Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Perpetrators and Perpetuators: Clinicians and Stigmatizing Language","authors":"K. Doyle","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.04.000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.04.000576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction of Caffeine and Sugar","authors":"P. Cusack","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000575","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief communication, we highlight the addictive nature of caffeine and sugar found in soda pop and coffee. These ingredients have a strong pull their consumers. There may be benefits to the caffeine as it is an antioxidant. Negative affects include tooth decay and obesity.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting Collaborative School Based Substance Use Disorder Interventions","authors":"AuthorDeborah Kipps Vaughan","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"23 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131165084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pennywise and Drug Foolish: On the Financial Gain of Rehabilitating Substance Abusers","authors":"Anthony Larsson","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000573","url":null,"abstract":"This opinion paper briefly discusses some of the financial incentives of ensuring adequate public funding for substance abuse treatment amidst ensuing cutbacks on treatment costs.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prejudicial Ruling on Addiction in Federal Immigration Courts: The Case of One Asylum Seeker Goes Before the 9th Circuit Court","authors":"Reuben-Vaisman Tzachor","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000571","url":null,"abstract":"The case of an asylum seeker who was the victim of prolonged torture and sex enslavement in her country of origin is pending before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. This, after lower immigration authorities (i.e., Immigration Judge and Board of Immigration Appeals) refused to consider granting asylum because of “questionable moral character” of the applicant. The basis for the refusal were repeated Driving Under the Influence (DUI) offenses after the applicant developed an addiction to alcohol. The argument before the appellate court, and the argument of this article, is that addiction to alcohol was consequent to trauma sustained in the country of origin and that it is considered a mental disease, not an indication of immorality.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125350227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cure of Polymicrobial Mycobacterium Abscessus and Chelonae Endocarditis Through Integrated Medical and Addiction Treatment","authors":"Erin W. Barnes","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000572","url":null,"abstract":"We present here a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a person who injects drugs (PWID) with Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus successfully treated with a combined medical and surgical approach. This case highlights multiple challenges faced in the cases of treating injection drug use endocarditis including delays in identification and diagnosis of mycobacterial organisms, concern for intravenous line manipulation, poly microbial endocarditis which can be difficult to detect, and need for patients to be admitted for prolonged periods. A systematic literature review of M. abscessus endocarditis is provided with parallels and teaching points between our case and the 14 additional reported cases identified, particularly our approach to addiction treatment in order to facilitate cure in this patient.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth Substance Use and Suicide Behavior","authors":"C. Green, Rachel E. Quinn, Rebecca Yaklic, Victor Ronis-Tobin","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000570","url":null,"abstract":"Suicidal behavior in adolescents has increased by 56% over the last 10 years [1]. Suicide was the second leading cause of death for adolescents in 2016 [2]. The number of hospitalizations for teen suicide attempts nearly doubled from 2008 to 2015 [3]. Understanding the underlying causes of adolescent suicide is necessary for suicide prevention [4]. Because of the complex setting in which suicide behaviors occur, the literature has not definitively identified factors that cause suicide behavior but it has identified a complex combination of precipitating or contributing factors including mental illness, lack of connectedness, stress, and substance use [5]. The current review focuses on four substances identified by SAMHSA’s as core measures [6]: alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and prescription drugs. These are the substances most commonly reported to be used by youth. We reviewed their relationship with youth suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal planning (SP) and attempts (SA). Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology Volume 3-Issue 4 Citation: Carly Green, Rachel Quinn, Rebecca Yaklic, Victor Ronis-Tobin. Youth Substance Use and Suicide Behavior. Open Access J Addict & Psychol. 3(4): 2020. OAJAP.MS.ID.000569. DOI: 10.33552/OAJAP.2020.03.000570. Page 2 of 3 The preponderance of evidence suggests a strong relationship between marijuana use and suicide behavior: Early adolescents using marijuana had 50% greater likelihood of reporting a 1-standard deviation higher depression scores than non-users [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07, 2.10] [26]. Wong SS, et al. [13] found that marijuana users reported higher rates of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.9-5.2, p<0.01). In France, early marijuana use initiation in adolescence was associated with higher rate of SA (OR (adj.) = 2.90; 95% CI 2.20-3.83) [14]. King RA, et al. [18] found a significant association between SI, SA and marijuana use. In another study, use of marijuana significantly predicted suicide risk in female adolescents (OR=2.432, 95% CI = 2.055, 2.878, P <.0001) [27]. Pena JB, et al. [28] found that using marijuana accounted for a significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters in White, Black, and Hispanic high school students in the US. Wong SS, et al. [13] found marijuana to be associated with increased risk for suicidal thoughts (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.1-2.4). Finally, adolescent daily users of marijuana reported significantly increased SI.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122667247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facebooking by Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"T. Field","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000567","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook, as the world’s most popular social networking site, is serving approximately 2 billion people including 92% of adolescents who are online daily. This narrative review includes published research from the last decade on the use and misuse of Facebook by adolescents. The research on Facebook use has focused on motives for its use, which have been primarily for companionship and relationship maintenance. In turn, online relationships have facilitated or debilitated offline relationships. The Facebook misuse research, also called Facebook addiction research, includes prevalence data, Facebook addiction scales, the effects of and the risk factors for Facebook addiction. The effects have included negative behaviors online and negative relationship outcomes. The risk factors have included intense Facebook usage, fear of missing out, mood states (loneliness, stress, depression and anxiety) and personality factors (extraversion and narcissism). Since most of the research has been cross-sectional, direction of effects cannot be determined. This literature is also limited by the almost exclusive use of self-report measures. Nonetheless, the research highlights the problematic use of Facebook by adolescents.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Phone Addiction in Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"T. Field","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000568","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review on cell phone (smart phone) addiction in adolescents is based on papers published during the years 2014-2020 that appeared on PubMed and PsycINFO. The prevalence of cell phone addiction has varied widely across countries as have the scales for that addiction. Cell phone addiction effects include psychological problems (loneliness, depression, social anxiety), physical problems (sleep disturbance, hypertension) and problematic behaviors (sexting, substance use). Risk factors/predictors include parental cell phone addiction, Internet addiction, gaming, and fear of missing out. Methodological limitations include the lack of a standard cell phone addiction classification and the reliance on self-report questionnaires that often do not include time spent on cell phones and the nature of cell phone use (texting, scrolling, chatting) as well as potential underlying mechanisms such as social anxiety. Further, most of the studies are cross-sectional, not longitudinal, so that the direction of effects cannot be determined. Researchers, nonetheless, have arbitrarily assigned behaviors as outcome or predictor variables when they may be more validly considered comorbid activities.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126520027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Neuroscience Contribution to Police Officer Fitness for Duty Assessment: 2 Case Examples","authors":"S. Berger, B. Parekh, Michael Berger, Carolyn J. Ortega","doi":"10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2020.03.000564","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential that the public has confidence that police officers are Fit for Duty. Of course, that starts with being physically fit to perform the demands of their jobs. However, it is also essential that they are of sound mind also – that they are Fit for Duty. The assessment begins during the initial hiring process. In the United States, each individual state sets the standards that police officers have to meet to be considered Fit for Duty. There will be individual differences among the various police organizations in each state. Thus, not only will state police departments have their standards, counties, cities and other jurisdictions will have their standards. In assessing a police officer’s quality of mind, cognitive neuroscience has much to contribute. This article presents two different police officers who were assessed for Fitness for Duty. One was referred by the officer’s own Department due to questionable actions on the job. The other officer self-referred after suffering a head injury, and after taking actions that the officer thought was inappropriate. Data from the cognitive neuropsychological evaluations of each officer are presented. There is an emphasis on the results from the Rorschach, as the differences between those profiles were remarkably divergent, yet each officer was having problems conforming their behavior to proper standards, but each of them for different reasons. The analyses of their psychological assessments demonstrate how cognitive neuroscience can be applied to assessing police officers’ psychological fitness for duty.","PeriodicalId":339096,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124060921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}