Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"The vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal reflexes minimally impact the freezing of gait in patients with early-to-moderate Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Yukang Kim ,&nbsp;Donghoon Woo ,&nbsp;Hanseob Kim ,&nbsp;Kyoungwon Baik ,&nbsp;Sun-Uk Lee ,&nbsp;Chan-Nyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Gerard J. Kim ,&nbsp;Seoui Kwag ,&nbsp;Hyunsoh Park ,&nbsp;Ji-Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Kun-Woo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling condition that often leads to falls and severe postural instability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to determine whether FOG is associated with the integrity of the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and vestibulospinal reflexes (VSR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively collected 138 patients with de novo PD at a tertiary medical center between February 2022 and February 2025. Each patient was queried and assessed for FOG status during the initial assessment. All patients underwent video head-impulse tests (video-HIT), cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and motion analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FOG was observed in 23 patients (23/138, 17 %). The head impulse gain of the VOR did not differ between freezers and non-freezers in any semicircular canal. The new FOG questionnaire score showed no correlation with the VOR gain for any canal. The oVEMP and cVEMP parameters did not differ between freezers and non-freezers either. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between FOG and MDS-UPDRS-III (<em>p =</em> 0.016). However, FOG was not associated with the VOR gain in any canal or abnormalities on oVEMP or cVEMP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our preliminary data suggest that FOG is associated with the severity of motor symptoms in patients with early-to-moderate PD. While the integrity of the VOR or VSR is not currently associated with FOG, a well-designed future study could provide more nuanced insights into the relationship with these factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-based peroneal electrical transcutaneous NeuroModulation (peroneal eTNM®) in Parkinson’s disease as “add-on” treatment – Results of a pilot study","authors":"Petra Bártová ,&nbsp;Eva Augste ,&nbsp;Filip Strouhal ,&nbsp;Jan Krhut ,&nbsp;Martin Slovák ,&nbsp;Roman V. Dvorak ,&nbsp;Lukáš Peter ,&nbsp;Martin Schmidt ,&nbsp;David Školoudík","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Currently, there is no causal cure for Parkinson’s disease (PD), and medications and other therapeutic procedures only allow for the reduction of symptoms. Noninvasive neuromodulation is among the potentially promising treatments for PD patients. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of peroneal electrical Transcutaneous NeuroModulation (peroneal eTNM®) in the treatment of PD symptoms with a particular emphasis on disease-related quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve patients with clinically established Parkinsońs disease (8 males; mean age 59.5 ± 11.6 years) were enrolled. In addition to state-of-the-art background pharmacotherapy for PD, patients were treated with peroneal eTNM® daily for 30 min for 6 weeks followed by 6 weeks of follow-up without stimulation. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was the response of the condition on the ’add-on’ peroneal eTNM®.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peroneal eTNM® proved to be feasible for home treatment in the PD population. Treatment-related adverse events were not reported throughout the study. Along with an excellent safety profile, peroneal eTNM® showed considerable positive trends in terms of improvement in quality of life as measured by EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. There was a definitive trend toward a reduction in Section III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale showing positive changes in tremor-related items. At the end of the study, 50 % of the patients were considered clinical responders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Larger and more rigorously designed studies are needed to validate the utility and position of peroneal eTNM® in the treatment of patients with PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic dysfunction in progressive supranuclear Palsy: A retrospective study","authors":"Yichun Wang ,&nbsp;Manqing Xie ,&nbsp;Dan Xu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Wang ,&nbsp;Han Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the characteristics of autonomic dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) compared to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients who underwent multidisciplinary team (MDT) intervention at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between March 31, 2021, and November 22, 2023. A total of 16 PSP, 27 MSA-P, and 11 PD patients were included. Autonomic dysfunction was assessed using the SCOPA-AUT scale and medical record data, analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SCOPA-AUT revealed varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction across all groups. The total SCOPA-AUT score was lower in PSP (16.88 ± 6.70) than in MSA-P (23.33 ± 8.80) (p = 0.019), but not significantly different from PD (18.64 ± 9.80). All five SCOPA-AUT subscales were affected in PSP, though significant differences were found only in urinary control (p = 0.006) and urinary storage (p = 0.008) scores between PSP and MSA-P. Orthostatic hypotension was clinically identified in 7.7 % of PSP, 66.7 % of MSA-P, and 27.3 % of PD patients, with a significant difference between PSP and MSA-P (p &lt; 0.001). Residual urine volume in MSA-P (137.5 [75.5–190.25] mL) was significantly higher than in PD (34.5 [1.50–60.00] mL, p &lt; 0.001) and PSP (9.95 [1.13–56.25] mL, p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that PSP presents with various forms of autonomic dysfunction, as assessed by SCOPA-AUT, with similarities to both MSA-P and PD. Objective measures, such as orthostatic blood pressure assessments and residual urine ultrasound, can provide additional insights into autonomic dysfunction in PSP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head tremor in Parkinson´s Disease, clinical Associations and response to therapy","authors":"José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo ,&nbsp;Marlene Alonso-Juarez ,&nbsp;Robert Fekete","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tremor is frequently observed in patients with Parkinsońs disease (PD). Tremor most commonly affects the upper limbs but may also affect the axial muscles in PD. Head tremor (HT) is usually identified in patients with essential tremor (ET) and cervical dystonia (CD), but rarely reported in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives Methods</h3><div>We aimed to assess the frequency, clinical features, correlates, and underlying mechanisms of HT in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 229 patients with PD, we identified 19 (8.3 %) of patients with HT. There were 11 males and 8 females with a median age at evaluation of 62.0 years. Five patients had slight, ten had mild and four had moderately severe HT. Yes-yes HT was the most common type. HT was associated with PD in 13 patients, eight of them had severe tremor-dominant presentation. In 3 patients there were signs suggesting underlying ET, while 3 patients had CD. Complete resolution of HT was observed with levodopa and/or deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with PD only, but inconsistent improvement was observed with comorbid ET or CD. Longer evolution time since PD onset (<em>P</em> = 0.024), rest tremor (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and CD (<em>P</em> = 0.003) were independently associated with HT in the multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HT was identified in 8.3% of patients with PD. It associated with longer evolution since PD onset, the severity of rest tremor and presence of CD. HT is observed in the context of PD only, particularly in those with severe tremor-dominant presentation, comorbid ET or CD. Most patients improve with dopaminergic therapy or DBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of an active lifestyle on markers of intestinal inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: Preliminary findings","authors":"Nesrine Chtioui ,&nbsp;Christian Duval ,&nbsp;David H. St-Pierre","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations in the gut microbiota leading to intestinal inflammation and decreased levels of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) has been observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to compare these factors between physically active and less active people with PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool, plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 35 people with PD (20 men and 15 women, mean age 66 years). Their level of physical activity was retrospectively assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participants were divided into two groups based on their physical activity level: Active and Inactive. Both SCFA and calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, were respectively measured by GC–MS and ELISA, according to standardized, validated protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age, disease stage (Hoen &amp; Yahr) and Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) were similar between groups. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were significantly higher in the Active group than in the Inactive group. In addition, fecal calprotectin was significantly lower in the Active group than in the Inactive group. The constipation values were significantly lower in the Active group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results suggest that an active lifestyle with regular physical activity is beneficial in patients with PD, through increased production of SCFA by the gut microbiome, and reduced intestinal inflammation and constipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating YouTube as a source of information on hemifacial spasm","authors":"Kimberly L. Po ,&nbsp;Alfeo Julius R. Sy ,&nbsp;Roland Dominic G. Jamora","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Patients increasingly turn to YouTube for trustworthy health-related information, prompting a study to evaluate the quality and reliability of videos about hemifacial spasms (HFS) available on the platform.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>In August 2024, a systematic search was conducted using a formal strategy to identify relevant videos. Two independent neurology resident physicians reviewed each video, scoring it with the validated modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tool for reliability and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) for content quality. Videos were categorized based on their purpose and assessed for video/audio quality, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and procedure-specific content.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 44 videos. According to GQS, 17 (38.6 %) were rated as high quality, 14 (31.8 %) as good, 5 (17 %) as medium, and 8 (18.2 %) as poor quality. On the mDISCERN scale, 24 (54.5 %) were deemed reliable, while 9 (20.5 %) were unreliable. Videos created by physicians, academic institutions, and reputable health information websites scored higher on both mDISCERN and GQS compared to other sources. A strong positive correlation was found between mDISCERN and GQS scores (r = 0.925, p &lt; 0.001), indicating that higher reliability was linked to better content quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>YouTube offers valuable resources for HFS patients and caregivers. Videos produced by healthcare professionals and academic institutions offered particularly accurate insights, enhancing patients’ understanding of the condition’s pathophysiology and treatment options, and serving as a useful complement to healthcare professionals’ knowledge. Healthcare professionals and academic institutions have a pivotal role in creating and promoting high-quality educational content. Future efforts should focus on increasing the availability of reliable, expert-verified videos to improve overall quality of information accessible to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal microvascular and microcirculatory responses related to cognition improvement following yoga training in patients with Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Hong Jiang ,&nbsp;Kirill Stremousov ,&nbsp;Yunhai Dai ,&nbsp;Bonnie Levin ,&nbsp;Amanda Virgets ,&nbsp;Andrew Hoover ,&nbsp;Kylie J. Martinez ,&nbsp;Joseph Signorile ,&nbsp;Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine the relationship of retinal microcirculatory responses to cognitive function following yoga training in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty patients with diagnosed PD were recruited, and retinal imaging was successful on 17 patients (age 71.8 ± 7.2 years old, nine females). Retinal capillary perfusion density (CPD) was imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and retinal blood flow (RBF) was imaged using a retinal function imager (RFI). All patients participated in three 1-hour YogaCue or Hatha yoga classes per week for 24 consecutive weeks. Pearson correlation analyses determined the relationship between the changes in retinal microcirculatory responses and cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased RBF was significantly related to the changes of CPD in all retinal slabs, including superficial and deeper vascular plexuses and retinal vascular network (6 mm scan, r ranged 0.58–0.83, P &lt; 0.05). The increased RBF and CPD of superficial vascular plexus (6 mm scan) were related to the improvements (i.e., shorter time) in trail-making A performance (r = −0.66, P &lt; 0.01 and r = −0.58, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). In addition, the change of CPD in the retinal vascular network was related to improvement in Hopkins verbal delayed recall (r = 0.50, P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study exploring the relationship between retinal microcirculatory responses to yoga exercise and cognitive function in PD patients. The synergistic effect of CPD and RBF may be developed into ocular indicators for monitoring the effect of cognitive improvement from yoga exercise in patients with PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of augmented reality cueing strategies on freezing of gait: The ELIMINATE FoG trial","authors":"Brendan Baugher ,&nbsp;Ryan Kaya ,&nbsp;Claire Sonneborn ,&nbsp;Kenneth B. Baker ,&nbsp;Hubert H. Fernandez ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Szewczyk ,&nbsp;Jay L. Alberts ,&nbsp;James Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Freezing of gait (FoG) is a treatment-resistant symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). Augmented reality (AR) cues have been investigated as a therapy for FoG, with inconclusive results from a limited array of AR constructs.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Compare four modalities of a novel AR cue to physical and no-cue controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Presence of FoG in PD was required; exclusion criteria included dementia, severe vision loss, and significant gait-disrupting comorbidities. Participants completed six walking tasks, featuring different cueing conditions in a crossover fashion, in a holographic hallway displayed by an AR headset. A conventional physical cue was presented first, followed by other conditions in randomized order (<em>hand-controlled</em> AR cue, <em>observer-controlled</em> AR cue, <em>eye-controlled</em> AR cue, <em>constant</em> AR cue, no-cue control). Primary outcomes were FoG duration and incidence, manually annotated. Secondary outcomes included survey questions and gait parameters derived from IMUs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six participants completed testing. The <em>observer-controlled</em> AR cue produced lower FoG duration than the no-cue, physical, and <em>hand-controlled</em> AR cue conditions (N = 36, p ≤ 0.006, Wilcoxon effect size (WES) ≥ 0.46). The <em>constant</em> cue reduced FoG incidence compared to all other conditions (N = 36, p ≤ 0.016, WES ≥ 0.40). Participants’ preferred AR cues decreased FoG duration (N = 28, p ≤ 0.004, WES ≥ 0.48) and incidence (N = 28, p ≤ 0.022, WES ≥ 0.38) compared to controls. Differences in kinematic outcomes were negligible. Survey results indicated receptiveness toward AR cueing, with diversity in preferred cue activation modalities. No significant adverse events occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AR cueing decreased FoG incidence and duration compared to controls. Efficacy of discrete cueing modalities likely depends on user intrinsic factors, such as preference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the enigmatic: Primary progressive apraxia of speech – A case report","authors":"Mateusz Bernad ,&nbsp;Renata Kowalska-Taczanowska ,&nbsp;Karolina Duszyńska- Wąs ,&nbsp;Joanna Mączewska ,&nbsp;Piotr Alster ,&nbsp;Dariusz Koziorowski ,&nbsp;Monika Figura","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that saliently affects motor speech programming and planning. Linguistic function remains intact in the early stages of PPAOS.</div><div>Although PPAOS shares a similar symptomatology to conditions such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and dysarthria, it is important to remember that this disorder constitutes its own distinct clinical syndrome. PPAOS is characterized by an individually variable disease course, with a steady progression in speech deterioration. In later stages, this disorder may additionally present with symptoms such as oral apraxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, aphasia, and parkinsonian syndromes similar to either progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or corticobasal syndrome (CBS). 4-repeat tauopathy is the most common pathology associated with PPAOS. In this study, we present a case of a female patient suffering from PPAOS, detailing her clinical course during a 44-year long follow-up. As PPAOS is a disorder with a worldwide poorly-documented prevalence, there is limited data in literature on the subject. We thus bring this case to public discussion. We also recommend further investigating this disorder, as we would then be able to unify diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPAOS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX) autoimmune encephalitis associated with severe multifocal dystonia","authors":"Eric Roddy ,&nbsp;Erik Gentry ,&nbsp;Victoria Holiday ,&nbsp;David Robertson ,&nbsp;Peter Hedera","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-DPPX encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis characterized antibodies against a subunit of Kv4.2 potassium channels. Characteristic clinical features include cognitive dysfunction, parasomnias, psychosis, and seizures. Motor symptoms typically include myoclonus, tremor, and midline ataxia. DPPX encephalitis presenting as new-onset focal dystonia has not been previously described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}