Diskurs最新文献

{"title":"Seeing Like a Market: to the Question of the Ethical Assessment of the Privatization of East German Companies in 1990–1994","authors":"V. A. Mironov","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-41-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-41-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of ethical assessment of the liquidation of the GDR as a state structure and its integration into the political and economic space of the FRG. According to a number of historical and sociological sources, “reunification” was not the reason for the search and finding of a common language between West and East Germans, but, on the contrary, the reasons for discord and deep mutual distrust and rejection. On this basis, the work analyzes the views of both sides, and also conducts a philosophical reflection on the value bases (ethical axioms) of the key evaluative positions of both East and West Germans regarding the actions of the West German government, the conditions for concluding a monetary union of the two Germanys, as well as in relation to privatizations East German companies.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixed Collocations with Epitheta Ornantia in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle in Terms of Historical Pragmalinguistics","authors":"E. S. Tikhonova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-139-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-139-149","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The paper considers Middle High German poetic nominations of a warrior such as helt ‘hero’, ritter ‘knight’ and degen ‘warrior’ combined with epitheta ornantia. The aim of this paper is to find out the most characteristic contexts for these lexemes. Methodology and sources . The research is based on methodology of historical pragmalinguistics and cognitive linguistics, in particular on the frames’ theory by Ch. Fillmore. As material for the research serves the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (late XIII th cent.), written in the East Middle German dialect. The text’s linguistic features are scarcely studied by historical linguists in Russia. The Chronicle was written under the influence of courtly epics, which fact was discussed by U. Arnold, M. Fischer, H. Kugler, A. Murray and others. Results and discussion . In the Chronicle’s text there were selected 10 frames that include the analyzed nouns with epitheta ornantia. The noun helt can also be found in parts including and introducing direct speech. Each of the three nouns was analyzed as to in which frames it is attested and which epitheta are more common in each frame. Conclusion . A conclusion was drawn that the noun helt ‘hero’ appears in almost all the frames, ritter ‘knight’ appears mostly in frames that refer to static situations and degen ‘warrior’ – in frames that refer to dynamic situations. Moreover, the lexeme helt ‘hero’ has a wider distribution range in the Chronicle than the other two nouns.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Agency Conditions: Moral Agent, Limited Moral Agent, Quasi-Moral Agent","authors":"S. V. Glebova, N. V. Perova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-29-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-29-40","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The concept of “moral agent” and its boundaries are not currently clearly defined. Given the connection between moral agency and moral responsibility, it seems necessary to introduce a clear definition of “moral agent”, as well as to differentiate the types of moral agency. The hypothesis of this article is that although the notion of a moral agent in itself is rather limited, there are a number of “borderline” groups, the definition of the status of which needs to be clarified. Methodology and sources . The article provides an ethical and philosophical analysis of approaches to the definition of a moral agency, a comparative analysis of the concepts of a moral agent and a moral subject, as well as approaches to determining the moral statuses of various “borderline” groups in the context of the works of J. MacMurray, A. Taylor, I. Kant, M Rowlands, J. Searle and others. Results and discussion . The article presents an analysis of the definitions of a “moral agent”, highlights the key features that make it possible to speak of a moral agency as an independent moral concept, as well as determine the conditions for the onset of moral agency. To differentiate the types of moral agents, the article introduces the concept of “limited moral agent” to denote the special status of children and the mentally ill. Evidence is provided that people belonging to these categories may have the status of a moral agent, although not to the extent that this status initially implies. As part of the definition of artificial intelligence as a “quasi-moral agent”, the key features of AI in the framework of moral communication between AI and a person are identified. Conclusion . Based on the analysis, the article proposes a number of requirements for a moral agency. Based on these requirements, it is proposed to distinguish such types of moral agency as a limited moral agent, including children and the mentally ill, as well as a quasi-moral agent, which is an artificially created agent, including artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Space of the Children's World: the Problem of Transformation","authors":"A. V. Yurieva","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-5-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-5-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The space of the children's world evolves together with a person's ideas about oneself, the world around them, the development of scientific and technological progress. The purpose of this study is to describe the transformation of the space of the child's world, the change in the socio-cultural position of the child through the acquisition of his / her personal physical space along with the discovery of his /her inner mental world. The relevance is determined by the complexity of the spatial coordinates of the children's world associated with the digitalization of childhood. Scientific novelty consists in an attempt to systematize scientific knowledge in the description of the space of the children's world and to evaluate them from the point of view of the modern socio-cultural state. Methodology and sources . The methodological basis of the work is a cultural philosophical analysis. The works of G. Bachelard, A. Lefebvre, M. Foucault and other authors were used as a philosophical understanding of the problem of space. Cultural and ethnographic analysis of the phenomenon of childhood, carried out in the works of F. Aries, J. Duby, M. Mead, K. Levi-Strauss, contributed to the understanding of the space of the children's world and the problem of its transformation. Results and discussion . The space of the children's world is associated with a combination of various socio-cultural factors that change throughout historical time. The space of the children's world opens up in the eyes of an adult with the manifestation of interest in children's experiences, the inner psychological structure of the child. Great importance in the transformation of the childhood space occurs at the moment when the child finds his / her own “place” in the house. The traditional expansion of the space of the children's world (house-street-city-country-world) in modern times acquires another dimension – virtuality. Conclusion . The evolution of the socio-cultural position of the child in society depended on the specifics of ideas about the rules of behavior, social habits, ritual practices. For a long time, the space of the children's world was perceived as fundamentally different from the space of an adult, carried beyond its limits. The digitalization of childhood has provided the world with new dangers associated with the risks of finding a child in virtual spaces beyond the control of an adult.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic Syncretism in the Use of Hedges (Based on Russian Thesis Reviews)","authors":"E. Yu. Viktorova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-127-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-127-138","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The article deals with pragmatic syncretism and syncretic aspects of hedges – words and phrases used to mitigate claims, that is make them vaguer, more tentative and more uncertain. Hedges are looked upon as a type of discourse markers which are focused on the writer-reader interaction and the writer’s self-presentation. Methodology and sources . The research is based on the speech genre of the official thesis review known for its especially mitigated language, which may be determined by publicity of thesis defences at a viva voce in Russia, positive evaluation of thesis made at a predefence stage and potential personal relations of the degree seeker, their supervisor and the reviewer. The corpus of 64 reviews (about 90 000 words) written by Russian scholars was analyzed including reviews in linguistics, literature studies, history, physics, chemistry and medicine. Results and discussion . The author introduces the notion of pragmatic syncretism which involves the merging or assimilation of several pragmatic functions performed by one linguistic unit while realizing several illocutionary tasks. The research allowed to single out two varieties of hedges: 1) single purpose hedges aimed only at mitigation of claims and 2) general purpose hedges aimed at mitigation of claims together with some other interactive task. Among these additional tasks are the following: authorization (self-mentions), performative, evaluative in relation both to the proposition or to the words used by the author. According to the quantitative analysis, syncretic hedges make up 52 % of all hedges used in the reviews. The author provides the pragmatically oriented analysis of syncretic hedges realizing strategies of indetermination, subjectivisation and depersonalization. Strategies of subjectivisation and depersonalization are registered as most frequent. Conclusion . It is emphasized that hedges are predisposed to syncretic usage due to their inherent modal meanings which are realized integrally and which are, therefore, difficult to specify. The ontological ground of this tendency is associated with the symbiotic nature of human thinking where rational and sensuous baselines are naturally and productively reconciled.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Cosmism in the Design of the Urban Environment of the Soviet Union in the 50-60s of the Twentieth Century","authors":"A. V. Astakhova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-20-28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The purpose of the article is to illustrate the steady influence of the philosophy of Russian cosmism on the formation of the urban environment of the Soviet Union in the 50-60s of the 20th century. The authors set the task to reveal that the motives of conquering nature, associated with the achievement of the ideals of communism, correspond to the ideals of Russian cosmism. Cosmism is observed everywhere in Soviet art, but in the text the emphasis is placed on architecture as one of the main formations forming the city system at the peak of urbanization and influencing the consciousness of the Soviet person. Methodology and sources . A comparative analysis of the philosophical concepts of Russian cosmism and Soviet ideas of expansive conquest of space is carried out. Periodicals and works of art from the Soviet Union are analyzed. The article also outlines the main philosophical paradigms of philosophers based on the works of the founders of the philosophy of cosmism (N.F. Fedorov, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, V.I. Vernadsky). Results and discussion . It is revealed that the motives of the conquest of nature, associated with the achievement of the ideals of communism, correspond to the ideals of Russian cosmism. The practical and organic nature of Soviet architecture is evident. It was expressed in block construction in order to solve the housing issue, but also in more complex structures designed to confirm the power of the Soviet people. It is illustrated that the cosmic forms in Soviet architecture were defined literally in two formats: the first as the personification of rockets in the form of TV towers, the second as the personification of plates in the embodiment of the architecture of circuses. Conclusion . The author concludes that the images of celestial architecture, intended for the speedy exploration of the cosmic expanses, were literally perceived by young romantic architects who found the ideal justification for their projects.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Talk about the History of the Treuhandanstalt. Interview with Markus Böick. Part 2 / Transl. by Mironov, V.A.","authors":"M. Böick, O. Nymoen","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-61-72","url":null,"abstract":"The second part of the translation of the interview, which was taken in October 2020 from the German historian Dr. Markus Böiсk by the YouTube blogger Ole Nymoen on the channel \"Wohlstand für alle\", is presented to the attention of readers. In the second part of the interview, there is a discussion of corruption scandals related to the work of the Treuhandanstalt, an organization for managing the privatization of East German enterprises. M. Böiсk demonstrates all possible positions from different points of view, different participants and witnesses of those events. Such a multi-level and multi-sided view of a scandalous and controversial historical topic may prove to be suitable material for future philosophical and methodological research concerning the ethical assessment of historical events and political decisions.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interpretation of “diaspora” in Chinese Language: its Diversity and Influence on Social Theory and Practice","authors":"N. Van, E. O. Leonteva","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-86-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-86-98","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . The Chinese language, unlike Russian, has several terms, denoting different statuses of Chinese migrants, but there is no term such as “diaspora”. These features are interpreted by the authors along the lines of social ontology as independent sociological concepts, constructing particular migrant groups. The article’s oobjective is to show their internal coherence and correlation with the notion of “diaspora” as well as to outline the difficulties and problems occurring as the result of the interaction between researchers dealing with the topic. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that researchers have paid little attention to differences in national academic discourses that are meanwhile very important because intercultural differences can only be negotiated if there is an understanding of what they are. With regard to diaspora discussions, this understanding has yet to be developed. The article shows that in diaspora studies there is a language barrier, which at the moment is currently an impassable obstacle for authors who write about the diaspora in different languages. Methodology and sources . To work on the article, the authors used a discursive analysis of academic texts on Chinese migration and Chinese migrants, as well as dictionaries and official documents such as the Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary, the Tsihai Dictionary (辞海 ci hai – Sea of words), the Large Russian Encyclopedia, State Council resolutions, and Chinese legislation. Results and discussion . The treatment of 10 terms replacing the notion of “diaspora” in Chinese language is disclosed. The authors describe characteristic features of each group. It is illustrated that there is a linguistic asymmetry, as a result of which the European notion of “diaspora” receives specific connotations when translated into Chinese that cannot account all the features of this community, thus in the Chinese academic discourse the substitution with the most important from the translator and editor's point of view equivalent (the situation “instead of diaspora”) is made. Conclusion . It is concluded that in Chinese, through translation, the author expresses important features of the migrant community, emphasising either its closeness, or its distance to the “diaspora” status.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Status of the German Language in Modern Germany: a Brief Description of the Language Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany","authors":"E. S. Alekseenko","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-176-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-176-186","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . This article is devoted to the modern language policy in Germany. An analysis of intra- and extra-linguistic factors that influence the steps taken by the state in relation to the languages spoken on the territory of the country makes it possible to characterize the position and status of the language of the titular nation in Germany. Consideration of the current situation can help to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the implemented language policy, suggest further ways of the development of the German language, and also understand the underlying causes of the evolution of the language and its current state. Methodology and sources . The article is based on the results of the analysis of modern studies of the role, status and specifics of the German language by such linguists and philologists as Yu.V. Kobenko, S.A. Zhilyuk, V.I. Kozhevnikova, A. Kirkness, W. Hendelmeier, as well as the analysis of the main laws and legal acts in Germany regulating its language policy. For a more complete description of the studied phenomenon, the classic works of N.B. Vakhtin, E.V. Golovko, A.D. Schweitzer, L.B. Nikolskiy devoted to language policy, were considered. Results and discussion . Language policy is a powerful tool of social control. Due to the specifics of the formation of a unified German state, it is possible to talk about a systematically implemented language policy only from the end of the 19th century - the moment the German Empire was founded. The current position of the German language in Germany is determined by many extralinguistic factors, both diachronically (primarily by the role and position of the Third Reich in world history) and synchronically (the trend towards intensive cultural dialogue, openness of borders, priority support for the rights of linguistic minorities). Conclusion . At the moment, the German language is affected by the values of multiculturalism and pluralism cultivated in Europe and the actively ongoing process of globalization. Recognizing the importance of the German language in the process of the formation of German cultural identity, the German government is forced to focus primarily on supporting other languages and dialects common in the country. The question of supporting and securing the German language as a state language at the legislative level is still to be discussed.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of the Intermediate Language in Flanders","authors":"N. A. Kolomiets","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-150-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-150-159","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . At this time the language continuum of Dutch on the territory of Flanders undergoes significant changes and develops in the direction of three-part paradigm, which consists of the standard Dutch language, intermediate (tussentaal) and various dialects which explains the actuality of the studies of the intermediate language. The purpose of the study is to analyze the variety of the intermediate language, its components, combinations and correlation between the dialect features and the features of the standard language, as well as to analyze the problem of distinguishing the dialects and the intermediate language which explains the novelty of the study. Methodology and sources . The study of conducted using the publications and articles in Dutch (Flanders), TV series, talk-show on the Flemish TV, interviewing some informants. The data was collected and analyzed using the method linguistic observations, questioning and comparative analysis. The theoretical basis of the research is language variation. Results and discussion . In the intermediate language of the language continuum of Flanders there are different variants which are formed due to the interference of the primary, secondary and tertiary dialect features, as well as due to the interference of the elements of the standard language in different degrees. There are general features of the intermediate language typical for all territory of Flanders on the one side and on the other side local differences. The intermediate language gains strong positions in the media, culture and advertising. Conclusion . Some dialect features have a high degree of interference in all variants of the intermediate language in Flanders, they become an integral part of the intermediate language and don’t prevent the speakers from understanding each other. Due to the dominant regional character of the variants of the intermediate language native speakers can easily identify the origin of the respondent.","PeriodicalId":33486,"journal":{"name":"Diskurs","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}