I. Tuzov, D. Andrés, Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia, Carles Hernández
{"title":"BAFFI: a bit-accurate fault injector for improved dependability assessment of FPGA prototypes","authors":"I. Tuzov, D. Andrés, Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia, Carles Hernández","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137300","url":null,"abstract":"FPGA-based fault injection (FFI) is an indispensable technique for verification and dependability assessment of FPGA designs and prototypes. Existing FFI tools make use of Xilinx essential bits technology to locate the relevant fault targets in FPGA configuration memory (CM). Most FFI tools treat essential bits as black-box, while few of them are able to filter essential bits on the area basis in order to selectively target design components contained within the predefined Pblocks. This approach, however, remains insufficiently precise since the granularity of Pblocks in practice does not reach the smallest design components. This paper proposes an open-source FFI tool that enables much more fine-grained FFI experiments for Xilinx 7-series and Ultrascale+ FPGAs. By mapping the essential bits with the hierarchical netlist, it allows to precisely target any component in the design tree, up to an individual LUT or register, without the need for defining Pblocks (floorplanning). With minimal experimental effort it estimates the contribution of each DUT component into the resulting dependability features, and discovers weak points of the DUT. Through case studies we show how the proposed tool can be applied to different kinds of DUTs: from small-footprint microcontrollers, up to multicore RISC-V SoC. The correctness of FFI results is validated by means of RT-level and gate-level simulation-based fault injection.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APUF Production Line Faults: Uniqueness and Testing","authors":"Y. Wei, Wenjing Rao, N. Devroye","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137226","url":null,"abstract":"Arbiter Physically Unclonable Functions (APUFs) are low-cost hardware security primitives that may serve as unique digital fingerprints for ICs. To fulfill this role, it is critical for manufacturers to ensure that a batch of PUFs coming off the same design and production line have different truth tables, and uniqueness / inter-PUF-distance metrics have been defined to measure this. This paper points out that a widely-used uniqueness metric fails to capture some special cases, which we remedy by proposing a modified uniqueness metric. We then look at two fundamental APUF-native production line fault models that severely affect uniqueness: the $mu$ (abnormal mean of a delay difference element) and (abnormal variance of a delay difference element) faults. We propose test and diagnosis methods aimed at these two APUF production line faults, and show that these low-cost techniques can efficiently and effectively detect such faults, and pinpoint the element of abnormality, without the (costly) need to directly measure the uniqueness metric of a PUF batch.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121571336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoomeh Karami, Sajad Shahsavari, E. Immonen, M. Haghbayan, J. Plosila
{"title":"A Coupled Battery State-of-Charge and Voltage Model for Optimal Control Applications","authors":"Masoomeh Karami, Sajad Shahsavari, E. Immonen, M. Haghbayan, J. Plosila","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137028","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal control of electric vehicle (EV) batteries for maximal energy efficiency, safety and lifespan requires that the Battery Management System (BMS) has accurate real-time information on both the battery State-of-Charge (SoC) and its dynamics, i.e. long-term and short-term energy supply capacity, at all times. However, these quantities cannot be measured directly from the battery, and, in practice, only SoC estimation is typically carried out. In this article, we propose a novel parametric algebraic voltage model coupled to the well-known Manwell-McGowan dynamic Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM), which is able to predict both battery SoC dynamics and its electrical response. Numerical simulations, based on laboratory measurements, are presented for prismatic Lithium-Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery cells. Such cells are prime candidates for modern heavy offroad EV applications.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127343109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harsh Sharma, Sumit K. Mandal, J. Doppa, Ümit Y. Ogras, P. Pande
{"title":"Achieving Datacenter-scale Performance through Chiplet-based Manycore Architectures","authors":"Harsh Sharma, Sumit K. Mandal, J. Doppa, Ümit Y. Ogras, P. Pande","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137125","url":null,"abstract":"Chiplet-based 2.5D systems that integrate multiple smaller chips on a single die are gaining popularity for executing both compute-and data-intensive applications. While smaller chips (chiplets) reduce fabrication costs, they also provide less functionality. Hence, manufacturing several smaller chiplets and combining them into a single system enables the functionality of a larger monolithic chip without prohibitive fabrication costs. The chiplets are connected through the network-on-interposer (NoP). Designing a high-performance and energy-efficient NoP architecture is essential as it enables large-scale chiplet integration. This paper highlights the challenges and existing solutions for designing suitable NoP architectures targeted for 2.5D systems catered to datacenter-scale applications. We also highlight the future research challenges stemming from the current state-of-the-art to make the NoP-based 2.5D systems widely applicable.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Tan, Linbo Long, Renping Liu, Congming Gao, Yi Jiang, Yan Liu
{"title":"Optimizing Data Migration for Garbage Collection in ZNS SSDs","authors":"Z. Tan, Linbo Long, Renping Liu, Congming Gao, Yi Jiang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137231","url":null,"abstract":"ZNS SSDs shift the responsibility of garbage collection (GC) to the host. However, data migration in GC needs to move data to the host's buffer first and write back to the new location, resulting in an unnecessary end-to-end transfer overhead. Moreover, due to the pre-configured mapping between zones and blocks, GC needs to perform a large number of unnecessary block-to-block data migrations between zones. To address these issues, this paper proposes a simple and efficient data migration method, called IS-AR, with in-storage data migration and address remapping. Based on a full-stack SSD emulator, our evaluation shows that IS-AR reduces GC latency by 6.78× and improves SSD lifetime by 1.17× on average.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130385544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Abella, Jon Pérez, Cristofer Englund, Bahram Zonooz, Gabriele Giordana, Carlo Donzella, F. Cazorla, E. Mezzetti, Isabel Serra, Axel Brando, Irune Agirre, Fernando Eizaguirre, Thanh Hai Bui, E. Arani, F. Sarfraz, Ajay Balasubramaniam, Ahmed Badar, I. Bloise, L. Feruglio, Ilaria Cinelli, Davide Brighenti, Davide Cunial
{"title":"SAFEXPLAIN: Safe and Explainable Critical Embedded Systems Based on AI","authors":"J. Abella, Jon Pérez, Cristofer Englund, Bahram Zonooz, Gabriele Giordana, Carlo Donzella, F. Cazorla, E. Mezzetti, Isabel Serra, Axel Brando, Irune Agirre, Fernando Eizaguirre, Thanh Hai Bui, E. Arani, F. Sarfraz, Ajay Balasubramaniam, Ahmed Badar, I. Bloise, L. Feruglio, Ilaria Cinelli, Davide Brighenti, Davide Cunial","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137128","url":null,"abstract":"Deep Learning (DL) techniques are at the heart of most future advanced software functions in Critical Autonomous AI-based Systems (CAIS), where they also represent a major competitive factor. Hence, the economic success of CAIS industries (e.g., automotive, space, railway) depends on their ability to design, implement, qualify, and certify DL-based software products under bounded effort/cost. However, there is a fundamental gap between Functional Safety (FUSA) requirements on CAIS and the nature of DL solutions. This gap stems from the development process of DL libraries and affects high-level safety concepts such as (1) explainability and traceability, (2) suitability for varying safety requirements, (3) FUSA-compliant implementations, and (4) real-time constraints. As a matter of fact, the data-dependent and stochastic nature of DL algorithms clashes with current FUSA practice, which instead builds on deterministic, verifiable, and pass/fail test-based software. The SAFEXPLAIN project tackles these challenges and targets by providing a flexible approach to allow the certification - hence adoption - of DL-based solutions in CAIS building on: (1) DL solutions that provide end-to-end traceability, with specific approaches to explain whether predictions can be trusted and strategies to reach (and prove) correct operation, in accordance to certification standards; (2) alternative and increasingly sophisticated design safety patterns for DL with varying criticality and fault tolerance requirements; (3) DL library implementations that adhere to safety requirements; and (4) computing platform configurations, to regain determinism, and probabilistic timing analyses, to handle the remaining non-determinism.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Efficient Fault Injection Algorithm for Identifying Unimportant FFs in Approximate Computing Circuits","authors":"Jiaxuan Lu, Yutaka Masuda, T. Ishihara","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137272","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate Computing (AC) saves energy and improves performance by introducing approximation into computation in error-torrent applications. This work focuses on an AC strategy that accurately performs important computations and approximates others. In order to determine which calculations are unimportant, we propose a novel importance evaluation algorithm, in which the key idea is a two-step fault injection to extract the near-optimal set of unimportant flip-flops in the circuit. The proposed algorithm reduces the complexity of architecture exploration from an exponential order to a linear order with-out understanding the functionality and behavior of the target application program.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora Sperling, Alex Bendrick, Dominik Stöhrmann, Rolf Ernst, Bryan Donyanavard, F. Maurer, Oliver Lenke, A. Surhonne, A. Herkersdorf, Walaa Amer, Caio Batista de Melo, Ping-Xiang Chen, Quang Anh Hoang, Rachid Karami, Biswadip Maity, Paul Nikolian, Mariam Rakka, Dongjoo Seo, Saehanseul Yi, Minjun Seo, N. Dutt, Fadi J. Kurdahi
{"title":"Information Processing Factory 2.0 - Self-awareness for Autonomous Collaborative Systems","authors":"Nora Sperling, Alex Bendrick, Dominik Stöhrmann, Rolf Ernst, Bryan Donyanavard, F. Maurer, Oliver Lenke, A. Surhonne, A. Herkersdorf, Walaa Amer, Caio Batista de Melo, Ping-Xiang Chen, Quang Anh Hoang, Rachid Karami, Biswadip Maity, Paul Nikolian, Mariam Rakka, Dongjoo Seo, Saehanseul Yi, Minjun Seo, N. Dutt, Fadi J. Kurdahi","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the talks of a special session on the IPF 2.0 project, a collaborative German-US research project that leverages self-awareness principles for the self-management of distributed systems of autonomous multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs).","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha Shahroodi, Raphael Cardoso, Mahdi Zahedi, Stephan Wong, A. Bosio, Ian O’Connor, S. Hamdioui
{"title":"Lightspeed Binary Neural Networks using Optical Phase-Change Materials","authors":"Taha Shahroodi, Raphael Cardoso, Mahdi Zahedi, Stephan Wong, A. Bosio, Ian O’Connor, S. Hamdioui","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137229","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the potential of a compute-in-memory core based on optical Phase Change Materials (oPCMs) to speed up and reduce the energy consumption of the Matrix-Matrix-Multiplication operation. The paper also proposes a new data mapping for Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) tailored for our oPCM core. The preliminary results show a significant latency improvement irrespective of the evaluated network structure and size. The improvement varies from network to network and goes up to ~1053x.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114072886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Turetta, Geri Skenderi, Luigi Capogrosso, Florenc Demrozi, Philipp H. Kindt, Alejandro Masrur, F. Fummi, M. Cristani, G. Pravadelli
{"title":"Towards Deep Learning-based Occupancy Detection Via WiFi Sensing in Unconstrained Environments","authors":"Cristian Turetta, Geri Skenderi, Luigi Capogrosso, Florenc Demrozi, Philipp H. Kindt, Alejandro Masrur, F. Fummi, M. Cristani, G. Pravadelli","doi":"10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137260","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of smart buildings and smart cities, the design of low-cost and privacy-aware solutions for recognizing the presence of humans and their activities is becoming of great interest. Existing solutions exploiting wearables and video-based systems have several drawbacks, such as high cost, low usability, poor portability, and privacy-related issues. Consequently, more ubiquitous and accessible solutions, such as WiFi sensing, became the focus of attention. However, at the current state-of-the-art, WiFi sensing is subject to low accuracy and poor generalization, primarily affected by environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature variations, and furniture position changes. Such is-sues are partially solved at the cost of complex data preprocessing pipelines. In this paper, we present a highly accurate, resource-efficient deep learning-based occupancy detection solution, which is resilient to variations in humidity and temperature. The approach is tested on an extensive benchmark, where people are free to move and the furniture layout does change. In addition, based on a consolidated algorithm of explainable AI, we quantify the importance of the WiFi signal w.r.t. humidity and temperature for the proposed approach. Notably, humidity and temperature can indeed be predicted based on WiFi signals; this promotes the expressivity of the WiFi signal and at the same time the need for a non-linear model to properly deal with it.","PeriodicalId":340349,"journal":{"name":"2023 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122687565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}