Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outpatients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) experience physical, mental, and social deficits. ABI can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury: mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; e.g., concussion) and other ABI (e.g., stroke, brain aneurysm, encephalitis). Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report measures. The purpose of this study was to, 1) describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring, and 2) compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI vs. other ABI. Sixteen outpatients with other ABI (mean ​± ​standard deviation: [58 ​± ​13] years, 9 females) and 12 outpatients with mTBI ([48 ​± ​11] years, 9 females) wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 ​h/day (h/day) for 7-days. Outpatients with ABI averaged (6.0 ​± ​2.3) h/day of upright time, (10.6 ​± ​2.2) h/day of sedentary time, (5.6 ​± ​2.7) h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts &gt; 1 ​h, (5 960 ​± ​3 037) steps/day, and (11 ​± ​13) minutes/day (min/day) of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright, sedentary, prolonged sedentary time, and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups (all, <em>p</em> ​&gt; ​0.31). Outpatients with ABI overestimated their MVPA levels (+138 ​min/week) and underestimated sedentary time (−4.3 ​h/day) compared to self-report (all, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Despite self-reporting high activity levels, outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary lifestyles. The habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury (i.e., mTBI versus other ABI). Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 338-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000118/pdfft?md5=8fc60af4c94327c09da32f763d567521&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000118-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139821903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and perceptual responses to sprint interval exercise using arm versus leg cycling ergometry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Increases in power output and maximal oxygen consumption (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max) occur in response to sprint interval exercise (SIE), but common use of “all-out” intensities presents a barrier for many adults. Furthermore, lower-body SIE is not feasible for all adults. We compared physiological and perceptual responses to supramaximal, but “non-all-out” SIE between leg and arm cycling exercise. Twenty-four active adults (mean ​± ​&lt;em&gt;SD&lt;/em&gt; age: [25 ​± ​7] y; cycling &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max: [39 ​± ​7] mL·kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) performed incremental exercise using leg (LCE) and arm cycle ergometry (ACE) to determine &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max and maximal work capacity (Wmax). Subsequently, they performed four 20 ​s bouts of SIE at 130% Wmax on the LCE or ACE at cadence ​= ​120–130 ​rev/min, with 2 ​min recovery between intervals. Gas exchange data, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affective valence were acquired. Data showed significantly lower (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ​&lt; ​0.001) absolute mean ([1.24 ​± ​0.31] L·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; vs. [1.59 ​± ​0.34] L·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​1.08) and peak &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ([1.79 ​± ​0.48] L·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; vs. [2.10 ​± ​0.44] L·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​0.70) with ACE versus LCE. However, ACE elicited significantly higher (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ​&lt; ​0.001) relative mean ([62% ​± ​9%] &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max vs. [57% ​± ​7%] &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max, &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​0.63) and peak &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ([88% ​± ​10%] &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max vs. [75% ​± ​10%] &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;max, &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​1.33). Post-exercise BLa was significantly higher ([7.0 ​± ​1.7] mM vs. [5.7 ​± ​1.5] mM, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​0.024, &lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; ​= ​0.83) for LCE versus ACE. There was no significant effect of modality on RPE or affective valence (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ​&gt; ​0.42), and lowest affective valence recorded (2.0 ​± ​1.8) was considered “good to fairly good”. Data show that non “all-out” ACE elicits lower absolute but higher relative HR and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; compared to LCE. Less aversive perceptual responses ","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000076/pdfft?md5=1d694dda2fc9b3acc330f2ed41161f3f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000076-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of physical activity duration and intensity on emotional intelligence in 10–13 year-old Children","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) has a positive association with emotional health and intelligence in adolescents but none have focused on the relationship of PA duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligence (EI). The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally assess the association of PA measures on overall EI and its domains in a cohort of 2 029 adolescents aged 10–13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for Children and Youth (NLSCY) from Canada. Multivariable linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age, sex, annual household income, and health status. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to relate PA duration measured in minutes, frequency, and intensity categories with continuous GEI scores and also the corresponding scores for domains of GEI. The mean GEI scores were (28.3 ​± ​6.6) for 0–30 ​minute (min) PA duration, (30.0 ​± ​6.5) for 30 to ​&lt; ​60 ​min, (30.8 ​± ​6.7) for 60–120 ​min, and (30.1 ​± ​6.5) for ≥ 121 ​min. There was a statistically significant linear trend across PA duration categories, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.000 4. Post-hoc pairwise comparison revealed that compared to the referent category (&lt; 30 ​min ​PA category) was statistically significantly lower GEI than each of the other two PA categories (30–59 ​min; and 60–120 ​min), both <em>p</em>-values &lt; 0.01. Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for duration and vigorous intensity were positively associated with the higher overall EI and its domains except for Stress Management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266633762400009X/pdfft?md5=116fe82b9099f159a024a65c2c6baddb&pid=1-s2.0-S266633762400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic interval training preconditioning protocols inhibit isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in rats: Implications on oxidative balance, autophagy, and apoptosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (<em>n</em> ​= ​6), ISO (<em>n</em> ​= ​8), MIIT (<em>n</em> ​= ​4), HIIT (<em>n</em> ​= ​4), MIIT ​+ ​ISO (<em>n</em> ​= ​8), and HIIT ​+ ​ISO (<em>n</em> ​= ​8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 ​mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O₂), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT ​+ ​ISO and HIIT ​+ ​ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O₂ and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT ​+ ​ISO and HIIT ​+ ​ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 344-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000106/pdfft?md5=ab7acf9bc48a176885639c1f988830e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music alters heart rate and psychological responses but not muscle activation during light-intensity isometric exercise","authors":"Andrew R. Moore ,&nbsp;Jasmin C. Hutchinson ,&nbsp;Christa Winter ,&nbsp;Paul C. Dalton ,&nbsp;Lori A. Bolgla ,&nbsp;Vincent J. Paolone","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused, which has the potential to improve muscular efficiency. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task, and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus conditions. Apparently healthy subjects (<em>n</em> = ​35; 16 men/19 women) completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 ​min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions: internal focus (INT), external focus with a simple distraction task (EXT), or listening to music (MUS). Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the exercise tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and motivation were measured at the end of each trial. There was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three conditions. HR during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 ​s ([89.4 ​± ​11.8] beats/min vs. [93.1 ​± ​12.9] beats/min; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.018) and 30 ​s ([90.6 ​± ​12.4] beats/min vs. [94.2 ​± ​12.5] beats/min; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.026), and lower than INT at 60 ​s ([93.3 ​± ​13.3] beats/min vs. [96.7 ​± ​12.0] beats/min; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.016). Overall RPE was higher for INT (13.4 ​± ​2.2) than for MUS ([12.6 ​± ​2.0]; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.020) and EXT ([11.94 ​± ​2.22]; <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Affective valence was higher for MUS than for INT ([2.7 ​± ​1.4] vs. [2.1 ​± ​1.5]; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.011). Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task, though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than INT. Using music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000088/pdfft?md5=47a49e15acab2e3457acc2f5e44c6f78&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review","authors":"Denny Agustiningsih ,&nbsp;Tri Wibawa","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the “open window” hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 139-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000040/pdfft?md5=61261b8de738b12a9418618c5d08113f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in school-based settings improve attention and mathematics performance in high school students","authors":"Muhammed M. Atakan ,&nbsp;Betül Atakan","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in a school-based setting on attention and mathematics test performance in high school students. Forty 10^th-grade students (21 females and 19 males; age: [15.0 ± 0.5] years, body mass index: [21.4 ± 2.8] kg/m²) participated in this crossover and quasi-experimental study. In week 1, students were familiarized with the d2 test of attention and Pilates and plyometric exercises activities, and body composition measurements were taken. In both weeks 2 and 3, students completed the d2 test of attention and mathematics test with 20 questions following a single session of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise and a classroom-based non-exercise activity, in a non-randomized order. The exercise sessions included 30 mins of plyometric exercises for male students and Pilates exercise for female students, with intensities corresponding to 10–14 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale_6-20. Compared to the non-exercise activity, a 30-min of Pilates and plyometric exercise resulted in significant improvements in attention score (mean difference [Δ] ​= ​54.5 score; <em>p</em> ​&lt; 0.001; Cohen's effect sizes [<em>d</em>] ​= ​1.26) and concentration performance (Δ ​= ​20.7 score; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.003; <em>d</em> ​= ​0.51). The students scored significantly higher on the mathematics test after participating in the exercise sessions compared to the non-exercise condition (Δ<em>%</em> ​= ​11.7; <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001; <em>d</em> ​= ​0.76). There were no significant differences between genders (<em>p</em> ​&gt; ​0.05). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of acute light-to-moderate-intensity Pilates and plyometric exercises in school-based settings for improving attention and mathematics performance in adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623001002/pdfft?md5=efa4a1734628882c7fb1a8f2de3a2f0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review","authors":"Erika Zemková ,&nbsp;Banafsheh Amiri ,&nbsp;Henrieta Horníková ,&nbsp;Ludmila Zapletalová","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This scoping review aims (1) to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention, plus (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance, increased muscle fatigability, muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control, whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal, spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics, side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion, spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern. However, most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region, whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems. The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small. There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations. A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders. In addition to chronic back pain patients, it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems. Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors, predict which athletes are at risk for back problems, and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them.</p><p>This review was registered using the Open Science Framework Registries (<span>https://osf.io/ha5n7</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 123-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000987/pdfft?md5=614b607dd5869cef70e03fb647f1fe14&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000987-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of physiological and biochemical changes in old and young hyperglycemic rats submitted to aerobic exercise and anabolic steroid use","authors":"Carolina Freitas da Silva ,&nbsp;Morun Bernardino-Neto ,&nbsp;Thiago Montes Fidale ,&nbsp;Anibal Monteiro de Magalhães Neto ,&nbsp;João Rafael Valentim-Silva ,&nbsp;Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo ,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos de Abreu ,&nbsp;Romeu Paulo Martins Silva ,&nbsp;Nilson Penha-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged hyperglycemia conditions are a risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Testosterone is known to cause muscle hypertrophy, reduced fat mass, and increased body strength. The study aimed to verify possible alterations and differences in the influence of testosterone on the physical performance in post-exercise conditions of young and old animals with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. We randomly assigned 32 young Wistar rats to groups of untreated non-diabetic young, treated non-diabetic young, untreated diabetic young, and treated diabetic young rats, and 32 aged Wistar rats to groups of untreated non-diabetic elderly, treated non-diabetic elderly, untreated diabetic elderly, and treated diabetic elderly rats, with eight animals each group. The treated non-diabetic and treated diabetic groups received injections of 15 ​mg/kg weight Durateston™. All the trained groups performed aquatic training with an overload of 5% of the body mass. Following the experiment, we anesthetized and euthanized the animals after exercise (exhaustion). Hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and hematocrit values were higher in the treated groups. The treated diabetic elderly group had the highest leukocyte and neutrophil counts compared to the untreated young groups (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). As for the lipid profile, untreated rats had the highest values. Glucose concentration was higher at rest and after exercise in the untreated diabetic groups (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Lactate was more elevated in the untreated diabetic groups, and the testosterone-treated groups performed the longest swimming time after the maximal test (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The use of testosterone in conjunction with physical exercise improved physical performance in water, blood glucose, and lipid profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsiveness of functional performance and muscle strength, power, and size to resistance training: A systematic review","authors":"Tomé Edson dos Reis Moda ,&nbsp;Ricardo Borges Viana ,&nbsp;Rayra Khalinka Neves Dias ,&nbsp;Eduardo Macedo Penna ,&nbsp;Victor Silveira Coswig","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a recent and growing interest in assessing differential responders to resistance training (RT) for diverse outcomes. Thus, the individual ability to respond to an intervention for a specific measurement, called responsiveness, remains to be better understood. Thus, the current study aimed to summarize the available information about the effects of RT on functional performance and muscle strength, power, and size in healthy adults, through the prevalence rate in different responsiveness classifications models. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021265378). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched in October 2023. A total of 13 studies were included, totaling 921 subjects. Only two studies presented a low risk of bias. Regarding the effectiveness of RT, the prevalence rate for non-responders ranged from 0% to 44% for muscle strength, from 0% to 84% for muscle size, and from 0% to 42% for functional performance, while for muscle power, the only study found showed a responsiveness rate of 37%. In conclusion, a wide range of differential responders is described for all variables investigated. However, the evidence summarized in this systematic review suggested some caution while interpreting the findings, since the body of evidence found seems to be incipient, and widely heterogeneous in methodological and statistical aspects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 111-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000951/pdfft?md5=2535c0cc888661d3a8a1fd6bbd25f80e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000951-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}