The research reports最新文献

{"title":"Supply Chain Basics: Technology, How Much – How Soon","authors":"G. Grajewski, G. Berney","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.147580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.147580","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has made the world smaller. Companies are more closely connected to their suppliers and customers than they used to be, and the supply chain has become a web of connections between suppliers and receivers. The Internet has been a major factor in this globalization. Companies can now exchange data with ease and speed, and much of the exchange can be automated. The result is a growing complexity of the supply chain as company networks become integrated into a global network. A simple exchange of data among individual companies is no longer sufficient. Companies in the supply chain need to communicate with each other, and a common “language” is required to facilitate this communication. Barcodes are one form of that language, but the language requirements are rapidly becoming more complex as more is asked of it. The changing language and its attendant technologies create the need for a new, more robust set of standards for recording and exchanging product information on a global scale. They also create new opportunities in the areas of product availability and safety, customer service, and supply chain efficiency for both consumers and businesses. As component prices drop and consumer fears of privacy invasion are addressed, the adoption rates for these technologies will accelerate. The new solutions are built on systems, such as barcodes, that have been in use for many years. More than 30 years ago, the introduction of the barcode initiated a transformation of the consumer packaging industry that brought greater convenience to consumers worldwide. Barcodes are in widespread use today, with more than 5 billion scans a day according to some estimates, and are an established element of retail sales. Companies are increasingly requiring labels such as barcodes, smart labels, and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on shipments to help automated systems manage inventory and track their products. Labels produced to meet customer requirements are called “compliance labels” because the labels are designed to comply with a customer’s requirements. Compliance labels usually follow formats defined by the customer. New standards are now being implemented to expand and improve the applicability of technologies to monitor and record product information. RFID, the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN), and the Electronic Product Code (EPC) global network are examples of new technological platforms that employ common product identification and information standards. At the same time improvements are being introduced to the “old” barcodes. According to a recent survey, the highest technological priority for supermarkets was conversion to the 13- or 14-digit barcodes that allow for more uniform coding, easier data exchange between companies, and for more information about the product to be included on the labels. These changes will give barcode users access to the global networks that use them. Smaller growers and distributors should consid","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131983332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"StockPlan®: A Decision Aid for Management of Livestock During Drought and Other Times","authors":"B. L. Davies, P. Carberry, R. Graham, J. Mullen, G. Meaker","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.37666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.37666","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a detailed description of the software program StockPlan® including a description of the calculations used within the program. StockPlan® has been developed as a decision aid for farmers and their advisors during drought and during the drought recovery stage. StockPlan® consists of three different packages. DroughtPack calculates feed requirements and feed costs, FSA compares the feed, selling and agistment options and Impack examines the financial projections from various drought recovery strategies. Calculations used by the programs are discussed using numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133625448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment in Economic Feasibility Analysis: The Case of Ethanol Production in Texas","authors":"J. Richardson, Brian K. Herbst, Joe L. Outlaw, David P. Anderson, S. Klose, R. Gill","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.42095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.42095","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to demonstrate the benefits of quantifying the economic viability of a proposed agribusiness under risk relative to a feasibility study which ignores risk. To achieve this objective, the economic viability of a 50 MMGPY ethanol facility in Texas is analyzed over a 10-year period in two ways: with no risk and with historical risk for prices and costs.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131750844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and Inference in Parametric Stochastic Frontier Models: A SAS/IML Procedure for a Bootstrap Method","authors":"","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.149177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.149177","url":null,"abstract":"Parametric Stochastic Frontier Models are widely used in productivity analysis and are commonly estimated using FRONTIER, STATA or LIMDEP packages, which only provide point estimates for firm-specific technical efficiency. Confidence intervals for technical efficiencies with superior coverage properties than those offered by the Horrace and Schmidt (1996) method may be computed using the Bootstrap method introduced by Simar and Wilson (2005). To facilitate these calculations, we propose a SAS/IML procedure, which computes these confidence intervals for stochastic frontier models with or without inefficiency effects. We apply the program to estimating supermarket-specific technical efficiency in the U.S. Results indicates that the program works very well and produce narrower confidence intervals than those obtain using Horrace and Schmidt (1996) method.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122953976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Competencies Possessed and the Skills Needed of Entry-Level College Graduate Agribusiness Employees*","authors":"Stephen E. Miller, L. Fredendall, W. N. Ferreira, L. Nilson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.187459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.187459","url":null,"abstract":"A major goal of Colleges of Agriculture is to prepare students for productive careers in agribusiness. Goecker, Gilmore, and Whatley estimated that approximately 40% of the potential job openings for food and agricultural sciences graduates during 2000-2005 would be for posi-tions in management, finance, and marketing, and Goecker et al. (2005a) projected that 46% of job openings for agricultural graduates from 2005-2010 will be in management and business oc-cupations. Goecker et al. (2005a) also estimated that the number of agricultural graduates quali-fied for these management/business positions would represent only 60% of the job openings, and that agribusiness firms would turn to graduates of allied fields, such as business curricula, to fill the remaining 40% of the job openings. There is no previous research to indicate whether agri-cultural graduates are at an advantage or disadvantage relative to business graduates in meeting the needs of agribusiness employers. Research evaluating the relative performance of agricul-tural and business college graduates would be valuable in assisting educators in determining the relevant curricula and course content to improve the competencies of agricultural and business graduates as agribusiness employees. The objective of this research is to determine what weaknesses and strengths agribusiness managers observe in their recent agricultural and business college-graduate employees. That is, we seek to identify “gaps” between the knowledge, skill, ability, and trait areas (KSATs) of en-try-level college graduate employees and the KSATs required for successful careers in agribusi-ness. We do so by conducting a nationwide survey of agribusiness firms. The paper proceeds as follows. First, we provide background information on previous studies that have investigated the KSATs that employers desire in their college graduate employ- 2 ees and/or employer perceptions of the strengths/weaknesses of their college graduate employ-ees. Next, we discuss our survey procedures. We then present our survey results and discuss their implications for curricula and course content.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133084689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and Operational Impacts of the Proposed EU Directive laying down Minimum Standards for the Production of Chickens kept for Meat Production","authors":"A. Sheppard, S. Edge","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.31749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.31749","url":null,"abstract":"This study was commissioned by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Defra (Defra) for the purpose of providing information to assist in compilation of a Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) for the possible introduction of an EU-wide Council Directive relating to the welfare of broiler chickens, in particular by estimating costs to the broiler industry in England.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127327346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Economic Impact Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis in South West England","authors":"A. Sheppard, M. Turner","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.31748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.31748","url":null,"abstract":"In England, over the last decade the rising incidence of bovine TB has resulted in recognised economic impacts on the agricultural and ancillary industries. Nowhere has the dramatic increase in bovine TB been more evident than in Southwest England, a region which is characterised by smaller, family-run farms often specialising in relatively extensive bovine livestock systems, whether dairying or beef production. The economic impacts result from the nature of the disease, the government's control measures (restrictions on movement of cattle on and off the farm, repeat testing and compulsory cleaning) and the impact of test 'failures' on the normal marketing of livestock and product. Moreover, this worsening of the disease situation - and hence increasing economic impact - of bovine TB coincides with a period of considerable economic pressures for the agricultural industry. Principal among these are (a) the recent major changes in the CAP, (b) established long-term changes in the food chain (many of which are detrimental to primary producers), (c) new requirements for an increasingly environmentally-friendly farming systems and (d) increased competitive pressures from the enlargement of the EU and greater exposure to global markets. In conjunction with the farming industry, the veterinary profession and other stakeholders, the government is currently developing a new strategy for tackling bovine TB. Bovine TB is acknowledged as one of the most difficult animal health problems facing UK farmers with the incidence now rising at 18 per cent each year. A further factor of particular relevance is the government's recent Animal Health and Welfare Strategy and its implications for affected herds. There is no scientific consensus about why the incidence of bovine TB is rising again (having apparently been brought under reasonable control by the 1970s), although there is increasing scientific evidence of a reservoir of infection in wildlife, particularly in badgers.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124110716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and attributing the benefits from varietal improvement research in Brazil","authors":"P. Pardey, J. Alston, C. Chan-Kang, E. Magalhaes, S. Vosti","doi":"10.2499/0896291391rr136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/0896291391rr136","url":null,"abstract":"To our friend and colleague, Lídia, who exemplified all the best of an economist working for the public good. Sections of this material may be reproduced for personal and not-for-profit use without the express written permission of but with acknowledgment to IFPRI. To reproduce the material contained herein for profit or commercial use requires express written permission. To obtain permission, contact the Communications Division <ifpri-copyright@cgiar.org>.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127808324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEMONSTRATION AND EVALUATION OF PROCESSED FOREST BIOMASS IN BIORETENTION CELLS FOR REDUCTION OF WILDFIRE HAZARD AND TREATMENT OF STORMWATER RUNOFF","authors":"S. Templeton, C. Privette, J. Hayes, C. Post, Ritu Sharma","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.187460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.187460","url":null,"abstract":"Growth of urban areas and impervious surfaces in the U.S. has increased the environmental impacts of stormwater runoff and the public’s interest in regulation of those who discharge it. Growth of communities in the urban-wildland interface is an important reason why risks of wildfire have increased and government agencies have undertaken new collaborative efforts to reduce them. A bioretention cell is a space-saving method to manage stormwater runoff from streets and parking lots. Widespread use of this structural best management practice could expand the market for small-diameter woody material and might reduce risks of wildfire because processed residues from logging decks could be the source of organic material that the cell requires. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the use of processed forest biomass in a bioretention cell at an industrial park in a developing area of South Carolina and evaluate the environmental performance and costs of this cell. A bioretention cell, approximately 25’ wide, 75’ long, and 4’ deep with a 12” layer of chipped logging residue, was designed and installed at the Orangeburg County and City Industrial Park. The cell and the use of processed forest biomass in the cell were publicized in a newsletter of the state’s environmental regulatory agency, are publicized by an on-site sign, and will be publicized by a magazine article for Clemson University. Aged chips of woody forest residues remove positive amounts of nitrate nitrogen, zinc, and copper from polluted solutions in laboratory tests, even though the removal efficiencies never exceed the efficiencies of at least one of the two commercial hardwood mulches. This chipped woody material does not add more phosphorous than the two commercial mulches. Although the level of total organic carbon decreases slightly over time as pine chips age, this type of processed forest biomass can serve as an adequate source of carbon for denitrification within the bottom iii chamber of a bioretention cell. In general, the bioretention cell in Orangeburg reduces the quantity of runoff to the existing storm sewer. Ninety four percent of the first inch of runoff enters and is treated by the cell. The cell apparently removes zinc and copper. Although the cell did not always remove phosphate and nitrate, removal of these pollutants improved as time passed. Concentrations of measured pollutants in the discharge were substantially below regulatory thresholds for water quality. The bioretention cell in Orangeburg cost $28,860. The largest portion of these costs was $23,500 for the contractor, his sub-contractor, and their materials. Unusually but justifiably large excavation and grading expense for innovative design, insufficient bid competition, and contractor inexperience are reasons why the costs per unit of water-quality volume were higher in this project than the average of others. Bioretention cells exhibit economies of water-quality size. If the volume of water that a c","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130754258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'ORGANIC' AND 'CONVENTIONAL' GRAIN AND SOYBEAN PRICES IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST: 1995 THROUGH 2003","authors":"Nicholas J. Streff, T. Dobbs","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.32035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.32035","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the sustainable agriculture research program in the Economics Department at South Dakota State University (SDSU), ‘organic’ and ‘conventional’ crop prices have been compared for nearly a decade. This pamphlet serves as an update of price comparisons through 2003 and a final conclusion of the price series comparison, which we will no longer continue. The pamphlet also contains brief reference to another source of organic price data (see the appendix). The information in this pamphlet should be of use to farmers and others considering management changes and investments related to organic agriculture, as well as to policy makers.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}