Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.38611
Viktor Konstantinovich Beliakov
{"title":"Features of Perception of Pre-revolutionary Non-fiction Films","authors":"Viktor Konstantinovich Beliakov","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.38611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.38611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this work is to reveal the peculiarities of perception of historical archival newsreels on the example of pre-revolutionary non-fiction films. The objective of the study is to identify the qualities of pre-revolutionary newsreels that influenced the mass audience before the revolution and compare them with those qualities that come out on top when perceived by modern viewers. In the work, an analytical approach is used as a method, which is based on theoretical provisions arising from the consideration of the specifics of newsreels as a special type of cinematography. The formation of Russian non-fiction cinema at an early stage is also considered, the techniques used in its development are revealed, and the extant evidence of the perception of newsreels in the first cinemas is studied. Films considered are : \"The Sovereign Emperor, the Empress Empress and the Heir Tsarevich are pleased to taste sailor food on the imperial yacht \"Standard\" during their stay in the Skerries in 1908\" (1908), \"Asbestos mining in the Urals\" (1911) and \"The opening of the bridge across the Volga in the center of Rzhev\" (1911). The results of the study confirm the influence of the so-called visual turn that occurred and indicate a fundamental difference in the perception of visual information compared to verbal. When analyzing the preserved film materials, including documentaries, it is noticeable that now these ephemeral screen images convey the breath of authentic life, and we look at the screen not to learn any story, but to feel the atmosphere of being of those people. The novelty of the undertaken research lies in the development of a model of perception of pre-revolutionary newsreels both in general terms and from the point of view of a specific audience before and now.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128465563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.43896
Pavel Gennadievich Bylevskiy
{"title":"Socio-cultural risks of \"big user data\" of Russian citizens","authors":"Pavel Gennadievich Bylevskiy","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.43896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.4.43896","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the article is the current socio-cultural risks of Russian citizens as users of computer and telecommunication technologies and Internet communications. The object of the study is the consequences of digital transformation, such as the advantages and threats of automating the generation, collection and analysis of \"big user data\". The relevance of the topic is due to the adoption by the Russian Government of the \"Concept of formation and development of the culture of information security of citizens of the Russian Federation\" on December 22, 2022. Socio-cultural risks and threats, including traditional values and identity, associated with being in a \"digital\" environment and user actions are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of threats to Russian citizens from the \"electronic totalitarianism\" of unfriendly countries and global corporate digital platforms, as well as the possibilities of counteraction. The novelty of the study of socio-cultural risks of information security in the application of the profile system-dynamic culturological approach, evolutionary and structural-functional methods. Taking into account the rapid changes in the landscape of socio-cultural digital risks in recent years, the research materials were Russian scientific publications in the journals of the list of HAC (categories K1, K2) and foreign ones in the international database Scopus (quartiles Q1, Q2) 2021−2023, \"critical\" for the formation of modern digital threats. A special contribution is the use of developments obtained in the course of research of scientific and practical communications in the information security of the financial sector, conducted under the guidance of the author in 2010-2023. The results of the study are conclusions about the need to take into account the balance of advantages and threats of \"digitalization\", the management of socio-cultural risks of \"big user data\" in the interests of Russian citizens. The main conclusion is to determine the decisive role in the development and improvement of the general civil culture of information security not only of the professional activities of state bodies and specialized organizations, but also of all citizens.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130933021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40553
Tatyana A. Shigurova
{"title":"Nakosnik puloker as a component of the Moksha national Costume: on the problem of genesis and ethno-cultural meanings","authors":"Tatyana A. Shigurova","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40553","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents the experience of studying the unique nakosnik of Moksha puloker women, which existed from the VIII to the XVIII centuries in a traditional women's costume as an ethnic symbol of the people. The most important aspects of the characteristics of the hairpiece associated with determining the cause of the appearance of this artifact, revealing the general attitude to hair in traditional culture, in particular in the heroic epic of the Mordovian people \"Mastorava\", which reflects the events of the medieval history of the ethnos; the nature of the era that caused the appearance of new elements in the folk costume. Both general scientific methods and systematic, comparative-historical and structural-semiotic approaches were used in the study. The role of the crisis factor in the culture of the Mordovian tribes of the second half of the I millennium A.D. was revealed, manifested in the activation of human activity aimed at adaptation in conditions of rapid changes and intercultural contacts. It is established that the result of the creative work of women, forcibly limited by the space of the family and home (possibly due to the appearance of a small family), was the development of socio-economic and cultural processes related to the ritual sphere, which required the segregation of the married woman's social group and a new element of the headdress, which emphasized the status of the hostess of the house. The novelty of the research is determined by the conclusions about the values of culture embodied in the materialization of the goals of collective activity in the form of an artificially created form of decoration, as well as in the justification of the significant influence of the Turkic peoples on the development of culture in the period under consideration.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123639298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.41020
D. U. Baiturina
{"title":"On the first experiences of creating feature films in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the mid-1990s","authors":"D. U. Baiturina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.41020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.41020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the article is a film of a Bashkir film director -\"Glass Passenger\" by Bulat Yusupov. The author of the article carries out an archetypal, semiotic and hermeneutic analysis of the cinematographic text. The first one is the study of mythological elements within the film. It will show us the presence in the work of elements of the national myth and their connection with the literary archetypes of Jung. The second, semiotic, takes place under the conditions of isolating signs from relationships within the whole structure that defines a film work as a kind of a media text. And the third, hermeneutic, is based on the traditions of cinema interpretation in the intertextual interaction of all literary texts. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematic, comprehensive study of the Bashkir cinema, in comparison with the samples of the world artistic culture; in identifying the key features of an individual film that has not previously been subjected to detailed scientific study. The film refers the viewer to the images of Bashkir mythology. The analysis carried out reveals in the media text the trends in the creation of feature films in Bashkortostan.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125587837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40617
Valentin Golubev
{"title":"Kaluga icon painting: on the issue of the integrity and boundaries of the artistic phenomenon","authors":"Valentin Golubev","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40617","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the title implies, the article provides a general overview of the Kaluga iconography as a unique regional iconographic tradition that formed in the 2nd half of the 18th century. The primary parameters of this phenomenon are identified, including technological, iconographic, and stylistic factors. Based of archival data and historical evidence, Kaluga’ icons are defined a number of monuments executed in the technique of tempera painting in a specific stylistic manner, for the most part inheriting of artistic direction named “zhivopodobie”. The main iconographic features of the products of the Kaluga icon painters are revealed, in particular, the iconographic renderings of Christ the Almighty and the Mother of God \"The Life-Giving Spring\" common in Kaluga. It also provides a classification of the main stylistic lines in the Kaluga icon painting, which took shape at the end of the 18th century. The question of the chronological boundaries of the phenomenon is considered. Based on the analysis undertaken, Kaluga iconography is determined to be a full-fledged center of regional icon painting that forms part of a broader context of late iconography. On the one hand, Kaluga's iconography aligns with general trends, with its unique writing style appearing in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, overtly influenced by significant European styles, and experiencing artistic decline in the second half of the nineteenth century. On the other hand, the Kaluga iconography distinguishes itself through its singular stylistic and iconographic peculiarities, sufficient to demarcate it as a distinct artistic center.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122154576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40574
I. Dadianova
{"title":"Web design in the professional activity of a graphic designer","authors":"I. Dadianova","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40574","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research is web design in the professional activity of graphic designers, a comprehensive analysis of this branch of design, its features, problems and specifics. The process of designing a website is analyzed from the point of view of its stages. The phenomenon of web design is considered through the prism of the professional activity of the designer as a specialist in the artistic design of the appearance of various elements of the environment. The features of teaching the discipline ”Web design\" in the field of higher education are revealed. In the course of the study, general logical methods were used (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction). Methods of systematization of scientific knowledge – typology and classification were also involved. The scientific novelty of the research consists in an attempt to develop the basic principles of the web design concept that would take into account both the creative and technical components of the design sphere under discussion. As a result of the research, specific characteristics of web design were identified, the pool of artistic skills and technologies that a web designer needs to master, the process of designing a website were considered. The educational aspect of training web designers was also analyzed, which reveals the possibility of combining cultural, artistic and technical training in the process of training a graphic designer, allowing in further professional activity to navigate constantly changing design trends and be savvy in terms of modern information technologies.","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40674
T. Pushkareva, E. M. Shemyakina, N. Yushchenko, O. Derzhavina
{"title":"The experience of iconological interpretation of Internet memes (based on the material of \"quarantines\" from the collection of social cartoons of the Center for Social and Political History of the State Public Historical Library)","authors":"T. Pushkareva, E. M. Shemyakina, N. Yushchenko, O. Derzhavina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40674","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of the research is Internet memes as a product of modern mass culture and art. The subject of the study is the iconological interpretation of an Internet meme as an art object. Internet memes dedicated to the lockdown and the COVID-19 pandemic - \"quarantine\" from the collection of social cartoons of the Center for Socio-Political History of the State Public Historical Library, which was collected during the lockdown of 2020, and also relevant Internet materials were selected for interpretation. The purpose of the article is to conduct an iconological interpretation of selected Internet memes from the collection of social cartoons of the Center for Socio–Political History of the State Public Historical Library. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an Internet meme was considered as an art object, and the possibilities of iconological interpretation of this phenomenon of modern culture and art were investigated using the example of several \"quarantine\" sites. The article shows that the construction of \"quarantines\" went both along the path of creating new memes and by transforming old memes based on recontextualization – using well-known plots, images, heroes to discuss new realities. The iconological interpretation of the \"quarantines\" made it possible to identify the features of the reflection of the pandemic in the public consciousness (the feeling of the \"inversion\" of the world, the catastrophic nature of changes, new security conditions) and to deepen knowledge about the nature of artistic self-help of society in conditions of social extremum (the use of the healing effects of the tragicomic).\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121049283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40666
N. Afanasev, K. V. Lukina
{"title":"Myth in the system of state ideology: general principles","authors":"N. Afanasev, K. V. Lukina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40666","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this article, the author attempts to analyze the interdependence of myth and ideology in the context of globalization and the emergence of new cultural trends that form the main ideological representations of the people as a means of public administration. The main problem of the conjugation of myth with ideology is due to the insignificant depth of research on this issue in the context of historical phenomena. In the course of his work, the author came to the conclusion that ideology forms a mythological prototype of the universe, and historical figures and events are endowed with a mythological meaning, the indisputability and naturalness of their perception develops. Consequently, mythology acts as a mechanism of ideology, which is a tool for building culture and influencing society. Therefore, a certain category of people constructs an ideal society for the implementation of specific tasks, guidelines are created for building an ideal culture, educating an ideal personality, real historical events are filled with fantasy meaning.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"1992 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120849114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40867
Yulia Alekseevna Kuzmina
{"title":"Gaming Practices of S. M. Solovyov as a Reflection of the Young Symbolists on V. S. Solovyov’s Ideas and Positivist Approach","authors":"Yulia Alekseevna Kuzmina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40867","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of the study is the recollections of Solovyov's game practices, depicted in the memoirs of A. Bely and M. A. Beketova. The subject is those mental ideas of the Younger generation of Russian Symbolists about philosophical ideas of V. Solovyov and positivist method, which served as a structure-forming element of such practices. The article constructs a general abstract model of Solovyov's slapsticks. It is revealed that it contains many signs, the signifieds of which are connected with the Young Symbolists' reflection on the ideas of V.S. Solovyov and positivism. By means of the structural-semiotic method the semantic fields and relations of these signs within the game structure are revealed. It is established that the semantic content of such signs in Solovyov's slapsticks is revealed as two different types of epistemology. The conclusion is made that in the worldview of Young Symbolists such types of cognition are opposed to each other. It is concluded that their opposition is the subject pivot of these game practices. The novelty of the research is connected with the fact that the attempt to describe the Young Symbolists' reflection on different types of cognition is carried out not on the material of the artistic and theoretical texts of S. Solovyov, A. Bely and A. Blok, but on the material of their everyday life. This position makes it possible not to dwell only on those layers of reflection which the poets themselves realized and expressed verbally, but also to bring into the research field their ideas which are not were not fully verbalized. The results of this study can then be used to reconstruct more comprehensively the worldview paradigm of the Younger generation of Russian Symbolists.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122069459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Человек и культураPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40714
Elena E. Agratina
{"title":"Church patronage of art in a career of the 18th-century Parisian painter","authors":"Elena E. Agratina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40714","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article is dedicated to the problem of church patronage of fine arts in the 18th-century Paris. The predominance of secular art at the time did not lead to withdrawal between the Church and the artists who kept interacting with each other in the area of patronage, mainly of fine arts. In tracing documents and sources for this research the author deals with many academic aims, as follows: to classify church orders for the painters, to define its peculiarities, to value the meaning of church patronage for a painter at that time, to find a point of intersection of secular and religious artistic orders in the circumstances of a perpetual stream of luxurious secular orders. Meanwhile the author aims to distinguish different kinds of church assignments, such as small works for poor congregations, great altarpieces for Parisian cathedrals, paintings for monasteries usually based on sophisticated inventions (programs) understandable only by the ‘devoted’, and portraits of church leaders. Academic novelty of the article is determined by the exiguity of publications on the topic written by recent Russian researchers. In the meantime, French art historians are continually working with these problems and offer some of its solutions well-known to article’s author. The total investigation progress in this area is exemplified in the text by typical but semantically complicated works of art. The author of the article is led to a conclusion that church patronage took a considerable part of a Parisian artist’s carrier though church orders were not the main mover of artistic life of the time. Nevertheless religious painting was still an integral part of French fine art. During the 18th century the Church had been remaining to be a perpetual customer and a partner of painters settled in Paris who could fulfil a request for all kinds of high quality artistic production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":333566,"journal":{"name":"Человек и культура","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130152279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}