Hitotsubashi journal of social studies最新文献

{"title":"Education politics and teachers: Sweden and some comparisons with Great Britain","authors":"L. Lundahl","doi":"10.15057/8264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8264","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers are always central factors in education policy. However their roles vary depending on how educational matters are decided and managed. Furthermore, teachers’ power and control over their working conditions and teaching may vary in di#erent education systems. Up until the 1980s, Swedish teachers at primary and secondary levels were supposed to act as loyal civil servants in a strongly centralised and regulated education system. State directives were regarded as necessary to guarantee uniform schooling regardless of gender,socio-economic, cultural and geographic background of the students. From the 1980s and onwards, this picture has changed. Education and governance of education have undergone a rather dramatic transformation, which highly a#ects the work and position of teachers. Today teachers are supposed to be responsible, autonomous professionals, not only teaching and promoting the development of young people but also actively participating in the development of the school and education as such. Not only have the majority of detailed regulations disappeared but the resources — funding and time — to manage the many new assignments and cope with the increasingly heterogenous groups of students have also diminished.The aim of this report is firstly to compare and contrast two forms of welfare states, i.e. Sweden and Great Britain, and their patterns of educational restructuring and secondly todiscuss their possible consequences for teachers’ work and professional status. The focus is on the Swedish case as this is the country and system that is best known to me. I want to compare it to the British, or perhaps more correctly the English, case in order to highlight both similarities and profound di#erences between the two European countries.The analysis is based on studies of education policy and teacher work in Europe, Sweden and Great Britain. One of these is the OECD project Attracting, Developing and RetainingE#ective Teachers (2002-2004), another Education Governance, Social Integration and Exclusion in Europe (EGSIE, 1998-2001) , funded by the European Union. Sweden and GreatBritain were included in both. Moreover, I refer to scientific work analysing and comparing Swedish and British welfare and education (e.g. Kall´os & Lindblad 1994, Whitty et. al. 1998,Hudson & Lidstr¨om 2002).In the following section I discuss di#erent international patterns of welfare states and education policy as a basis for the presentation of the Swedish case and the comparison with British conditions.","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126756317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teachers' professional identities and their occupational culture: based on the findings of a comparative survey on teachers among five countries","authors":"Y. Hasegawa, Y. Kudomi","doi":"10.15057/8263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"618 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115827582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"”Objektivitat der Welt und Intersubjektivitat der Verstandigung” : Habermas’ Neuere Auseinandersetzung mit Hegel","authors":"T. Okochi","doi":"10.15057/8268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125807295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally based intervention for post traumatic stress","authors":"Tomoko Imura","doi":"10.15057/8267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132658547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomy of practical reason and its limit : Kant's theory of practical interest","authors":"Taiju Okochi","doi":"10.15057/8270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8270","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of interest is one of the least treated concepts in the studies of Kant’s philosophy even though he uses this concept in every field of his philosophy. But in practical reason, Kant’s philosophy faces a specific di$culty with this concept because the reason makes itself autonomic only by excluding inclinations as motives to moral activity. This paper analyses two interest concepts, both of which Kant names practical, but with di#erent meanings: one is practical interest (1) in opposition to the pathological one; the other is also practical interest (2) but now in opposition to the theoretical or speculative one. Because of their definitions, they should be two di#erent concepts, but I maintain they are connected very closely to each other, and it is in this connection where the autonomy of the practical reason should be ensured and at the same time, where it is exposed to its limit. The concept of interest has many variations in Kant’s philosophy, in each field of theoretical, or practical reason or the capacity of judgment. But his uses of this concept are not always consistent, which is why it has been treated as peripheral or one of the “side issues”. Habermas’ Erkenntnis und Interesse contributed to the focus on this concept in the ’70s, but it seems to have been forgotten in the late years. 1 Research for this paper was supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) and a fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. I am grateful to the JSPS for these supports. 2 The concepts of the speculative and the practical interest already appear in the Antinomy of Pure Reason of the First Critique (B494#.). Besides for example: the architectural interest (A475 B503); the interest in the extent and the interest in the content (A654f. B682f.). See also: V, 271. Apart from the Critique of Pure Reason, all references to Kant are to Kants gesammelte Schriften, herausgegeben von Königlichen Preußischen (später Deutschen) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1902#. References to the Critique of Pure Reason are to the standard A and B pagination of the first and second editions. I used the following English translations of Kant’s works: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Norman Kemp Smith. London / Basingstoke: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1970 (Reprinted). ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals’, in H. J. Paton, The Moral Law. Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. A New Translation with Analysis and Notes. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1964","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127624098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der transzendentale idealismus und die widerlegung des materialen idealismus in den beiden auflagen der kritik der reinen vernunft und den prolegomena von Kant","authors":"T. Okochi","doi":"10.15057/8272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8272","url":null,"abstract":"Das Motiv einer Widerlegung des Idealismus hat Kant einerseits schon in seiner vorkritischen Zeit gehabt. Wir konnen z. B. in seiner Habilitationsschrift von 1755 seine fruheste Beschaftigung mit diesem Problem finden.1 Andererseits versuchte er auch in seinen Reflexionen nach der Veroffentlichung der zweiten Auflage seiner Kritik der reinen Vernunft , die Widerlegung des Idealismus immer weiter umzuschreiben. Insofern hat die Aufgabe, den Idealismus zu widerlegen, ihn in seinem ganzen Leben beschaftigt. Wir finden auch schon in den beiden Auflagen der AT. r. V. zwei ganz andere Versionen der Widerlegung des Idealismus. Man hat diese oft einen der wichtigsten Grunde der Umarbeitung seines Hauptwerks genannt. Aber diese Umarbeitung rief die Diskussionen daruber hervor, welche Auflage uberzeugender oder mehr der Kantischen kritischen Philosophie entspreche. Z. B. ist es bekannt, dass Schopenhauer im Rahmen seiner idealistischen Theorie die erste Auflage der zweiten vorzieht.2 K. Fischer ist ebenfalls einer, der die Besserung des Werks in der zweiten Auflage bezweifelt.3 Im Gegenteil dazu ziehen Kant-Forscher wie B. Erdmann und N. K. Smith die zweite Auflage der ersten vor.4 H. Cohen findet, die beiden Auflagen stimmen miteinander uberein.5 Besonders bemerkenswert sind die neueren Forschungen, die die zweite Auflage nur als eine Station zur weiteren Entwicklung der Widerlegung ansehen und versuchen, Kants Leistungen in den Reflexionen nach 1787 zu sehen.6 Diese letzte Stellung ist sehr plausibel, weil Kant schon in der Vorrede zur zweiten Auflage eine Stelle aus der »Widerlegung des Idealismus\" korrigiert, obwohl er gerade das Werk fertig gestellt hat (BXXXIX). Das verrat, dass er damit noch nicht ganz zufrieden war. Aber in dieser Arbeit gehen wir auf die Entwicklung seiner Lehre der Widerlegung des Idealismus weder vor noch nach den beiden Auflagen der K r. V. ein. Wir beschranken uns hier auf die drei veroffentlichten Schriften zwischen 1781 und 1787, d. h. die erste und zweite Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft und Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik, die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen , die zwischen beiden Auflagen der K r. V. 1783","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129056430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary education reform and teachers : the meaning of their positions in the reform and the transformation of their occupational culture","authors":"Y. Kudomi","doi":"10.15057/8273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"145 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japan's Elite Networks at the Apex of Power","authors":"C. Schmidt","doi":"10.15057/8276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123566562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EXPATRIATES IN THAILAND","authors":"Tomoko Imura","doi":"10.15057/8278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8278","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the mental health system that has been established for expatriates in Thailand. A number of studies have investigated the special difficulties caused by language, culture, and social systems, when undertaking psychiatric treatment with people of a different cultural background from the healer. Sometimes physicians who are undergoing training abroad can legally treat compatriotic patients. However, it is difficult for expatriates in countries with advanced mental healthcare systems to get treatment in Southeast Asian countries, where few doctors from industrialized countries have studied and where understanding of mental healthcare is limited. Thailand was chosen for this study because the high number of expatriate lives there although it has a mental healthcare system created exclusively for expatriates. It is important to maximize mental support resources in multicultural psychiatric treatment. Therefore, an attempt was made to illustrate the transcultural mental health support system in Thailand, which has included not only mental health professionals but also surroundings in the community. Key word: Mental health, System, Expatriate, Thailand","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116618594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universities and the Learning Regions: Creation of Knowledge and Social Capital in the Learning Society","authors":"F. Kitagawa","doi":"10.15057/8280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/8280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335834,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of social studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115610274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}