Oblik i finansi最新文献

{"title":"Peculiarities of Formation of the System for Protection of Pension Assets of Accumulative Pension Programs","authors":"Vоdymyr Rudyk, Ivanna Cheshnevska","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-59-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-59-64","url":null,"abstract":"European countries widely use multi-level pension systems, and Ukraine has also gone the way of building a three-level pension model. The use of funded pension programs is associated with the need to create a system of preservation and protection of their pension assets from the manifestations of various risks. The article aims to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the system of protection of pension assets of accumulative pension programs and to determine the state's role in improving its reliability and efficiency. In Ukraine, the state has a key role in shaping the protection system of pension assets of funded pension insurance. However, the level of protection of pension assets of participants in funded pension programs in the private pension system is insufficient. The main measures for the protection and preservation of pension assets were analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of guarantees for the protection of pension assets of the second and third levels of the pension system of Ukraine by the state and its financial institutions. These should include: state control over the preservation and use of pension assets, investment policy to attract financial resources of funded pension insurance in the stock market, promote the development and expansion of the national stock market, disclose information on changes in the value of pension assets and reporting on them, regulation of remuneration of financial institutions servicing pension assets. Issues related to the tax regulation of pension savings were analyzed. Among the options for tax benefits is proposed one that provides that pension benefits are not taxable. The investment income of participants in funded pension programs and their contributions are also exempt from taxation. A set of measures for forming a reliable and effective system of protection of pension assets of funded pension programs was proposed.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82382568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Necessity of Clarification of Basic Accounting Concepts and Development of Ukrainian Accounting Theory","authors":"S. Lehenchuk","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-22-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-22-31","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a systemic crisis has been observed in Ukraine in accounting theory. It manifests itself in the absence of deep scientific research and the development of new teaching aids for the course “Theory of accounting”, which would meet the requirements of the time and consider the current state of development of the national accounting system. The purpose of the article is to analyze the differences in basic accounting concepts in different models of accounting theory, and identify problems and directions for the development of accounting theory in Ukraine. The role of legislative documents in the formation of theoretical foundations of accounting has been disclosed. Three main models of understanding accounting theory in Ukraine (national normative; normative according to IFRS; educational accounting theory) have been allocated. Peculiarities of origin and content characteristics of each of the selected models have been analyzed. Three areas of research conducted by scientists in the field of accounting theory have been allocated. The lack of clearly defined conceptual proposals among scientists for further development of accounting theory in Ukraine has been grounded. Based on the analysis of normative legislation, the problem of lack of common understanding of basic accounting concepts (business transactions; actions; events) has been identified. Three options for the relation between basic accounting concepts have been allocated. Two main problems have been formulated, which arise due to the existence of a multivariate understanding of the essence and correlation between basic accounting concepts (content-classification problem; the problem of content-time interpretation). Examples of incorrect interpretations of basic accounting concepts by national and foreign scientists have been given. The peculiarities of the relation between basic accounting concepts in the Conceptual Framework for the Financial Reporting and IFRS have been analyzed. The peculiarities of the interpretation of basic accounting concepts according to SFAC no. 6 “Elements of financial statements” have been grounded. The necessity of making changes in the national accounting legislation to clarify the content and correlation between basic accounting concepts has been grounded. In response to modern changes in the economic reality of enterprises and the system of accounting regulation, it has been proposed to develop the national accounting theory by increasing the number of elements of the accounting method, in particular, by including the object identification to the elements of accounting method.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Tax Collection with Warning Letters and Forced Letters to Increase Value-Added Tax Receipts","authors":"Mita Amanda, N. Sayidah, Aminullah Assagaf, Hadi Sugiyanto","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-69-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-69-78","url":null,"abstract":"The most cost-effective way to collect taxes is through voluntary public compliance with tax laws. However, not all taxpayers pay taxes on time, so the tax service is forced to use different tax collection methods and stimulate taxpayers' responsibility. These methods include warning letters and forced letters. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of tax collection with a warning letter and a forced letter to increase value-added tax (VAT) receipts at the Tax Office in Surabaya, Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a comparative descriptive method. The data analysis technique used in this research is the descriptive comparative analysis of ratios: the ratio of the effectiveness of issuing warnings and forced letters and the ratio of the contribution of VAT arrears. The key informants in this study were the data and information management section staff regarding supervision and tax collection which served at the Pratama Pabean Cantikan Surabaya Tax Office. The results showed that VAT collection with a warning letter was ineffective. Tax collection significantly doesn't increase VAT revenue at the Surabaya Tax Office Surabaya. Most taxpayers who are negligent or unable to pay off their tax debts apply an objection letter on tax arrears. They used it for instalments to pay off the entire tax debt. The results of this study imply that tax officers must examine in detail all tax objection letters and give approval carefully. This study recommends that the tax authorities carry out more active informational work with taxpayers because the costs of other methods of forced tax collection are comparatively higher. On the other hand, the number of bailiffs should be increased because it aligns with the increased tax revenue target every year.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83353724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Support for the Functioning of Collective Investment Funds in Ukraine","authors":"Mariia Nashkerska, N. Lytvynenko","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-79-87","url":null,"abstract":"Collective Investment Funds play an essential role in stimulating the country's economic growth (CIF) and Asset Management Companies (AMC) – financial intermediaries that accumulate investors' funds and professionally invest them in various financial instruments. The article aims to analyze the analytical support, which is the basis for evaluating the work results and risks in the activities of collective investment funds and asset management companies. Relevant information for the analysis of the state and changes in the market of collective investment funds and asset management companies is taken from the Ukrainian Association of Investment Business website (https://www.uaib.com.ua). The article includes a classification of collective investment funds and an analysis of the dynamics of their number, as well as the volume of assets managed by asset management companies. The basic principles of accounting and reporting in collective investment funds were disclosed, and the indicators necessary for risk assessment were characterized. It has been established that the calculation of regulated indicators makes it possible to assess risks only in general. However, to measure and manage risks, it is advisable to develop a scale of dependence on changes in indicators (intensification of negative processes) and the level of risk (minimal, average, significant and critical). Based on the normatively established indicators, it is recommended to improve the method of assessing and measuring the risks of collective investment funds by calculating an integral indicator that would consider each indicator's weighting factor. As part of the risk management system, each level of risk should be offered an appropriate set of tools and measures for minimization.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91326152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Accountant Functions under Global Challenges","authors":"Yuliya Shenderivska","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-4(98)-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-4(98)-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"The accountant's timely response to challenges is not only a guarantee of the survival and development of the profession itself but also a matter of the effective functioning of the economic system as a whole. Today, the methodical patterns of the accountant's daily work are changing, responding to the social, informational, and digital transformations of the economic environment caused by global challenges and the introduction of innovative technologies. In this case the accountant's functions can also transform and change. The article aims to determine the actual functions of the accountant and establish the essence of the influence of global challenges on them. Based on the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of accounting functions by Ukrainian and foreign scientists, a connection between accounting functions and the functions of an accountant was established. It was found that the accountant's role in the enterprise management system is represented by six functions: organization, communication, accounting, control, analytics, forecasting and planning. The accountant's functions do not exist separately but are in close interaction with each other and are divided into levels: Level 0 – system-forming functions; Level 1 – basic functions; Level 2 – management functions. It was found that accounting functions are affected by four groups of global challenges (technological, economic, political, and social). The consequences of such influence are as follows: an increase in the specific weight and value of professional judgment due to the automation of standard processes; the need to implement a more flexible and individualized work organization; the need to find competitive advantages in the global market; expanding the radius and increasing the speed of communication; increasing relevance of cooperation and communication within the professional social movement; separation of software control; expanding the number of factors to be considered; stimulation of increased planning flexibility; the need to work with non-financial indicators; the need to be able to react to unforeseen circumstances quickly.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Audit and Tax Control: Interaction Model and Legislative Regulation","authors":"Mariia Shyhun, A. Zhuravel","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations for taxes and payments are one of the key areas of accounting and the object of tax control and audit at any enterprise. The interaction of tax inspectors and auditors and their relations with tax-paying enterprises within the framework of their inspection are insufficiently regulated by law. The article is devoted to disclosing the procedures and features of the legislative regulation of tax audit in the system of interaction of taxpayers, control bodies and audit companies. To emphasize the existing features of tax audit carried out by independent audit firms and tax audit carried out by fiscal authorities, the authors use two definitions: tax audit and tax control. Taking into account the differences between the tax audit and tax control, it is recommended to legislate the concept of tax audit and tax consulting services at the level of normative legal acts in the field of audit activity. Based on the data of the conducted survey of accountants, the reasons for fines and VAT surcharges were revealed. The model of the relationship between taxpayers, subjects of audit activity and tax authorities is substantiated and described. Applying this model will increase the quality of independent audit and tax control and the trust of stakeholders in the financial and tax reporting of enterprises. In addition, it will reduce the financial risks to taxpayers and society's costs for maintaining the tax control system. Within the framework of this model, under certain circumstances, tax authorities can get acquainted with the results of audits by independent auditors drawn up in a separate document in the part of tax calculations. Quality control of an independent tax audit can be carried out by the Body of Public Supervision of Auditing Activities or the Audit Chamber of Ukraine within the framework of general quality control of audit services and indirectly by tax authorities during a tax control. Accordingly, the interaction between these subjects can create additional opportunities to strengthen the quality control of auditing activities as a whole.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79353275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesia's Economic Growth Rate","authors":"Nazeli Adnan, Muhammad Teguh, I. Asngari, Deassy Apriani","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-2(96)-143-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-2(96)-143-151","url":null,"abstract":"Economic growth can be a benchmark for a country's welfare and play a role as a determinant and direction for future development. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the economic growth of 6 islands in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua). The following factors were selected for analysis: government expenditure, non-oil and gas exports, investment, population, and the number of workers. This study used secondary data from publications by Bank Indonesia, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Investment Coordinating Board, the World Bank, and other relevant institutions. The collected data covers the period from 2011 to 2020. This study used quantitative descriptive analysis methods with panel data regression analysis. The results of the regression of panel data show that variables of government spending, investment, and non-oil and gas exports did not have a significant influence on economic growth. In contrast, the number of people and the number of workers significantly influenced the economic growth of 6 islands in Indonesia during the analyzed period. The island with the highest economic growth rate is Sulawesi Island, while Borneo Island has the lowest economic growth rate among the six islands in Indonesia. The development of government spending and the highest value of non-oil and gas exports were led by Jawa Island, while the lowest value came from Bali and Nusa Tenggara islands. In addition, due to the rapid development of the population and becoming an industrial centre area, Jawa Island also has the highest investment development, a dense population and the most labour compared to other islands. Meanwhile, the opposite condition occurs in Maluku Island and Papua.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods and Tools of Anti-Crisis Regulation of the Banking System in Conditions of Economic Instability","authors":"T. Berezhetska","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-42-48","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of banks significantly depends on the trends taking place in the state and the world economic space. State anti-crisis regulation of the banking system involves developing a set of measures to counteract the negative impact of potential threats on ensuring the stable functioning of banking institutions. Banking regulation is critical in economic instability, which means both the volatility of certain economic indicators and chronic imbalances in the economy. The article aims to systematize the methods and tools of anti-crisis regulation of the banking system in conditions of economic instability. It was proved that the construction of the system of anti-crisis regulation of banking activity should be an essential strategic task of the government and the central bank in modern conditions. To ensure effective regulation of the banking system at each stage of the crisis, it is necessary to apply the methods and tools that are most appropriate. The author has formed his classification of methods of state regulation of the banking system and their detailed characteristics. Methods of anti-crisis regulation of the banking system are divided into legal, administrative, information-analytical, organizational and financial. Emphasis is placed on the need for continuous improvement of methods and tools of anti-crisis management and their adaptation to the actual conditions of the banking system.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Efficiency Audit on the Functioning of Enterprises in the Conditions of Sustainable Development","authors":"Yuliia Kriher","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-21-27","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian military aggression is a new test for Ukrainian businesses because it is challenging for the management to plan the future activities of enterprises in wartime. The manager must consider many factors that did not impact the enterprise's operation in the past (distance of the location from the border, whether there are military facilities nearby, distance to the war zone, rapid change of logistics routes, search for new suppliers and buyers). In these circumstances, the efficiency audit has become very relevant for Ukrainian businesses. The article aims to determine the impact of efficiency audit on the further functioning of enterprise and assess its relevance for Ukrainian enterprises in wartime. The author analyzes the potential changes resulting from implementing efficiency audit results. A review of the market offers on the efficiency audit was carried out. It was found that Ukrainian audit companies do not provide such services. Instead, the Big Four audit companies pay considerable attention to efficiency audit. International audit companies analyze and evaluate the economical use of all available resources of the enterprise, as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of its activities. The auditor analyses the enterprise's internal environment (for example, the distribution of resources between departments) and the external environment (for example, the analysis of the market and its competitive players). Therefore, the customer of the audit services will receive information that will contribute to specific changes in the company's activities and potential development. Historical factors of the need for auditors have been studied, and new factors generated by the war have been identified. It was found that the results of the efficiency audit can have an impact both on a separate structural unit and on the entire enterprise. The efficiency audit prompts more global changes that can affect the environment and provide partial protection on the economic front.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90537442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting and Taxation of Joint Investment Institutions, as One of the Mechanisms of Housing Construction Financing","authors":"L. Pylypenko, O. Grytsay, P. Sorokovyi","doi":"10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-28-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-3(97)-28-37","url":null,"abstract":"Crisis phenomena and speculations in housing construction led to strict state regulations to attract financing and investments in this area. In addition, an additional participant (intermediary) was entered into the system of economic relations, whose mission is to supervise and control the timely execution of construction and installation works and the effective use of financial resources received from investors. One of the possible forms of functioning of such intermediaries is joint investment institutes. Orienting these institutions to satisfy the interests of various groups of participants – investors and developers – requires establishing an appropriate management information support system, which is mainly based on accounting data. At the same time, the issue of taxation of operations for financing housing construction through joint investment institutions is no less relevant. The article is devoted to disclosing the peculiarities of accounting and taxation of housing construction financing processes through the creation of joint investment institutions. The methodological basis of this research is the methods of imperative analysis, deduction, graphic and comparison. The legislative and normative regulation of the functioning of joint investment institutes, particularly for the needs of the organization of housing construction financing, has been studied. Proposals regarding the accounting of the activity of corporate and mutual investment funds, as well as operations involving their attraction of investments to finance housing construction are substantiated. The peculiarities of taxation of these transactions with income tax and value-added tax under the imperatives of Ukrainian tax legislation are characterized. The practicality of using joint investment institutes as a mechanism for financing housing construction in Ukraine was argued to minimize investment risks, control spending and tax burden planning.","PeriodicalId":33375,"journal":{"name":"Oblik i finansi","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87616978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}