing more effective methods of combating various stress conditions and increasing agricultural efficiency. This work encompassed 86 peer-reviewed articles focused on various aspects of plant development in saline conditions and especially on key mechanisms of mitigating stress conditions, including the role of rhizobiome and endophytic microorganisms. It is shown that host plants and various microorganisms can form complex relationships where each organism plays a specific role in forming tolerance to stress conditions. Our review proposes that studying microorganisms that are resistant to soil salinity can lead to the development of new strategies to combat salinization and improve crop stress resistance. The paper concludes that using salt-adapted biostimulant microorganisms, which are natural components of agricultural plant microbiomes, is a highly promising research area.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicide programs, cropping sequences, and tillage-types: a systems approach for managing Amaranthus palmeri in dicamba-resistant cotton","authors":"Rohith Vulchi, Scott Nolte, Joshua McGinty, Benjamin McKnight","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1277054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1277054","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide-resistant Amaranthus palmeri poses a significant threat to cotton production in the US. Tillage, cover crops, crop rotations, and dicamba-based herbicide programs can individually provide effective control of A. palmeri , but there is a lack of research evaluating the above tactics in a system for its long-term management. Field trials were conducted near College Station and Thrall, TX (2019–2021) to evaluate the efficacy of dicamba-based herbicide programs under multiple cropping sequences and tillage types in a systems approach for A. palmeri control in dicamba-resistant cotton. The experimental design used was a split–split plot design. The main plots were no-till cover cropping, strip tillage, and conventional tillage. The subplots were cotton:cotton:cotton (CCC) and cotton:sorghum:cotton (CSC) sequences for 3 years within each tillage type, and sub-subplots were a weedy check (WC), a weed-free check (WF), a low-input program without residual herbicides (LI), and a high-input program with residual herbicides (HI). Using HI under the CSC sequence was the only system that provided >90% control of A. palmeri for 3 years across all tillage types and locations. By 2021, A. palmeri densities in the CSC sequence at College Station (4,156 plants ha −1 ) and Thrall (4,006 plants ha −1 ) are significantly low compared to the CCC sequence (31,364 and 9,867 plants ha −1 , respectively) when averaged across other factors. Similarly, A. palmeri densities in HI at College Station (9,867 plants ha −1 ) and Thrall (1,016 plants ha −1 ) are significantly low compared to LI (25,653 and 13,365 plants ha −1 , respectively) when averaged across other factors. We also observed that the CSC sequence reduced A. palmeri seed bank by at least 40% compared to the CCC sequence at both College Station and Thrall when averaged across other factors. Over 3 years, we did not observe significant differences between LI and HI for cotton yields at College Station (1,715–3,636 kg ha −1 ) and Thrall (1,569−1,989 kg ha −1 ). However, rotating cotton with sorghum during 2020 improved cotton yields by 39% under no-till cover cropping in 2021 at Thrall. These results indicate that using dicamba-based herbicide programs with residual herbicides and implementing crop rotations can effectively manage A. palmeri in terms of seasonal control, densities, and seed bank buildup across tillage types and environments.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biostimulant raw materials on soybean (Glycine max) crop, when applied alone or in combination with herbicides","authors":"Giulia Franzoni, Roberta Bulgari, Francesco Elia Florio, Enrico Gozio, Daniele Villa, Giacomo Cocetta, Antonio Ferrante","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1238273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1238273","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Biostimulants exert positive functions in plants, improving yield and quality, and alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Among them, the application of herbicides may cause damage to nontarget plants. At present, limited information is available regarding the interaction between biostimulants and herbicides. Methods The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of an herbicide’s mixture (Harmony ® 50 SX ® + Tuareg ® + Zetrola ® ), used in combination with several biostimulant raw materials (BRM), on the agronomic and physiologic characteristics of soybean. The experiments were conducted in two seasons, 2020 and 2021, applying the herbicides mixture alone or associated with 10 BRM. Results Differences emerged between the two years, considering nitrate, total sugars concentration, flavonol, and chlorophyll a fluorescence-related parameters. Chlorophyll content significantly declined (−45% in 2020) in plants treated with the herbicides mixture alone but, in combination with potassium silicate, the chlorophyll values were restored to control levels. The same positive effect observed in response to the combination of potassium silicate and the herbicide mixture has been confirmed in the second year of experiment. At the same time, chlorophyll content and Nitrogen Index were positively increased (up to 8% and 30%, respectively) depending on the application of some BRM and the year. A significant effect of biostimulants on yield was confirmed by the application of Ascophyllum nodosum (+16%) and humic acids (+7%), in 2020. However, the combined use with the herbicides nullifies the increase. Discussion The results obtained from these experiments support the use of biostimulants in improving specific quality traits (chlorophyll content, leaves nitrogen status, and secondary metabolites accumulation). At the same time, the potential use of biostimulants in combination with herbicides needs to be further explored since of external factors (environment, year…) still have a strong effect on their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}