ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Innovation-Friendly Environment in Europe","authors":"Alberto Costantiello, Lucio Laureti, Angelo Leogrande","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3933553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3933553","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we investigate the determinants of the innovation-friendly environment in Europe in the period 2000-2019. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 36 countries. Data are analyzed using dynamic panel data at 1 stage, panel data with fixed effects, panel data with random effects, pooled OLS, and WLS. Results shows that the “Innovation-Friendly Environment” is positively associated to “Basic-school entrepreneurial education and training”, “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Employment share Manufacturing”, “Finance and support”, “Human resources”.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125852292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Technology Patents","authors":"Brian Haney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3917614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3917614","url":null,"abstract":"Defined, the raison d'etre for High Technology Patents is to give inventors freedom and a book they love. Describing innovation as a productive process, this Book is a guide for bringing ideas to life. Everyone has great ideas that can make the world a better place. But most of those ideas never become inventions because significant economic, legal, and regulatory barriers blockade the path to progress. This Book breaks the blockade, clearing the convolution and changing innovation.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126165563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent Law: An Open-Source Casebook (Chapter 8: Defenses)","authors":"Dmitry Karshtedt, M. Janis, Ted Sichelman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3837431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3837431","url":null,"abstract":"Less than a handful of casebooks are truly open source, in the sense of being fully modifiable. Patent Law: An Open-Source Casebook is the first patent law casebook that provides adopting professors, students, and others the ability to fully modify its contents. This chapter of the casebook covers defenses to infringement, including inequitable conduct, patent exhaustion, patent misuse, laches, equitable estoppel, experimental use, and spoliation of evidence.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bank Lending and Corporate Innovation: Evidence from SFAS 166/167","authors":"Y. Dou, Zhaoxia Xu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3804750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3804750","url":null,"abstract":"We provide new evidence on the role of bank lending in corporate innovation by exploiting the implementation of SFAS 166/167, which removed the off--balance sheet status of certain securitized assets of banks. The regulation affects bank lending and thus represents a credit supply shock to borrowing firms. We find that affected banks raise spreads and cut loan amounts after the regulation. Firms that borrow from affected banks reduce R&D investment and the number and quality of the patents they generate. The reduction is concentrated among firms whose banks experience more downward pressure on capital ratios and greater market discipline, and firms that are more dependent on external financing. Additional analyses reveal that information asymmetry between incumbent banks and outsiders with respect to borrowing firms prevent them from switching. The overall findings suggest that bank lending promotes borrowing firms' innovation activities.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131474147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation Performance and the Signal Effect: Evidence from a European Program","authors":"N. Levratto, Aurelien Quignon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3813430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3813430","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to estimate the effect of a European policy that subsidizes innovation investments. By carefully selecting observables, we compare recipients of the program with non-recipient firms to overcome the endogeneity of R&D grants. We conduct a difference-in-differences design on the universe of a unique firm-level dataset of European SMEs between 2008 and 2017. We find a significant effect of proof of concept grants, which implies an increase in the number of patent applications and the probability of patenting. There are positive impacts on credit financing, which suggest a signal effect to investors about the project quality of young firms.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122606648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of Innovation in Latin America","authors":"D. Tadmor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3655231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3655231","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the knowledge society has highlighted the growing importance of innovation and intellectual assets as sources of competitiveness and long-term economic growth. Promoting the progress of innovation in Latin America is a key priority in order to increase economic prosperity to the region. Despite its importance, however, the region is struggling to bring innovation to the forefront. Five indicators are used to show how innovation is stagnating in Latin America: R&D investment levels, investment in innovation and knowledge-based capital, patent outputs per year, the institutional environment, and innovation management. Through these lenses, I also propose policy changes and structural reforms needed to promote innovation and elevate Latin American countries out of the middle-income trap.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Students in MIT 10-250, and All Other Students of Engineering and Science: Why Atlas Shrugged Is a Book You Should Read","authors":"Edward H. Sisson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3315208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3315208","url":null,"abstract":"Atlas Shrugged has long earned sharp criticism for its simplified characters and situations, and for the extreme selfishness that it advocates as the highest morality. In 1974, as a 19-year-old, when the author of this paper read Atlas Shrugged, the author was put-off by these elements of the book. However, Atlas Shrugged also advocates that young people study both physics and philosophy, and with that advice the author agreed. That advice led the author to transfer from Pomona College to MIT (to study architecture; but an MIT degree, regardless of major, requires physics, calculus, etc.)<br><br>Also, Atlas Shrugged is a novel featuring inventive, highly-productive engineers as the main praised characters, and while such characters frequently are featured in science fiction novels, featuring them in a non-science fiction novel is quite rare. Apart from its advocacy of a selfish philosophy, Atlas Shrugged focuses on the psychology of such individuals – quite accurately, in the author’s experience-based opinion, then and later – and on the elements in their social environment that either encourage, or discourage, such people from first inventing and second sharing their inventions with the rest of the people of the world. <br><br>After reading Atlas Shrugged in 1974, the author had no desire to read it again. The author noted in the 2000s that some prominent political leaders had been inspired by it, but this did not cause the author to take it up again; and when the Atlas Shrugged movies came out, the author did not bother to watch them. <br><br>But during Thanksgiving 2018, 44 years after reading Atlas Shrugged, the author discovered that his video-artist daughter had a copy in her studio, given her by a fellow-artist. The author was struck by the fact that Atlas Shrugged was being read by some of today’s young avant-garde artists. Such interest by the politicians and rich business leaders had not caused the author to return to it; but interest by the creative young in 2018 was a different matter. So the author took up Atlas Shrugged to read it a second time. <br><br>This paper is the result.<br><br>The invention of new technologies has proven, during the last 100 years, to be most profoundly transformative of the economies of the world. The century 1918-2018 has seen the beginnings of worldwide popular radio make progress through to today’s world-wide instantaneous television and internet; has seen transportation progress from rickety motorcars to interplanetary probes; has seen society-upending protests in several countries (the ongoing “yellow vest” protests in France being an example) sparked by websites such as Facebook. <br><br>These massive, Facebook-originated protests invariably are about government economic policies, each policy instituted with the advice of experts trained in economics, that massive numbers of people intensely dislike. The continuing influence of the economics profession itself is threatened if economists continue to l","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off‐Shoring, Specialization and R&D","authors":"Ioannis Bournakis, M. Vecchi, Francesco Venturini","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether off-shoring promotes technological specialization by reallocating resources towards high-tech industries and/or stimulating within industry R&D. Using data for the US, Japan and Europe, our results show that material off-shoring promotes high-tech specialization through input reallocation between sectors, while service off-shoring favours technologically advanced production by increasing within-industry productivity, mainly via its positive impact on R&D. Conversely, we find that the increasing fragmentation of core production tasks, captured by narrow off-shoring, has adverse effects on technological specialisation, which suggests that this type of off-shoring is mainly pursued for cost-reduction motives.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129844444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrepreneurial Finance: Unifying Themes and Future Directions","authors":"Douglas J. Cumming, Alexander Groh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3102588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3102588","url":null,"abstract":"We overview the papers of this special issue of the Journal of Corporate Finance and explain how they fit within the different segments of the entrepreneurial finance literature, including equity crowdfunding, angel investors, debt, venture capital, and private equity. We point to the growing importance of different sources of capital for entrepreneurs and emerging research trends pertinent to academics, practitioners, and policymakers. We explain common questions and suggest scope in future work for combining segments.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133565685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Imitation Assumption: Why Imitation May Increase, Rather than Decrease, Performance Heterogeneity","authors":"Hart E. Posen, D. Martignoni","doi":"10.1002/SMJ.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.2751","url":null,"abstract":"Research Summary: Imitation is a central construct in strategy theory because it is assumed to diminish inter‐firm performance heterogeneity within an industry. We revisit this assumption, which is premised on the logic that imitated practices act directly to make the imitator more similar to its target. This logic is incomplete because imitation also acts indirectly—via its effect on an imitator's post‐imitation experiential learning efforts through which it refines imitated practices and fills remaining knowledge gaps. We examine how an imitator's focus of attention during this post‐imitation experiential learning process impacts performance heterogeneity. Employing a computational model, we contrast the heterogeneity resulting from imitative entry with that from de novo (non‐imitative) entry and identify conditions under which imitation may increase, rather than decrease, inter‐firm performance heterogeneity. Managerial Summary: Imitation is commonly assumed to be a low‐risk strategy by which firms can narrow the performance gap to the market leader. This assumption is predicated on an understanding of imitation that neglects the impact of imitation on subsequent, post‐imitation, learning. Such learning serves to refine the imitated practices and fill remaining knowledge gaps. Our theory suggests that imitation is more risky than is typically assumed. Imitation leads to bifurcated performance outcomes. An imitator is more likely to: (a) catch up to the market leader, and (b) perform far worse than it would have without imitation. Key factors driving the riskiness of imitation are the observability of the market leader's practices and an imitator's decision regarding its focus of attention in post‐imitation learning.","PeriodicalId":338013,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Innovation (Economic) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130815079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}