Eminak最新文献

{"title":"Українське село напередодні катастрофи: епістолярний автопортрет (1926-1928 рр.)","authors":"Sergiy Lyakh","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).667","url":null,"abstract":"Мета статті – піддати сумніву уявлення, що українське пореволюційне село було відсталим, неписьменним, аполітичним гальмом соціального прогресу.
 Наукова новизна. Запропонована альтернатива давній традиції дослідження свідомості українського селянства за документами, матеріалами та наративами компартійних вождів, «радянського» чиновництва, комуністичної преси, відомчої статистики. Здійснена спроба відтворити ментальну карту села і систему цінностей українського селянства за текстами самих селян. Продемонстровані влучність, дотепність, колоритність, практичність селянинової думки та селянинового слова.
 Висновки. Аналіз селянських листів до газети «Радянське село» 1926-1928 рр. дозволяє стверджувати, що українське пореволюційне село було: тотально українським своєю мовою, культурою та світоглядом; маскулінним; глибоко індивідуалістичним; модернізованим на рівні оперативної діяльності та патріархальним психологічно; сповненим самоповаги; витривалим; ображеним та іронічним; антикомуністичним; антимосковським; лояльним до держави й одноразово гіперкритичним до неї; з власним баченням необхідних змін.
 Узагальнивши чисельні пропозиції кількох сотень селян-дописувачів, можна побачити продуману програму вимог, свого роду селянську конституцію. Її головні положення: відмова від «класового принципу» в оподаткуванні; відмова від політики «ножиць» цін і повернення до економічно обґрунтованої цінової політики; скасування державної монополії на зовнішню торгівлю; пропорційне представництво робітників і селян в усіх органах влади; реальне виконання проголошеної програми загальної початкової освіти, широкий доступ до середньої та вищої освіти; реальне проведення українізації управлінського апарату.
 Протистояння бідняцької та заможної частини селянства не було «класовою боротьбою» сільських комунарів зі світом капіталу. В основі ворожнечі бідноти з «куркулями» лежало прагнення розширити своє землекористування і самим стати повноцінними хазяями. З весни 1928 р. перед лицем повномасштабного державного терору село об’єдналося та демонструвало відверту ворожість компартійній владі. Значного поширення набуло чекання війни і «нової революції».","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":" August","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resettlement Policy of the Soviet Government in the UkrSSR in the 1920s","authors":"Vladylena Sokyrska, Iryna Krupenya","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).664","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to give an objective assessment of both the resettlement policy of the Soviet state and the practice of its implementation in Ukraine, to establish the stages of this policy, the causes of resettlement, their scale, the state and peculiarities of the organisation of resettlement affairs in the 1920s, and to show it as a period and a prerequisite for forced mass resettlement in the following years.
 The scientific novelty of the research results lies in a new assessment of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s, the determination of the stages and principles of resettlement, the clarification of the factors that prompted the Ukrainian peasantry to change their place of residence, and the proof of the inability of the state authorities to establish an appropriate social – economic policy and solving the issue of agrarian overpopulation. The article shows the use of the resettlement organised by the Soviet authorities to clear the border strip of “socially dangerous” elements. It is proved that the general line of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s was to replace spontaneous migrations with purposeful, planned and regulated measures, with a gradual transition to mass deportations.
 Conclusions. The article is devoted to one of the important socio-economic problems of the history of the Soviet period – the resettlement policy of the Bolshevik government in the 1920s, which has not lost its relevance even today. Various aspects of resettlement from Ukraine in the 1920s remain understudied to this day. In this article, the problems of the resettlement of peasants in the period of the 1920s from the largest agrarian region of the USSR – Ukraine, are investigated on the basis of specific historical material, using the achievements of historiography and documents of the central archival institutions of the higher authorities and administration of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Features of state policy, material and organisational capabilities of the resettlement case, causes, scales and difficulties of resettlement are shown.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":" July","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Антиукраїнська політика в історичній освіті України за міністра Д. Табачника (2010 – початок 2014 рр.)","authors":"Serhii Terno, Galyna Turchenko","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).668","url":null,"abstract":"Метою статті є аналіз антиукраїнської політики в історичній освіті за міністра освіти і науки України Д. Табачника (2010 – початок 2014 рр.). Дослідження ідеологічного наступу вкрай важливо для того, аби ідентифікувати та протидіяти подібним небезпекам у майбутньому. Задля цього було здійснено ретроспективний аналіз діяльності Д. Табачника та виділено етапи та методи його деструктивної діяльності.
 Наукова новизна полягає у дослідженні антиукраїнської політики Д. Табачника в сфері історичної освіти. Виділено етапи деструктивної діяльності міністра освіти і науки, який всю силу адміністративного апарату держави спрямував на руйнацію української ідентичності передовсім в історичній освіті.
 Висновки. В ході дослідження встановлено, що міністр освіти і науки України Д. Табачник за президентства В. Януковича здійснював системні заходи з нищення української національної ідентичності та впровадження в історичну освіту ідей «русского мира». З цією метою було проведено низку ідеологічних диверсій: 1) операція «спільний підручник з історії» для школярів (2010); 2) операція «спільний посібник» для вчителів історії (2010-2012); 3) перегляд навчальних програм з історії з метою деукраїнізації молодого покоління українців, що супроводжувалось вилученням з програм поняття «Україна», «українська держава» та історичних постатей Богдана Хмельницького, Тараса Шевченка, Михайла Грушевського, Івана Франка, Лесі Українки – символів України (2012); 4) суттєве скорочення часу на вивчення доленосних подій вітчизняної історії в пропедевтичному курсі історії; 5) перегляд програм Зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання та вилучення з них діячів Організації українських націоналістів С. Бандери та Р. Шухевича (2013); 6) введення до програми ЗНО радянських діячів Петровського, П’ятакова, Щорса, Хрущова (2013).
 Діяльність міністра освіти і науки Д. Табачника нанесла значну шкоду історичній освіті України. Головна мета його дій полягала у розчиненні української ідентичності та нівелюванні національних цінностей. Молодому поколінню українців прищеплювалось зневажливе ставлення до своєї країни, її історії та культури. Натомість через насаджування меншовартості робились спроби включити Україну в орбіту «русского мира». Проте, антиукраїнська політика Д. Табачника наразилася на громадський супротив та не мала значного успіху.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":" January","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Аграрна освіта у сільськогосподарських навчальних закладах Херсонської губернії другої половини 19 – початку 20 ст.","authors":"Oleksandr Trygub","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).659","url":null,"abstract":"Метою статті є окреслення загальних тенденцій становлення аграрної освіти другої половини 19 – початку 20 ст. у межах Херсонської губернії; визначення кола ключових сільськогосподарських навчальних закладів, їх виникнення та розвиток у зазначений період; характеристика соціальної та вікової складової контингенту учнів тощо.
 Наукова новизна: узагальнено відомості з питання становлення аграрної освіти у Херсонській губернії у дорадянський час; сформовано соціальну картину учнів, яка свідчить про переважно селянську спрямованість аграрної освіти.
 Висновки. З початком реалізації Селянської реформи все актуальнішим поставало питання підвищення ефективності сільського виробництва, що напряму було пов’язано із поширенням агрономічних знань і підготовкою професійних агрономів.
 В останній чверті 19 ст. увага прогресивних кіл суспільства – земських органів, громадських організацій і приватних осіб до розвитку нижчої сільської профтехшколи неухильно зростала й об’єднувалися їхні зусилля щодо створення навчальних закладів. У Херсонській губернії ключову роль у відкритті навчальних аграрних закладів і подальшому їхньому розвиткові відігравали земства, громадські об’єднання та приватна ініціатива. Держава, у розрізі підтримки й розвитку аграрної освіти, виступала здебільшого одним із інвесторів, регулятором і контролюючим органом, виконуючи в їх започаткуванні другорядну роль.
 Не дивлячись на постійну нестачу коштів, слабку навчально-методичну, дидактичну й організаційно-правову базу аграрні навчальні заклади зробили суттєвий внесок у становлення системи підготовки кваліфікованого кадрового потенціалу сільського господарства регіону. Окрім того, нововідкриті заклади зробили певний внесок до наукових пошуків у в аграрній сфері, допомагали в організації зразкових полів, упроваджували нові сільськогосподарські культури, закладали нові сади, виноградники тощо.
 Несли сільськогосподарські навчальні заклади і просвітницьку роль. На початку 20 ст. традиційним стало проведення на їх базі різного роду курсів (для агрономів, вчителів, селянства тощо) з викладанням знань із сільського господарства; а Російське товариство з поширення освіти між євреями відряджало учителів єврейських шкіл до Новополтавки «для ознайомлення з постановкою навчання природознавству» і т.д.
 Фінансування. Стаття підготовлена за результатами фундаментального дослідження «Соціокультурний простір України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: селянський світ» (номер державної реєстрації: 0123U101600) за підтримки Національного фонду досліджень України.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":" May","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serbian Programs for the Expulsion of Albanian Kosovars from Kosovo Between Two World Wars","authors":"Ylli Hashani, Bujar Dugolli","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).663","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research paper is treat of the forced displacement of Albanians from Kosovo to Albania in the years 1918-1941 by the Serbian government through various programs. Serbian programs for the expulsion of Albanians, initiated since the ‘Načertanije’ (‘Draft Plan’) of 1844, did not cease throughout the entire 20th century. Between the two World Wars, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes – Yugoslavia drew up a large number of programs against the Albanians, where the key point was the displacement of Albanians from their lands and the reversal of the demographic structure to the detriment of the Albanians people, applying various methods and measures of violence.
 The scientific novelty. Until the 1930s, Serbian circles assessed that these measures had not yielded the desired effects, thus it was necessary to continue with several programs and strategies that would lead to a large-scale ethnic cleansing of Albanians by expelling them from their lands or assimilating them. This paper deals with all the Serbian programs and plans which were applied by means of three main actions such as forced displacement, colonization and agrarian reform.
 Conclusions. Based on what we have discussed, there is no doubt that the policy of Serbian government’s violence against Albanians materialized through these infamous programs. The Serbian authorities had primary intentions of ethnic cleansing and changing the ethnic structure in the regions where Albanians predominated. The expulsion of Albanians occurred according to these programs, as the Serbian government had institutionalized and utilized these various programs to achieve its goals. During this period, Albanians faced all the measures of violence from the state apparatus in Belgrade, their lives deteriorated day by day in all spheres of life, and as a result, an extremely large number of them were forced to be displaced and leave their homelands. The policy of Greater Serbia ideology did not cease, not only in this period but throughout the entire 20th century.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":" April","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pottery Kilns of the end 17 – early 18 Century From the Town of Reshetylivka (Poltava Region)","authors":"Oksana Kovalenko, Liudmyla Babenko, Roman Lugovy","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).647","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to reconstruct the process of firing pottery in the Hetmanate for the Early modern time, for example the materials from the rescue archaeological researches of two pottery kilns, carried out in 2006 in the former centurion town of Reshetylivka, Poltava regiment.
 The scientific novelty lies in that for the first time it is considered and described in detail of these pottery kilns construction, the characteristic feature of which was the use of kiln boxtype tiles to strengthen these thermo-technical facilities. For strengthening of the pottery kilns were used boxtype tiles. Such constructive specification sometimes was use in pottery kilns construction of Cossack Hetmanate pottery centers, but the peculiarity of these kilns is compilation of kiln’s central pillars completely of tiles. Was held the analysis of found in their filling materials, in particular, kitchenware, tiles (‘kahli’), candlesticks and other items.
 Conclusions. Found pottery kilns were built by one potter at his own estate in late 17 – early 18 centuries. Their forms of the kilns are typical for pottery kilns widespread on the territory of Ukraine at that time. All of tiles according to the place in a stove are divided into wall, corner and cornice. All of them are boxtype, rectangular with a small walls. According to the decor, the wall's boxytipe tiles are divided into seven types: with heraldic image of a two-headed eagle; with the heraldic image of the fight between the griffon and the lion; with rectangular center net with encircled thin branches; with crosses; with plant-geometric ornament; with the crossed stems of six three-petal ‘lilies’; with volute-styled elements. The analysis of the tiles’ decor showed that among the Reshetylivka’s tiles a special proficiency and high décor relief is peculiar for a part of tiles with crosses. Sometimes these are tiles with similar patterns, which show the durability of life of certain décor types.
 For long enough in Hetmanate were popular ‘carpet’ tiles with rhombic patterns, ‘tiles with crosses’ and tiles with volutes. Having entered into fashion at the beginning of 18 century such tiles were used practically during all the century on a wide territory. The majority of found in Reshetylivka tiles are similar to the findings from Poltava and are also correlated with the corresponding plots and decor of products of Middle Naddniprjanshchyna (Middle Dnieper territory). The analysis of the kitchenware (pots) showed that in Reshetylivka was produced smoked ceramics decorated with texturized ornament (mainly performed by graving with a stick (‘rytuvannia’) and stamping with roller). In 18 century became popular products decorated with painted ornament, which had replaced the previous ones in the assortment of potters. Judging from the characteristic features of kitchenware the abovementioned pottery kilns can be attributed to Poltava pottery region.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Podillia Church Historical and Archaeological Society in the Study of Archaeological Heritage","authors":"Yurii Zemskyi, Oleksandr Trygub","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).650","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the role of Podillia Church Historical and Archaeological Society (1865-1920) in the study of archaeological heritage and to determine its significance in the overall heritage of its scientific achievements.
 Scientific novelty. After studying the documentary sources it has been found out that during its activities Podillia Church Historical and Archaeological Society evolved from an amateur group into a true center of historical research in Podillia, and archeology became one of the main components that secured the Society recognition and authority in scientific circles at the end of the 19th century – early 20th century.
 Conclusions. In order to write the history of Podillia with pro-Russian ideological content, a group of priests and local intellectuals at Podillia Theological Seminary was organized and got the name of the Committee for Historical and Statistical Description of Podillia Eparchy. Over the years, the Committee had grown into a full-fledged center for studying the history of Podillia, called Podillia Church Historical and Archaeological Society, whose work had acquired scientific features, and the areas of research and their content had gone far beyond the tasks set by the ruling elite.
 The high level of organization and results of research in the field of archeology ensured the Society to be recognized in the academic world at the end of the 19th – early 20th century. And such achievements as the collecting and well-argued systematization of the collection of archaeological objects, as well as the system of the compiled Archaeological Map of Podillia, are patterns that retain their relevance and meaning to this day. Such a high assessment of the results of the Society’s activities was given by authoritative Ukrainian historians of that time, such as V. Antonovych, D. Doroshenko, I. Krypiakevych, and O. Ohloblyn.
 From the experience of the Society, it follows that the main condition and reason for its progressive evolution was the very content of Ukrainian history, the objective study of which naturally formed individual national self-awareness and fostered patriotism.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Role of Cultural Heritage and Objectives of Monument Studies","authors":"Leonid Griffen, Nadiia Ryzheva","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).653","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article to establish a connection between the tasks of memorials as scientific discipline and the special characteristics inherent to objects of cultural heritage as monuments of archaeology, history and culture.
 The scientific novelty consists in the discovery and research of the axiological (value) information inherent in an authentic artifact – a monument of archaeology, history and culture – that has an emotional impact on an individual in order to determine his own coordinates in the spatio-temporal and socio-historical continuum, thus contributing, its socialization, and therefore to determine the methods and means of increasing the efficiency of the specified process.
 Conclusions. A person due to the establishment of social ties both with the present and with the past (i.e. socialization), perceives himself as an integral part of a certain whole in social and historical aspects. As for modernity, it is provided by all existing culture, but the past in its materiality reaches us due to our cultural heritage – artifacts preserved in their authenticity. Being placed in the modern cultural context, the latter contribute to a kind of “immersion” of the individual in the past, establishing a personal emotional connection with it. At the same time, authentic artifacts play the role of monuments of archaeology, history, and monuments of culture for us depending on the historical or cultural context. This process for the purpose of study, use and improvement is the main subject of monument studies as a scientific discipline, which distinguishes the latter from other scientific disciplines, at the same time establishing a connection with them, which also investigate artifacts of the past (archaeology, source studies, etc.) however, they use the latter mainly for its study.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiquities of Northern Black Sea Region and Bessarabia on Pages of Eparchy Publications in Pre-Soviet Era","authors":"Roman Oleksenko, Vladyslav Parkhomenko, Olha Perepeliuk","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).649","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the publication is to study the informational potential of local church periodicals for modern archaeological science.
 The scientific novelty is in drawing the attention of the archaeological community to non-standard sources of obtaining information for the history of archaeological science and the formation of generalizing information about archaeological sites and finds of material culture.
 Conclusions. It can be stated with certainty that ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ can serve not only as a source for the history of archaeological science (in terms of the participation of the clergy and church societies in the accumulation of archaeological knowledge), but also as a direct source of information on finds, their location, and nature.
 The entire amount of material related to archeology, presented in the studied collections of the ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’, can be divided into 3 main groups: 1) authoritative orders on the protection of antiquities; 2) reports about church institutions (societies, commissions, museums); 3) analytical reviews on localities and settlements.
 The first group of materials shows the process of involving the clergy in the process of discovering and preserving cultural and archeological sites. The participation of the clergy in the Archaeological Congresses in Kyiv and Odesa is also associated with this group.
 A great number of publications of ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ are represented by materials on the activities of local church-archaeological societies – reports of the societies, event chronicles and details of some meetings, research materials, etc.
 An important source of historical and local lore information about settlements and their outskirts is historical and statistical analytical reviews, which were regularly published in ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’. One of the sections of such reviews was ‘Archaeological Sites’, where it was necessary to describe ramparts, settlements, burial mounds, caves, pile (lake) structures, dolmens, Stone Age sites (kjoekkenmoeddinger), etc. Many reviews contain interesting material for modern archeology not only in the context of the history of science but also in practical terms, pointing to the places of disappeared sites, found troves, and single finds.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doctors of the Roman garrison of Tyras","authors":"Askold Ivantchik","doi":"10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).646","url":null,"abstract":"The article revises the readings of two inscriptions of Tyras which presumably contain information about the organization of the medical service in the Roman garrison of that city in the 2nd century AD. The first of these (L’Année épigraphique, 1995, 1350) confirms the mention of medicus vexillationis, a term unknown in other texts; the inscription belongs to the very few evidences of the existence of the position of doctor of vexillation. It confirms the existence of at least two doctors in the vexillation of Tyras, one of whom was a naval doctor. The inscription is the only evidence so far to show that doctors serving in the provincial, and not only praetorian (Misene and Ravennate) fleets had the status of duplicarius.
 However, the inscription itself turns out to be of a different nature than its first publisher P.O. Karyshkovsky had suggested – it is not an honorary inscription, but a dedication to Asclepius and Hygia on behalf of not only two doctors, but also two legionaries, presumably privates. The text of the first three lines is reconstructed differently: [D(eo) A]ṣclepio • et • Hygi(ae) | [e.g. T(itus) • Fl(avius) •] Ṣuccessus • M(arcus) • Ata|[eus? • P]ḷacid[(us) m(ilites)] ḷeg(ionis) • Ī • Ital(icae).
 In the second inscription (L’Année épigraphique, 1990, 869) the mention of the unique term valetudinarius, usually interpreted as referring to personnel of hospital (valetudinarium), is not confirmed. In its place the cognomen of one of the dedicants Valens is to be restored and the term itself must be considered a “ghost”.","PeriodicalId":33493,"journal":{"name":"Eminak","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}