Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving最新文献

{"title":"ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF MODERN NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES","authors":"Yu. A. Selikhov, K. Gorbunov, A. V. Samoilov, V. A. Stasov","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the world energy economy has developed in such a way that 80 % of the electricity consumed is obtained by burning fuel at power plants, where the chemical energy of the fuel is first converted into heat, heat into work, and work into electricity. Hydropower also provides a significant percentage (about 15 %), the rest is covered by other sources, mainly nuclear power plants. Human needs are growing, there are more and more people, and this causes gigantic volumes of energy production and growth rates of its consumption. Today, traditional energy sources (various fuels, hydro resources) and technologies for their use are no longer able to provide the required level of energy availability of society, because these are non-renewable sources. And although the explored reserves of natural fuels are very large, the problem of depletion of natural reserves at the current and projected rates of their development is moving into a real and near future. Even today, a number of fields, due to depletion, turn out to be unsuitable for industrial development, and for oil and gas, for example, one has to go to hard-to-reach, remote territories, to ocean shelves, etc. The forecast proves that while maintaining the current volumes and growth rates of energy consumption at 5–7 %, fossil fuel reserves will completely run out in 70–150 years. Another factor limiting a significant increase in energy production through fuel combustion is the ever-increasing environmental pollution from energy production waste. These wastes are significant in mass and contain a large number of various harmful components. This is where acid rain comes from, the disappearance of ozone, the poisoning of farmland and water bodies. Moreover, nature is no longer able to process these pollution and self-repair by natural physico-chemical and microbiological methods. \u0000In nuclear power, environmental problems of a different kind arise. They are associated with the need to exclude the ingress of nuclear fuel into the environment and the reliable disposal of nuclear waste, which, with the current level of development of technology and technology, is associated with great difficulties. \u0000No less harmful is the thermal pollution of the environment, which can lead to global warming of the Earth's climate, melting of glaciers and rising sea levels. \u0000In the light of the above, the widespread practical use of non-traditional and renewable energy sources, which are also environmentally friendly and do not pollute the environment, is becoming increasingly relevant. \u0000The article briefly presents an analytical review of modern non-traditional and renewable energy sources.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIAL INTERPRETATION OF A. EINSTEIN'S ENERGY EQUATION","authors":"Oleg B. Anipko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that A. Einstein's theory is well applicable for macro objects. However, for micro systems it does not give valid results. The totality of all physical processes is described by four interrelated components – energy, substance (matter), space, time. There is no space component in the structure of the energy equation. Based on the unity of physical nature, it is of interest to create such a theory that was equally applicable to both macro and micro systems. An interpretation of this equation is proposed which contains the volume of space with a certain mass and energy. The resulting expression containing the specific energy of space, and the density of matter in this space, allows you to combine energy, space, time and matter into a single pattern. The directions of perspective researches are determined using the developed interpretation of the energy equation.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX OF SECONDARY CONDENSATION OF AMMONIA PRODUCTIONS AS AN OBJECT OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS","authors":"А. К. Babichenko, Ya. O. Кravchenko, Yu. К. Babichenko, I. Krasnikov, Y. H. Lysachenko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the hardware and technological design of the technological complex of secondary condensation (TCSC) operating in Ukraine units for the synthesis of ammonia of the AM-1360 series have been established. The disadvantage of such units is the excessive consumption of electricity as a result of the use of an electrically driven turbocharger refrigeration unit. The direction of the study of TCSC as a technical system is determined from the standpoint of system analysis. Its advantages in solving inventive problems are determined. The technical system is considered element by element. The main control tasks that the TCSC operator performs are defined. The conclusion is made about the dependence of any technical system, which necessitates the presentation of TCSC as a subsystem in relation to the anthropometric system. Useful, maintenance and harmful functions of TCSC are isolated and analyzed. Their definition and belonging is due to certain properties of the elements of the technical system, which are provided by the main useful function. It is shown that the main useful function is derived from the needs of the operator. Therefore, the anthropometric system in relation to the technical system is a supersystem. The analysis of TCSC made it possible to establish administrative, technical and physical contradictions in accordance with the main useful function – increasing the energy efficiency of TCSC. A systematic approach was applied to perform a goal-oriented system of actions using such terms as visual situation, goal, goal achievement operators, resources, by-products (phenomena). The improvement operator (Q-innovation) of the technical system and \"free\" resources (R-innovation) for the implementation of the goal operator are determined. This made it possible to synthesize a new TCSC technical system, the increase in energy efficiency (i.e., the performance of the main useful function) of which is ensured by a reduction in electricity consumption by 3.6 thousand kWh even when the ambient air temperature rises above 30 °C.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATION OF THE OPERATION OF A HEAT AND POWER PLANT","authors":"Yu. A. Selikhov, K. Gorbunov","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The main motive for the accelerated development of renewable energy in Europe, the United States and many other countries is the desire of states for energy independence and environmental security. The impetus for the use of new technologies in the use of energy from non-traditional sources was two factors: the energy crisis of the early 70s and the increasing requirements for environmental protection. The experience gained by different countries in the use of heat pumps and wind power generators demonstrates the high possibilities of easily converting these types of energy into thermal energy and electricity, which can be successfully used to supply: electricity, hot water, hot air, heating in the premises of public and private households, and as well as providing various kinds of technological and domestic needs not only in different industries, but also at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. In this paper, the authors propose a developed and implemented improved automated heat and power plant for supplying: electricity, hot water, hot air and heating for private households. To solve the above problems, a scheme was developed for preheating the coolant through the use of: an electric water heater with a thermal power of 54 kW, a heat pump and a wind power generator with an electrical power of 50 kW, which produces electricity for the operation of all electrical equipment in private households and batteries of electricity and heat. The automation system allows you to control the installation without human intervention. The operation of this installation makes it possible to save organic fuel, which would be used to heat the coolant to the required temperature in a low-power boiler house.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXAMINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA SAMPLES FOR THE PRESENCE OF OUTLIERS: COMPARISON OF METHODS","authors":"T. V. Potanina, I. V. Mykhaylenko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"The task of detecting outliers (misses, abnormalous values, results that stand out sharply, results that have come off) is one of the most relevant, complex and ambiguous in the experimental materialprocessing. Such values are the experiment results, which are abnormally far from other points from a series of parallel observations. \u0000The source of emissions is often measurement errors. Among these are incorrect recording of the experiment results, possible incorrect coding of data, incorrect conduct of the experiment, etc. Gross errors occur in the event of a sudden change in the conditions of conducting the research, malfunctions in the operation of the equipment, etc. \u0000At the same time, outliers may indicate an unexpected, extraordinary behavior of the measured value – a yet-to-be-explained property process manifestation. And that's why an analysis using reliable mathematical tools is needed. \u0000The methods of detecting emissions are diverse and numerous. Parametric tests are more sensitive to the sample size and to the population values probability distribution. Non-parametric tests are more flexible and can be applied if the non-normal distributon of the sample or the sample size is small; such criteria give a better result in asymmetric distributions, because they use the median instead of the mean; they can be applied to ordinal or nominal data, as well as in the situation of an aberrant outlier value. \u0000Interval analysis methods, in particular interval statistics, are an alternative flexible toolkit for obtaining a more accurate and complete analysis of experimental data in the incomplete information, noise presence, measurement outliers, and the presence of abnormalous and aberrant points. \u0000A comparison of the results of the application of parametric criteria (-criterion, -criterion, Lvovskyi) and non-parametric criteria (the box-and-whiskers-plot) for detecting emissions, as well as calculation using interval statistics methods, was carried out. One of the outliers was determined by the non-parametric criterion, the -criterion and the procedure for detecting a single outlier using interval methods. Two values are suspicious outliers using the box-whisker rule and the interval statistics recognition algorithm. \u0000The methods of detecting outliers using interval analysis methods are no less effective than the use of non-parametric tests.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMULATION OF OSCILLATIONS OF WATER MOLECULES USING THE MODEL OF A TWO-FREQUENCY PENDULUM IN THE JAHN-TELLER POTENTIAL","authors":"N. T. Malafayev, O. O. Gaponova","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction potential for water molecules is considered, which corresponds to the presence of bends in hydrogen bonds in it. To explain the nature of this phenomenon, the theory of the Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) is applied. A model of the Jahn–Teller potential (JTP) was constructed, which has a minimum at a certain angle Θ. To simulate oscillations of water molecules in JTP using a pendulum, a correction of the angular potential U1 in the potential of directed forces (PDF) of intermolecular interaction is proposed using a wavelet type additive ΔU1 = c cos(mΘ)/exp(sΘ2). The parameters for the wavelet are selected based on the magnitude of the bending of hydrogen bonds in water (m=s=8, c=0…0.1). Modeling of rotational oscillations of molecules in JTP was carried out using the model of a two-frequency pendulum, which takes into account the ratio of the moments of inertia of the molecule (pendulum) along the axes k=3 and the PDF index n=8 in JTP Un =U1n. New types of pendulum oscillations in the JTP are determined in comparison with the original PDF (c=0) and their features. It is established that several types of oscillations are observed for this potential. These are new: sector, rotation of the pendulum in the potential trough – disordered or ordered, as well as types for PDF: two-frequency independent oscillations (IO) along the axes and ellipse-like oscillations (ELO) at one frequency. Oscillations in the JTP chute are observed for the main range of initial velocities inside an elliptical ring compressed along the Y axis, and only for the ELO, in an elliptical region elongated along the Y axis, as in the PDF. The methodology for calculating and analyzing the oscillation parameters of a two-frequency pendulum has been improved. The boundaries of oscillation types are determined for given parameters of the potential and a number of initial data. The difference between the patterns of oscillations is established for cases when the initial displacement of the pendulum is greater or less than the position of the minimum of the JTP. It is shown that the velocities at the boundary of the transition from the rotation of the pendulum in the potential trough to the IO correlate with the magnitude of the JTP maximum on the axis of the pendulum. The presence of stable transverse vibrations in the JTP for the case of protons of water molecules can apparently be considered as a new degree of freedom for vibrations of water molecules, which can lead to an explanation of the large contribution of rotational vibration modes to its heat capacity.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSPECTS OF USING ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR HEATING OF REGENERATIVE AIR HEATERS FOR BLASТ FURNACES","authors":"O. Koshelnik, S. Hoisan, Tatiana Pugacheva, Olga Kruglyakova, Victoria Pavlova","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill gas as one of the promising artificial gaseous fuels is analyzed for use in heating system of regenerative air heaters for blast furnaces. Increasing the temperature of blast is one of the most effective ways for metallurgical coke saving and increase the productivity of blast furnaces. To increase this temperature, a mixture of blast-furnace and coke oven gases is used as fuel for regenerative heat exchangers. Considering the current shortage of coke oven gas, landfill gas, the main combustible element of which is methane, is proposed as a high-calorie additive to the main fuel. Calculations were made for the combustion of a mixture of gaseous fuels in three combinations: blast-furnace gas, blast-furnace and coke gases mixture, blast-furnace and landfill gases mixture. The possibility of increasing the temperature of the hot blast to 1250 °C for the air supply system of a blast furnace with a volume of 1033 m³ was considered. Calculations showed that in order to achieve such a temperature, the adiabatic combustion temperature should be 1423 °C, and the flue gas temperature in the crown should be 1300 °C. Such temperatures cannot be reached using only blast-furnace gas, so two possible options were considered. The first option is the use of a coke and blast furnace gases mixture with a coke gas content of 6.3 % and combustion air heating to 180 °C by exhaust gases from blast furnace air heaters. The second option is combustion of a mixture of blast-furnace and landfill gas with combustion air heating to 180 °C (the content of landfill gas is 7.6 %). The flow rate of the fuel mixture for the second option is 68,523 m³ /h, and the required amount of landfill gas is 5208 m³ /h. The volumes of gas output from landfills in large cities are reported to be 5–10 MCM a year, which is less than the amount of biogas required to heat an air heater. Therefore, to achieve the required temperature it makes sense to consider a tree gas mixture that is blast-furnace, coke and landfill gases an appropriate proportions. The use of landfill gas contributes to the solution of an important environmental problem of land and atmosphere pollution during the accumulation of municipal solid waste.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"53 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STREAMS HEAT INTEGRATION IN THE SEPARATION PROCESS OF THE FURFURAL-WATER HETEROAZEOTROPIC MIXTURE BY USING TWO STRETCHING COLUMNS","authors":"Tatiana Babak, Sergey Bykanov, Constantine Gorbunov, Eugenia Ponomarenko, Lyudmila Solovey","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The process of azeotropic mixtures rectification takes place in many branches of the chemical industry. This process requires significant energy consumption both for heating and evaporation of process streams, and for vapor condensation and cooling of products. The consumption of external energy essentially depends on the methods of separation processes organization. Pinch analysis is one of the modern methods for designing chemical-technological systems with the aim of optimal use of external energy sources by maximizing the heat integration of system process streams, taking into account the limitations of a particular manufacture, the requirements of environmental safety and environmental protection. In this paper the heat integration of the heteroazeotropic furfural-water mixture separation process by two columns was considered. In each column the azeoptrope is a light-boiling one, and one of the mixture components is a low-boiling one. The heat and material balances of the rectifying plant were calculated and the table of its streams was formed, that is, the data of the chemical-technological system were extracted. From the total set of heat streams, the subset was selected for heat integration. Composite curves for the selected heat streams subject to heat integration were built and their relative position on the temperature-enthalpy diagram was analyzed. This analysis showed that for a certain value of the minimum temperature difference in the heat exchange equipment Тmin, there is a threshold problem. The problem was formulated for a value of Тmin slightly less than the threshold value that led to a slight increase in the consumption of external energy carriers. Options for further improvement of the network of heat exchangers were considered, and the occurrence of a cycle through the pseudopinch was identified. It gave possibility to remove a heat exchanger with a low load and redistribute this load among to other ones. Restoring Тmin in this case is impossible, because a strict restriction on the absence of hot utilities is accepted. Significant savings in external utilities load have been demonstrated. For retrofit modern Alfa Laval heat exchange equipment was selected for all the necessary positions.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF MARINE FUEL DERIVED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS","authors":"Andriy Chernyavsky, Andriy Grigorov","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the need to determine the operational properties of shipping fuel obtained from secondary polyolefin (HDPE and PP) raw materials by catalytic pyrolysis. It is proposed to evaluate the operational properties of fuel for shipping – marine gasoil (MGO) by the value of the cetane index (CI, unit), H:C ratio, working heat of combustion (Q, MJ/kg). In view of the scheme of catalytic pyrolysis of polymeric raw materials proposed by us, which consists of two stages (I stage - the course of reactions on a mixture (1:1) of zeolitecontaining catalysts Zn-H-ZSM-5/Fe-H-ZSM-5; II stage – the course of reactions on the NiH-ZSM-5 catalyst), it is necessary to determine after each stage of the process the quality indicators of the reaction products (fractions with boiling points of -360(380) °С) given above. Also, additionally, we determined the quality indicators for the fractions obtained on the H-ZSM-5 industrial catalyst. The proposed research program, on the one hand, allows to determine the efficiency of the pyrolysis process with the selected catalysts in comparison with industrial technology, on the other hand, it will allow to adjust the process in the direction of obtaining a final product of a quality level that meets the requirements for MGO presented in ISO 8217:2017. The conducted studies showed that by the value of CI (48-50 units) and ν 40 (2,8–3,1 mm²/s) the fractions with boiling points of 180–360(380) °С, which were obtained by pyrolysis of polymer raw materials according to the two-stage technology proposed by us (on Zn-H-ZSM-catalysts 5/Fe-H-ZSM-5, Ni-H-ZSM-5) can be attributed to the brands of distillate marine fuels DMA, DFA, DMZ, DFZ (ISO 8217:2017). These fractions are also characterized by a high Н:C ratio (for HDPE – 1.62; for PP – 1.64) and working heat of combustion (for HDPE – 44.0 MJ/kg; for PP – 44.3 MJ/kg), which makes it possible to use them as fuels for shipping.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"55 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF WASTE GAS CLEANING METHODS FROM SULFUR DIOXIDE","authors":"O. Dzevochko, M. Podustov, A. Dzevochko, A. Pashko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2023.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that sulfur dioxide is one of the most common components of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. \u0000It is presented that a large amount of SO2 is emitted into the atmosphere in the production of sulfuric acid, during the combustion of fuel in thermal power plants, in modern production of surfactants. \u0000Sulfur dioxide has been shown to be responsible for the formation of acid rain, which is one of the most common forms of pollution worldwide. \u0000The transport of sulfur compounds over long distances leads to the deposition of sulfur dioxide in soils and waterways. \u0000It is known that all known methods of waste gas purification are divided into three main groups: ammonia methods, SO2 neutralization methods, catalytic methods. \u0000In the general case, absorption methods are divided into open and circulating cleaning schemes. \u0000It is shown that ammonia-acid methods are economical, but require the cost of a scarce product – ammonia. \u0000The ammonia-sulfuric acid method consists in the treatment of ammonium bisulfite with sulfuric acid. \u0000When using the ammonia-phosphorus-acid method, phosphorus methods and sulfuric acid are formed. \u0000The soda method is based on the absorption of sulfur dioxide by a suspension of CaO. \u0000The lime method is based on the absorption of sulfur dioxide by a suspension of CaO. \u0000It is shown that when using a sodium hydroxide solution as an absorbent, both open-loop and circulating cleaning schemes are used. \u0000Open circuits are characterized by simple hardware design, as well as low energy for cleaning. \u0000It has been shown that catalytic methods for cleaning exhaust gases do not require the use of an absorbent. However, it is necessary to use an expensive catalyst. More often, this method is used at the first stage of cleaning, and at the second – the above methods of cleaning. \u0000A table with comparative technical and economic indicators is given. \u0000It is shown that for the production of surfactants it is better to use open-loop purification schemes. \u0000It is suggested that sodium hydroxide solution can be chosen as the absorbent. With the content of small amounts of sodium sulfite in a solution of sodium hydroxide, it can be used as a neutralizing agent in the neutralization of sulfation products.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}