International Journal of Virtual Reality最新文献_第5页

Use of HDFx, a Novel Immunomodulator, to Stop the Germs from Winning in Hospitals and on The Battlefields : The Dangers of Antibiotic Resistance 使用HDFx，一种新型免疫调节剂，阻止细菌在医院和战场上获胜:抗生素耐药性的危险

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-08-18 DOI: 10.19070/2572-7427-170004e

Altura Bm, Altura Bt

引用次数: 3

Vaccination Status and Factors for Non- Vaccination in Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital 某三甲医院儿童疫苗接种状况及未接种因素分析

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-07-15 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00112

S. S. Tikmani, T. Soomro, S. Ali

引用次数: 2

Launching Of Immunization with the Vaccine Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii for Eradication of Leprosy in India 在印度启动用Indicus Pranii分枝杆菌疫苗免疫以根除麻风病

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-06-26 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00123

G. P. Talwar, J. C. Gupta

引用次数: 3

Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus 用病毒分离和实时荧光定量PCR测定猪感染奥耶斯基病病毒后的不同脱落模式

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-06-04 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00119

V. Palya, I. Kiss, T. Mató, Z. Homonnay, B. Felföldi, E. Kovács

{"title":"Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus","authors":"V. Palya, I. Kiss, T. Mató, Z. Homonnay, B. Felföldi, E. Kovács","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00119","url":null,"abstract":"Aujeszky’s Disease (AD) is a major pig disease that accounts for devastating economic losses to pig industry. AD is controlled by containment of infected herds, use of vaccines and removal of latently infected animals. In endemic areas, control programmes against AD rely on the use of vaccines that efficiently limit the replication of virulent virus in infected pigs. The presented study investigated the efficacy of a live vaccine, administered to the pigs by the intramuscular route in an oil/water emulsion adjuvant, to reduce the excretion of challenge virus by vaccinated pigs using virus isolation and real-time PCR (qPCR) to determine the amount of excreted virus. Both virus detecting assays showed that the vaccinated animals shed significantly lower amount of virus than the nonvaccinated controls, and the quantity of the shed viruses decreased over time. Interestingly, while in the non-vaccinated control animals the virus titres detected by virus isolation and qPCR were approximately the same, in the vaccinated ones the amount of viable virus measured by virus isolation was consistently less than those detected by qPCR. These findings indirectly demonstrate that vaccination with a live virus induces effective local immunity at the primary site of replication, which reduces shedding and transmission of challenge virus. The results also pointed out that qPCR detection of the viral nucleic acid is not equal with viable viruses, which should be considered when interpreting the outcome of virus detecting assays.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46566479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever 伤寒对发展中国家的挑战和肠道热的有效诊断方法

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-06-02 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00118

Arti Bharmoria, Annpurna Shukla, K. Sharma

{"title":"Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever","authors":"Arti Bharmoria, Annpurna Shukla, K. Sharma","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00118","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella typhi is the causal organism for the typhoid fever. Typhoid disease is a problem in those developing countries where lack of sanitation, poor water supplies and exposure to unhygienic and polluted environment is a part of routine life of majority of population. Salmonella typhi expresses various virulence antigens like H-antigens, O-antigens and Vi antigens which plays vital role in the infection and pathogenesis of the bacteria. Salmonella typhi causes fever, nausea, headache, body fatigue and bowel related complications in the patients. This disease had been diagnosed by culture method, Widal test for past several decades. These diagnostic techniques are being replaced by the modern assays like ELISA, Dot blot ELISA, DipStick Assays, RT-PCR and other molecular assays. The evolution in diagnostic assays had occurred as the antibiotic resistance in the Salmonella typhi had shown an increase. The Salmonella typhi had been evolved into a multidrug resistant bacteria which need to be timely diagnosed to start the appropriate and correct treatment of typhoid to prevent further complications. This article imparts a brief glimpse on Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever and diagnostic assays available at clinical laboratories. There is a need to focus on the correct and rapid diagnostic methods which should be modified and made accessible to the clinical diagnostic laboratories.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48067431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The Folk Memory and Believe: One Candle Eradicate the Small Box; What Else? 民间记忆与信仰:一支蜡烛消灭小盒子还有什么？

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-05-20 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00117

A. Amara

引用次数: 0

Vaccine Against Entheropathogenic E. colii: A Systematic Review 肠源性大肠杆菌疫苗:系统综述

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-05-20 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00120

H. Vasconcellos, W. Silva, I. Nascimento, A. Kipnis

引用次数: 1

Is TT Immunization in Pregnancy Enough in Indian settings 在印度，妊娠期TT免疫足够吗

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-04-25 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00115

A. Rathi

{"title":"Is TT Immunization in Pregnancy Enough in Indian settings","authors":"A. Rathi","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00115","url":null,"abstract":"India has a fairly large share in the maternal mortalities of the world. There are many aspects of a healthy pregnancy and immunization is one of them. Maternal immunization protects not just the mother but also imparts protection to the newborn. India introduced TT immunization for pregnant females in 1983. Due to sustained efforts of healthcare providers, training of nurses and midwives about clean delivery practices, strong campaigning of institutional deliveries, maternal and neonatal focused programs and a good coverage of pregnant women with TT immunization India was finally declared free of maternal and neonatal tetanus on 15th May, 2015. Pertussis continues to be a serious public health problem in India. Pertussis is more dangerous in infancy and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. The damage is particularly higher when the infant is only weeks old and still haven’t received the primary immunization. Thus there is a need to introduce Tdap vaccine for pregnant women so that pertussis burden in infancy can reduce. An important cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy is influenza. Thus, influenza vaccine is the second vaccine that needs to be given to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41838722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cracking the Microbial Cell Wall 破解微生物细胞壁

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-04-25 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00116

A. Amara

引用次数: 1

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suis Vaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine 猪布鲁氏菌粗菌苗口服或非肠注射对野猪的免疫原性和效果

International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2017-02-09 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00114

S. Olsen, P. Boggiatto, J. Wilson-Welder, P. Nol, J. Rhyan, N. Srirangathan

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suis Vaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine","authors":"S. Olsen, P. Boggiatto, J. Wilson-Welder, P. Nol, J. Rhyan, N. Srirangathan","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/2/1/00114","url":null,"abstract":"Brucella suis strain 353-1 is a stable vaccine strain that is clinically safe, does not cause positive serologic responses on conventional brucellosis surveillance tests, and induces humoral and cellular immunity in swine after vaccination. In this study, we evaluated tissue clearance and immunologic responses after oral or parenteral vaccination of feral swine with 1.9 x 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) of strain 353-1, and compared efficacy of vaccination and control treatments in protecting against infection after experimental conjunctival challenge with a virulent B. suis strain. Feral swine vaccinated orally or parentally with strain 353-1 had greater (P < 0.05) mean ELISA titers to Brucella at all sampling times after vaccination when compared to non-vaccinated swine. PBMC from swine parentally vaccinated with 353-1 at 12 or 17 weeks, or oral vaccinates at 12 weeks after vaccination, demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) antigen-specific proliferative responses when compared to responses of PBMC from non-vaccinates. At necropsy, 4 weeks after experimental challenge with virulent B. suis, non-vaccinated feral swine had greater standard tube agglutination titers and disseminated infection with higher (P < 0.05) colonization (CFU/gm) in most tissues as compared to oral or parenteral vaccinates. The virulent challenge strain was not recovered from any tissues collected from parenteral vaccinates at 4 weeks after experimental challenge. Although the challenge strain was recovered at low levels from some samples, tissue colonization in most tissues of oral vaccinates did not differ (P > 0.05) from parenteral vaccinates, but was reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to colonization in non-vaccinated swine.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2