Journal of Languages and Language Teaching最新文献

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The Use of Digital English Textbooks: A Study on Comprehension and Language Production Abilities Among Young Learners 数字英语教材的使用:关于青少年学生理解能力和语言运用能力的研究
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10689
Thea Karuni Respati, Bayu Hendro Wicaksono, Estu Widodo
{"title":"The Use of Digital English Textbooks: A Study on Comprehension and Language Production Abilities Among Young Learners","authors":"Thea Karuni Respati, Bayu Hendro Wicaksono, Estu Widodo","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10689","url":null,"abstract":"The shift from traditional to digital textbooks in education brings both prospects and hurdles, especially in teaching English to young learners. Despite the widespread adoption of digital textbooks, their impact on students' language skills and teacher-student interaction needs more exploration. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate how digital textbooks affect English comprehension and production among young learners and teachers. The research conducted at SDS Islam Ar-Risalah Jember involved two teachers and eleven students, employing a descriptive qualitative method. Observations, interviews, and document analysis were utilized to gather data, analyzed through the Miles and Huberman method, pinpointing trends in digital textbook usage and understanding. Results suggest digital English textbooks significantly improve young learners' and teachers' English skills, enhancing speaking, reading, writing, and listening abilities. These resources offer a dynamic and interactive educational experience. However, transitioning to digital tools introduces challenges like infrastructural limitations and the need for teaching method adjustments. Addressing these issues is essential for fully leveraging digital textbooks in education. In conclusion, while digital textbooks can boost English language mastery among young learners and teachers, realizing this potential requires overcoming certain technological and pedagogical obstacles.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Students’ Perception on Utilizing Kahoot! as a Game-Based Student Response System for EFL Students 学生对将 Kahoot! 作为基于游戏的学生反应系统供英语语言学生使用的看法
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10333
Aditya Bima Kurniawan, Frida Unsiah, Khairil Azwar Razali
{"title":"Students’ Perception on Utilizing Kahoot! as a Game-Based Student Response System for EFL Students","authors":"Aditya Bima Kurniawan, Frida Unsiah, Khairil Azwar Razali","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10333","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of mobile devices has significantly enhanced the EFL learning process. To accomplish so, student response systems (SRS) are often utilized in large classroom to gather students’ responses immediately through wireless networking and facilitate the management and monitoring of learner engagement and comprehension. The objective of the current study is to investigate the perceptions of junior school EFL students regarding the utilization of Kahoot! as a Game-Based Student Response System (SRS). Sixty seven high school students attended an English lesson accompanied by Kahoot, an online game-based Student Response System. The researchers conducted interviews to investigate students' perceptions of the expectation, advantages, and disadvantages of utilizing Kahoot!. Furthermore, classroom observations were conducted to get more comprehensive information. The result showed that the participants experienced advantages of utilizing Kahoot, such as the materials are easier to understand, the activities are engaging to do, and the students’ motivation get increased. However, lack of device support, unstable internet connectivity, and focus distraction have become major challenges. It is implied that Kahoot! is recommended as a gamification to teach EFL students.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"18 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discourse Analysis of Fatwa Arguments in the Indonesian Ulema Council on Akidah and Religious Sects n 1975-2017 印度尼西亚乌里玛委员会关于阿基达和宗教教派的法特瓦论证的话语分析 n 1975-2017
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.9900
Muhammad Ridwan, Syamsul Hadi, Amir Ma'ruf
{"title":"Discourse Analysis of Fatwa Arguments in the Indonesian Ulema Council on Akidah and Religious Sects n 1975-2017","authors":"Muhammad Ridwan, Syamsul Hadi, Amir Ma'ruf","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.9900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.9900","url":null,"abstract":"Fatwas are a form of persuasive argumentative discourse. This paper aims to describe the superstructure and structure of fatwa arguments regarding Akidah and Religious Traditions. The source of this paper's data is all fatwas of the fatwa commission of the Indonesian ulema council from 1975 to 2017. The method used to collect data and manage data is the document method. Discourse analysis methods are used to analyze data. The discussion of superstructure aspects utilizes Ashqar theory (1976) while Walthon theory (2006) is used to examine the structure of fatwa argumentation. The superstructure aspect of fatwas is realized by the Fatwa Commission of the Indonesian Ulema Council differently. All fatwa texts have presented substantial elements but formal elements are not included. The structure of fatwa argumentation is understood by the format of the text. For fatwas in the format of decrees, premise markers are identified through the vocabulary of \"pay attention\", \"read\", \"weigh\", and \"remember\" while conclusion markers are presented with the vocabulary of \"decide\", \"establish\", and \"fatwa\". Directly formatted fatwa texts are identified through inference, but some texts lack a premise and inference structure.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Scrabble Games to Promote Vocabulary Achievement of Migrant Workers’ Children in Malaysia 拼字游戏对提高马来西亚外来务工人员子女词汇量的效果
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10478
Jonanda Wahyu Mahendra, Ana Maghfiroh, B. Harmanto, Dwi Hatmoko
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Scrabble Games to Promote Vocabulary Achievement of Migrant Workers’ Children in Malaysia","authors":"Jonanda Wahyu Mahendra, Ana Maghfiroh, B. Harmanto, Dwi Hatmoko","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10478","url":null,"abstract":"Vocabulary skill is crucial for every English as foreign language (EFL) learners as it forms the foundation for effective communication, comprehension, and overall language proficiency. However, Indonesian migrant workers’ children who attend school at PPWNI Klang that has only two teachers who are not experts in the field of English, resulting in a lack of enthusiasm among students to learn the language. The study aimed to examine whether the use of Scrabble games was effective in increasing students' vocabulary achievement or not. The research design was a pre-experimental research design, with one group pretest-posttest used by the researchers. The sample of the study was 21 students of grade 9 SMP PPWNI Klang Malaysia, selected using purposive sampling. The results of the pretest and posttest data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test through the SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference and effectiveness in learning outcomes after using the scrabble games method in learning English vocabulary. As the conclusion, a scrabble game is an effective strategy for teaching vocabulary especially to students facing various challenges, such as limited teacher resources and an unsupportive learning environment, they can be comfortable and motivated to continue learning due to the enjoyable game-based learning experience.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"93 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Study on University Students’ Self-Regulated Motivation to Improve EFL Speaking Skills Across Academic Levels 大学生在不同学术水平上提高 EFL 口语技能的自我调节动机研究
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10870
Silih Warni, Tri Wintolo Apoko, Martriwati Martriwati, Angsu-orn Na Nongkhai
{"title":"A Study on University Students’ Self-Regulated Motivation to Improve EFL Speaking Skills Across Academic Levels","authors":"Silih Warni, Tri Wintolo Apoko, Martriwati Martriwati, Angsu-orn Na Nongkhai","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10870","url":null,"abstract":"opportunities to speak English in class. Self-regulated learning enables some self-motivated students to find opportunities outside the classroom to have face to face and virtual interaction to enhance their English speaking. This study is intended to examine the level of self-regulated motivation of university students to improve their Speaking of English as a foreign language (SRMIS-EFL). Moreover, this study investigates if students' SRMIS-EFL differ accross academic levels. 156 EFL students from an English Department in a private university in Jakarta took part in this study. Self-reported SRMIS-EFL questionnaire was used as the data collecting method. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was then conducted. The findings showed that the overall SRMIS-ELF level of students was high. Moreover, students used various self-regulatory motivation strategies to enhance their EFL speaking skills. As for the aspect of academic level, the results of this study shows that SRMIS-EFL of senior students are lower than SRMIS-EFL of junior students , and there is a statistically significant difference of students’ SRMIS-EFL across academic levels. The findings of this study suggest the need for motivational regulation training into EFL programs to increase students’ awareness of motivational self-regulation strategies to enhance their self-regulated motivation.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TikTok Trick: Improving Students’ Pronunciation of Indonesian Migrant Workers Children in Malaysia TikTok Trick:提高马来西亚印尼外来务工人员子女学生的发音水平
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10869
Bella Sukma Suwanda, B. Harmanto, Ana Maghfiroh, Shohenuddin Shohenuddin
{"title":"TikTok Trick: Improving Students’ Pronunciation of Indonesian Migrant Workers Children in Malaysia","authors":"Bella Sukma Suwanda, B. Harmanto, Ana Maghfiroh, Shohenuddin Shohenuddin","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10869","url":null,"abstract":"Pronunciation is the most important thing that non-native speakers must deal with when learning a foreign language. The purpose of this research is to improve students’ English pronunciation by using TikTok media. The research method was classroom action research with tests at the end of each cycle. It was conducted in grades IV at Sanggar Bimbingan Sentul, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, for the 2022 academic year. This classroom action research consisted of two cycles with four stages that were planning, action, observation, and reflection. The learning media used was video taken from the TikTok account @learnenglishwithcamille. The results showed that students’ English pronunciation increased after using TikTok media. This can be seen from the results of observations at cycle 1 reached 45% in the “enough” category, 55% reached the “good” category, and increased at cycle 2 to 40% students in the category “very good”, 45% in the category “good”, and 15% in the category “enough”. In conclusion, TikTok media can improve students’ English, especially in terms of English pronunciation. The implication of the study is that students enjoy learning pronunciation with TikTok media and well improved.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"94 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooperative Learning Using Canva to Boost Speaking Activities in a Primary School 利用 Canva 促进小学演讲活动的合作学习
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10455
Riza Mafiroh, Sheila Agustina, F. Megawati, Yupha Phumphanit
{"title":"Cooperative Learning Using Canva to Boost Speaking Activities in a Primary School","authors":"Riza Mafiroh, Sheila Agustina, F. Megawati, Yupha Phumphanit","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10455","url":null,"abstract":"English is the world's international language and is recognised as one of the languages taught in many schools in certain countries even though English is not their first language. This also happened in Thailand, where English learning and teaching activities have been carried out for more than a century. This research aims to know how cooperative learning using Canva boost speaking activities in primary school. The researcher applies a qualitative case study design by collecting data using field notes, informal interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. The subjects of this research were English teacher and grade- -sixth students at Bannonkokkha School, Thailand. The research results show that most students gave positive feedback towards cooperative learning using Canva which was considered effective to boost speaking activities and increase social skills for students. Students feel happy, enjoy, and comfortable when the teacher applies cooperative learning since students can create positive collaboration. They also helped with the visual representations of images from Canva provided by the teacher in the form of digital and flashcards. In addition, students feel that the activities they have done with the group help them to reach goals and engage motivation to learn together. Hence, cooperative learning is considered suitable for primary levels with supporting media, namely Canva. This research is expected to provide new knowledge for readers so that the implementation of this cooperative learning with the use of Canva in the future can contribute to the development of more innovative and effective learning at the basic education level.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"94 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving English Pronunciation Through Phonetics Instruction in Yemeni EFL Classrooms 在也门 EFL 课堂上通过语音教学改进英语发音
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10720
Fadhl Mohammed Awadh Mohammed Awadh, Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo Putro, Albert Efendi Pohan, Yasir Alsamiri
{"title":"Improving English Pronunciation Through Phonetics Instruction in Yemeni EFL Classrooms","authors":"Fadhl Mohammed Awadh Mohammed Awadh, Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo Putro, Albert Efendi Pohan, Yasir Alsamiri","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10720","url":null,"abstract":"The context of English education in Yemen provides a critical backdrop for comprehending the challenges Yemeni students face in acquiring proficiency in English pronunciation. These challenges are primarily rooted in the distinct differences between the Arabic and English sound systems, variations in syllable structure and intonation, and the influence of local dialects. Such factors are instrumental in identifying the obstacles Yemeni learners encounter in accurately articulating English phonemes. This research delves into the efficacy of phonetics instruction, specifically phonics training, in ameliorating English pronunciation skills among students in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings in Yemen. Employing a literature review methodology, this study meticulously collects and analyzes data from pertinent academic sources to assess the impact of phonics training on pronunciation proficiency. The findings reveal a significant enhancement in students' ability to correctly identify and articulate English phonemes, thereby improving their verbal interaction and comprehension skills, and bolstering their confidence in English communication. The contributions of this study are manifold. It illuminates the pivotal role of phonetics instruction in refining English pronunciation among EFL learners in Yemen, providing empirical evidence to support the integration of phonetic teaching within the EFL curriculum. Moreover, it advocates for the enrichment of educational resources and teacher development programs, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing English pronunciation in Yemen's English language education framework. Through its insights, this study not only addresses a critical gap in the literature but also proposes actionable recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of English pronunciation teaching in Yemeni EFL classrooms. In essence, this study underscores the transformative potential of phonics training in elevating the English language proficiency of Yemeni students, thereby contributing significantly to the broader discourse on language acquisition and pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the Metacognitive Strategies During Post-Editing Translation Process: An Application of Think-Aloud Protocols (TAP) 调查编辑后翻译过程中的元认知策略:朗读思考协议(TAP)的应用
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10297
Dwi Indarti
{"title":"Investigating the Metacognitive Strategies During Post-Editing Translation Process: An Application of Think-Aloud Protocols (TAP)","authors":"Dwi Indarti","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10297","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition, the reflection on thinking processes, plays a crucial role in cognitive activities. This study delves into metacognitive strategies employed during post-editing in the translation process, particularly focusing on English-Indonesian translation through the application of think-aloud protocols (TAP). The investigation encompasses planning, monitoring, and evaluation as interconnected phases of metacognitive strategies. A qualitative case study method is employed, with a university student as the participant. Data analysis involves coding and categorizing using a thematic analysis approach, based on the metacognitive strategies framework. The findings show that the participant employes the components of planning such as evaluate the necessity of post-editing, applied knowledge on the specific post-editing cases, and identified the goal and the necessity for having specific post-editing, the components of monitoring such as using facts and instruction learned previously, making changes for a better translation product, and self-monitoring of progress, and elements of evaluating, such as deep level revising to produce better post-editing, and taking action to collect extra information. Pedagogical implications highlight the potential for enhancing learning experiences and improving translation skills through explicit instruction, modeling and systemic strategy training. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of metacognitive flexibility, cultural influences, and adaptive strategic behavior in post-editing, shaping a roadmap for learners to navigate challenges and continually refine their approach.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyzing Speech Accommodation Model in 1st Debate of the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Candidates 分析 2024 年印尼总统候选人第一场辩论中的演讲适应模式
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10917
Abdul Muhid
{"title":"Analyzing Speech Accommodation Model in 1st Debate of the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Candidates","authors":"Abdul Muhid","doi":"10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10917","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, candidates, especially presidential candidates, are busy crafting positive narratives to build a positive image. In this study, we will look at language use from the macro level, namely, the situation and function of communication, as well as at the micro level, which is how the verbal interactions of language users communicate their ideas in front of the public. The current article uses qualitative with descriptive and interpretative types. Analysis of the Speech Accommodation Model in the first debate of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates reveals several key insights into how candidates strategically adapt their language to connect with different audiences and achieve their communication goals. The analysis highlights the dynamic nature of accommodation, with candidates shifting their linguistic styles based on situational factors, such as the topic of discussion, the perceived attitudes of the audience, and the rhetorical strategies employed by their opponents. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between language, identity, and power in political communication. By examining how candidates navigate linguistic diversity and negotiate their rhetorical stance, we acquire a deeper understanding of the strategies employed to engage, persuade, and mobilize voters in pursuing electoral success. And detail model used by all candidates is summed up as follows; inward convergence, outward convergence, divergence, con in dive accommodation, and over-accommodation.","PeriodicalId":33956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Language Teaching","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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