Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and radiographic outcomes of allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction in revision total elbow arthroplasty with significant bone loss: a systematic review.","authors":"Andrew H A Kaiser, Victoria E Bindi, Kevin A Hao, Keegan M Hones, Jonathan O Wright, Joseph J King, Timothy R Buchanan","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.01067","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.01067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is increasingly performed for complex elbow pathology, yet revision procedures remain challenging due to high complication rates and limited bone stalk. While TEA may produce satisfactory functional outcomes for select patients, it is often burdened by high complication rates, necessitating revision TEA, often with extensive bone loss. Among available reconstructive strategies, allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction has emerged as a possible technique; however, reported outcomes remain heterogeneous. This systematic review aims to characterize the use and outcomes of APC reconstruction in revision TEA for patients with significant bone loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify clinical studies of revision TEA performed with an APC published between inception of each database and 2023. Outcomes of interest were patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), range of motion (ROM), radiographic outcomes, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included five studies that reported on 85 elbows with APC TEA revisions for extensive bone loss. PROMs and ROM were reported for 70 elbows, yielding a mean postoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 64 points and an active elbow arc of 24°-120°. The complication rate across 85 elbows was 38.8% (33 elbows). The graft-host junction non-union rates of humeral and ulnar allografts were 40% (20 elbows) and 16% (5 elbows), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>APC provides a salvage option in revision TEA with severe bone loss but is associated with high complication and non-union rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146182809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of patch augmentation in a rotator cuff repair model using a porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendon: influence of knot tying and time-zero stability.","authors":"Sung-Min Rhee, Chul-Hyun Cho, Minsung Kim, Hyo-Young Lee, Ji Hwan Kim, Yeon Soo Lee, Chris Hyunchul Jo","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00164","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates the biomechanical effects of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patch augmentation in a rotator cuff repair model and determines the effect of medial knot tying on time-zero stability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A biomechanical study was conducted using a porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendon model. Eighteen specimens were assigned to three groups: non-patched repair with medial row knot tying (n=5), patch-augmented repair without medial row knot tying (n=4), and patch-augmented repair with medial row knot tying (n=4). All repairs were performed using a standardized double-row suture bridge technique. Biomechanical testing assessed elongation, strain, load to failure, and construct stiffness at time zero.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patch augmentation without medial row knot tying resulted in significantly greater tendon elongation (12.9±6.5 mm) than nonpatched repairs (5.0±5.3 mm, P=0.016) and patch-augmented repairs with medial row knot tying (4.4±4.4 mm, P=0.027). Similarly, strain was significantly higher in the patch-augmented group without medial knot tying (75.8%±42.9%) than in the non-patched repair (35.2%±38.9%, P=0.028) and patch-augmented repair with medial knot tying groups (29.1%±28.9%, P=0.052). However, load to failure did not differ significantly among the groups (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADM patch augmentation did not enhance time-zero mechanical strength in the tested conditions, though biomechanical advantages might emerge after integration to the tendon. In addition, patch augmentation without medial row knot tying showed the highest elongation and strain among groups, potentially reducing the stability of the repair. Level of evidence: V, controlled laboratory study.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"464-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does acromioplasty enhance arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.","authors":"Muhammad Baig, Kunal Mohan, P Groarke, H Mullet","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00458","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acromioplasty is frequently performed during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) to address subacromial impingement, though its clinical value remains debated. This meta-analysis examines whether acromioplasty improves functional outcomes, pain relief, or re-tear rates in patients undergoing ARCR for full-thickness rotator cuff tears.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2011 to 2023. Six RCTs comparing ARCR with and without acromioplasty were included. Primary outcomes included functional scores of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, University of California, Los Angeles scores, pain levels (visual analog scale [VAS]), and re-tear rates. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 574 patients, both groups demonstrated improvement in functional outcomes. The acromioplasty group showed a modest advantage (e.g., ASES score: mean difference, 2.93), but these gains did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference. There were no significant differences in pain relief (as measured by VAS) or re-tear rates between groups. The risk of bias was moderate in some trials due to a lack of blinding. GRADE assessment rated evidence as high for ASES scores and moderate for other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acromioplasty offers statistically modest improvements in shoulder function but does not meaningfully enhance pain relief or reduce re-tear rates. Given these findings, the routine use of acromioplasty in ARCR is not supported; however, select patients may benefit based on individual anatomical or clinical factors. Level of evidence: I.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with manipulation under anesthesia yields similar clinical outcomes to isolated rotator cuff repair and is associated with lower retear rates in medium-sized tears.","authors":"Yutaka Kinoshita, Yoshitsugu Takeda, Koji Fujii, Naoto Suzue, Yoshiteru Kawasaki, Junichiro Sumitomo, Kenichiro Kita, Yugen Fujii, Koichi Sairyo","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00619","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) without arthroscopic capsular release in patients with preoperative stiffness undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) remains unclear. Additionally, the association between shoulder stiffness and tendon healing after ARCR is still controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and retear rates between patients with preoperative stiffness treated by MUA alone and those without stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 322 patients who underwent ARCR for full-thickness tears between January 2012 and May 2022 with a minimum 2 years of follow-up. Clinical outcomes-including passive range of motion (ROM); the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score; and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score-were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into the stiffness group (MUA completed) and the non-stiffness group. Retears were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months postoperatively, and retear rates were analyzed by tear size (medium vs. large/massive).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-eight patients with stiffness and 234 without stiffness met the study inclusion criteria. Preoperative ROM, JOA, and UCLA scores were significantly lower in the stiffness group. Both groups showed significant improvements at final follow-up, with greater gains in the stiffness group. Final outcomes were comparable, except for external rotation. In medium-sized tears, the retear rate was significantly lower in the stiffness group (1.9%) than in the non-stiffness group (10.8%) (P=0.042). No significant difference was observed for large/massive tears.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with preoperative stiffness treated with MUA alone achieved comparable outcomes to those without stiffness, with improved tendon healing in medium-sized tears. Level of evidence: III.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"421-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dermal allograft patch cushioning augmentation in large rotator cuff repair.","authors":"Eugene Baek, Hyun Gon Kim, Jong Hyun Lee, Seung Jin Yoo, Je Hyeong Jo, Su Cheol Kim, Jae Chul Yoo","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00311","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In large posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, retear is more likely due to factors such as poor tendon quality, tendon loss, incomplete footprint coverage, and incomplete repair. To reduce the retear rate and promote healing, various strategies have been explored, including augmentation using a human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) allograft patch. However, the traditional patch augmentation with a suture-bridge configuration is complicated and time consuming. Another method to alleviate impingement between the repaired tendon and acromion, similar to the ballooning effect in the subacromial space, is the acromiograft technique. However, a thin acromion may lead to fractures, and such a graft is less likely to incorporate with the repaired tendon. To address these concerns, we developed a new technique that enhances healing through direct contact with the repaired tendon, alleviates impingement with a spacer effect, and simplifies the procedure while ensuring adequate medial coverage including the musculotendinous junction. This article describes our \"patch cushioning technique\" using an HADM allograft. The present report provides a purely technical description of the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"489-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation combined with rotator cuff repair.","authors":"Hyuk-Joon Sohn, Chul-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.01102","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.01102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"401-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcomes of cubital tunnel decompression in diabetic patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.","authors":"Roban Shabbir, Simran Shamith, Paulo E L Parente, Luke Nicholson, Azad Ali","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00801","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cubital tunnel release (CuTR) relieves ulnar nerve compression; however, about 35% of patients who undergo this procedure develop persistent neuropathy and about 7% require revision. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worsens ulnar neuropathy, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may be neuroprotective. We compared short- (90-day) and mid-term (2-year) CuTR outcomes in diabetic patients who did or did not receive perioperative GLP-1 RA treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TriNetX identified adults (≥18 years) with T2DM who underwent primary CuTR during the period 2015-2023, and who underwent at least 2 years of follow-up. The experimental cohort had received an active GLP-1 RA prescription at surgery, while the controls had not. Exclusion criteria were T1DM, pancreatitis, multiple endocrine neoplasia 2, systemic steroids, end-stage renal disease, or prior major CuTR. Propensity-score matching (1:1) balanced demographics, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, and comorbidities. Outcomes were captured using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 1,766 pairs of patients (mean age, 58 years; 46% female) were analyzed. At 90 days, fewer GLP-1 RA users had emergency-department visits than non-users (8.9% vs. 10.7%, P=0.048). Despite higher HbA1c at each timepoint, GLP-1 RA users showed a larger decline. At 2 years, GLP-1 RA exposure was associated with fewer reoperations (5.2% vs. 6.9%, P=0.028), less frequent neuropathy (23.4% vs. 30.4%, P<0.001), and fewer inpatient admissions (14.6% vs. 17.2%, P=0.030). Major medical complications did not differ in occurrence between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perioperative GLP-1 RA therapy in diabetic patients undergoing CuTR correlated with fewer 90-day emergency visits and lower 2-year risks of revisional surgery and ICD-coded ulnar neuropathy (all-cause, non-adjudicated).. These findings support a potential protective role of GLP-1 RAs in this surgical population. Evidence: III.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolotherapy is not superior to control or placebo-based conservative treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Napatpong Thamrongskulsiri, Timporn Vitoonpong, Thun Itthipanichpong, Danaithep Limskul, Thanathep Tanpowpong, Somsak Kuptniratsaikul","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00570","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of prolotherapy compared to control or placebo-based treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus was conducted up to April 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical studies comparing prolotherapy with control or placebo treatments and evaluating outcomes such as pain, function, and range of motion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies involving 431 participants met the inclusion criteria. Patient-reported outcomes, including pain visual analog scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, showed no statistically significant differences between prolotherapy and controls. Prolotherapy demonstrated a small but statistically significant improvement in shoulder abduction (mean difference, 7.08°; 95% CI, 2.49°-11.66°). Other range of motion measures, such as forward flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation, showed no significant differences. Radiographic outcomes, including tendon thickness and elasticity, suggested potential structural benefits but did not consistently translate to clinical improvements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolotherapy is not superior to control treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy. While it offers minor gains in shoulder abduction, its clinical benefits are limited. Level of evidence: III.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"446-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does computer navigation improve patient outcomes compared to conventional techniques in total shoulder arthroplasty? A single-surgeon experience.","authors":"Craig M Ball","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00689","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Successful total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) relies on accurate placement of implants, which is difficult in the setting of bone loss or deformity. Technologies are becoming available to provide intraoperative assistance to better execute the preoperative plan. The purpose of this study was to compare patient outcomes following TSA utilizing either computer navigation or conventional techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective review included 180 Primary Exactech TSA cases with a minimum 2-year follow-up. There were 40 anatomic (12 non-navigated, 28 navigated) and 140 reverse (80 non-navigated; 60 navigated) TSA procedures. Patient groups were similar in age, sex, side involved, and prior surgery. Patient-reported outcome measures, complications, revisions, and reoperations were assessed and compared between non-navigated and conventional groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of available patients, the navigated anatomic cohort had statistically significant improvements compared to the non-navigated cohort in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Oxford, and pain scores. For the navigated reverse cohort, significant improvements were seen in Oxford score. In multivariate analysis, all outcomes favored the navigated cohorts, with ASES, Oxford, and patient function scores reaching statistical significance. Complications occurred more frequently in the non-navigated reverse cohort. Revisions and/or reoperations were more frequent in non-navigated shoulders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of computer navigation in TSA may be associated with decreased complication rates and improved patient outcomes, a benefit to surgeons and their patients. However, the lack of radiographic assessment is a limitation, and as with all new technology, further research with longer follow-up is needed to fully define the role of navigation in TSA. Level of evidence: III.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"411-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologic features of idiopathic pre-osteoarthritic posterior subluxation of the humeral head.","authors":"Matthew T Kingery, Mark A Pianka, Andrew Brash, Joseph D Zuckerman, Mandeep Virk","doi":"10.5397/cise.2025.00465","DOIUrl":"10.5397/cise.2025.00465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-osteoarthritic posterior subluxation of the humeral head (PPSHH), also referred to as a Walch B0 glenoid, is characterized by pathologic posterior subluxation of the humeral head without degenerative bony changes on plain radiographs. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging findings of PPSHH and to assess the relationship between glenoid retroversion and HH subluxation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective case series of patients with symptomatic PPSHH. Retroversion was measured on magnetic resonance imaging based on both Friedman's line and the scapular axis line. HH subluxation was measured based on the glenohumeral index (GHI) and the scapulohumeral index (SHI). The relationship between retroversion and HH subluxation was evaluated. The difference in glenoid cartilage thickness between the anterior and posterior aspects of the glenoid was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients were included (mean age, 34.0±4.7 years). Mean retroversion was 17.2°±5.8° based on Friedman's line and 14.0°±5.6° based on scapular axis line. Mean HH subluxation was 63.7%±6.2% based on GHI and 77.5%±9.9% based on SHI. Cartilage thickness was less in the posterior glenoid compared to anterior glenoid, and all patients had selective chondral wear on the posterior glenoid with a posterior labral tear. There was a direct relationship between the degree of glenoid retroversion and HH subluxation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPSHH is characterized by posterior glenoid chondral thinning and posterior labral tears in the setting of HH subluxation without erosive osseous changes. This pathology can present with varying degrees of retroversion and HH subluxation, and increasing retroversion is associated with more severe subluxation. Level of evidence: IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":33981,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"28 4","pages":"429-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}