Enfermeria Universitaria最新文献

{"title":"Narrativa en Enfermería: Una experiencia de cuidado en hemodiálisis","authors":"N. Ramírez-Girón, E. Landeros-Olvera, B. Cortés-Barragán","doi":"10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.3.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.3.781","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La enfermería es considerada una disciplina científica cuyo fundamento epistemológico está compuesto por conceptos del metaparadigma, patrones y visiones del conocimiento. El análisis de estos elementos a partir de situaciones específicas de la práctica permite la construcción de conocimiento disciplinar, el cual contribuye al mejoramiento de la práctica, dado que se refleja en el quehacer profesional y en la actitud que se asume frente a las situaciones de cuidado. \u0000Objetivo: Analizar una narración de la práctica profesional de una enfermera en sala de hemodiálisis desde elementos epistemológicos propios de la disciplina de enfermería en el marco de la Teoría de Cuidado de Kristen Swanson. \u0000Desarrollo: Se realizó una narrativa en enfermería a partir de una situación vivencial de una enfermera en una sala de hemodiálisis. Se analizaron los conceptos del metaparadigma disciplinar: persona, salud, cuidado y ambiente; los patrones personal, empírico, ético y estético del conocimiento y la visión en enfermería. La Teoría de Cuidados de Kristen Swanson con sus cinco procesos facilitó entender el significado de la situación y de la relación enfermera-paciente. \u0000Conclusión: La narrativa resalta la importancia de continuar el proceso de construcción teórico científico de la disciplina de enfermería, posibilita la reflexión a partir de los elementos epistemológicos y debe ser considerada una metodología disponible para todos los profesionales. A su vez, permite afianzar el conocimiento e ir avanzando en el proceso de teorización para fundamentar con rigor científico el cuidado de la salud humana.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metas maternas, prácticas y consumo de alimentos predictores del índice de masa corporal en preescolares","authors":"J. Ángel-García, Y. Flores-Peña, P. M. Trejo-Ortiz, H. Avila-Alpirez, J. M. Gutiérrez-Valverde","doi":"10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.761","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is one of the most severe public health problems of the 21st century. During childhood, the mother is the main care provider and model of the health the son´s behaviors; and thus, factors such as the mother's objectives and the food choices habits have an impact on the body mass index of the son. \u0000Objective: To identify if the objectives and food choices of the mother, as well as the specific food can predict the body mass index in pre-school children. \u0000Method: This is a descriptive and correlational study. 217 dyads (mother and pre-school son) participated. The Food Choices Questionnaire, the Integral Questionnaire on Feeding Practices and the Food Frequency Questionnaire were administered. Weight and size were measured. The body mass index was calculated and nutritional status was estimated. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression, were obtained. \u0000Results: Convenience as an objective, the consumption of dairy products and sweet cereals, the age, and the mother’s body mass index, had an impact on the body mass index of the son and accounted for 28.3% of the explained variance. \u0000Conclusion: The studied variables had a minimal contribution to the BMI of the sons. It is recommended to carry out multivariate studies in order to explain more integrally the excess of weight among pre-school children.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42891491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfil del estilo de vida y actividad inflamatoria en personas con artritis reumatoide","authors":"A. Bernal-González, R. M. Gallegos-Torres, G. Peza-Cruz","doi":"10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.653","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic-degenerative autoimmune illness whose control depends on medications and environmental factors, in particular the lifestyles. \u0000Objective: To determine the profiles of lifestyles among persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and their related illness severity. \u0000Methodology: This is a descriptive, transversal, and correlational study on adults with rheumatoid arthritis. After obtaining their corresponding informed consents, the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints test, and Nola J. Pender’s Lifestyles Profile Questionnaire were given. SPSS version 22 was used to determine descriptive statistics with Spearman correlations. \u0000Results: 110 individuals were assessed, the global average of lifestyle scores was suggesting a healthy general profile, physical activity was found to be the most affected (85.5%). No correlation between the illness activity and the lifestyle was found. \u0000Discussion: There are few analogous studies and their results have been diverse. Therefore, it is important to continue analyzing the characteristics of lifestyles that can help reduce rheumatoid arthritis related inflammation in these patients. \u0000Conclusions: No correlation was found between the two studied variables; therefore, a lifestyle change does not necessarily imply a reduction in the level of inflammation.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"121-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vicisitudes de la práctica de enfermería ante la Covid-19","authors":"O.V. Orozco-López","doi":"10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.987","url":null,"abstract":"Lejano parece el mes de enero cuando estábamos saliendo de las festividades decembrinas y con gran expectativa y emoción recibíamos un año nuevo. Iniciaba el 2020, especial pues es nuestro Año Internacional de los Profesionales de la Enfermería y de la Partería, designado así por la 72ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud en conmemoración del bicentenario del natalicio de Florence Nightingale. \u0000Sin embargo, a inicios de este año la OMS reportó la existencia de un brote de neumonía atípica en la ciudad china de Wuhan. Se trataba del surgimiento de lo que posteriormente sería la pandemia de la Covid-19. \u0000El proceso de reconversión de las unidades que prestaron atención a pacientes con Covid fue el primero de muchos retos que el personal de salud que tuvimos que enfrentar.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"118-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fomento del autocuidado al paciente con sondaje vesical domiciliario mediante sesiones educativas","authors":"E. Moreno-Cabello, A.M. Gónzalez-Picazo, C. Martín-Salinas","doi":"10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.736","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Late infection is a possible complication an artificial urinary sphincter´s implant the most accepted method to treat urinary incontinence secondary to radical prostatectomy. If this happens, the prosthesis must be removed, and a urinary catheter was placed. Then, the patient becomes a urinary catheter home carrier prone to acquire urinary tract infections as a result of carelessness. \u0000Objective: To develop educational interventions so that these patients acquire dexterity to manage the urinary catheter and thus, prevent the possible associated infections. \u0000Development: A case of an 80 years old male carrying a urinary catheter temporarily substituting an artificial urinary sphincter is addressed. The nursing diagnosis assessment is performed. The patient demonstrates Insufficient knowledge related to the management of the device. Educational interventions addressing the situation are planned. After the implementation of the strategy, the patient improves his knowledge of urinary catheter management. \u0000Conclusions: Health education is an infection risk prevention tool that can address the management of urinary catheters in-home patients, improving the effectiveness of the related treatments. It is essential to identify the needs of the patients and help address them through educational interventions to enhance self-care and prevent possible complications.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El cuidado de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas de México en las crónicas de fray Bernardino de Sahagún","authors":"J. Badillo-Zuñiga, J. Alarcón-Hernández","doi":"10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/ENEO.23958421E.2020.2.795","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: Reconstruir historias contribuye a forjar identidades sólidas. El ejercicio interdisciplinario desde la metodología histórica, permite vincular la disciplina de enfermería con las prácticas tradicionales de la partería del México Antiguo enfocada en la actividad del cuidado de la mujer embarazada. \u0000Objetivo: Interpretar el cuidado de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas de México en las crónicas de fray Bernardino de Sahagún. \u0000Desarrollo: Se analiza el papel de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas tomando como fuente primaria el facsímil del Códice Florentino o Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de fray Bernardino de Sahagún, disponible en la Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), en conjunto con fuentes secundarias de investigadores especialistas de la cultura náhuatl. Con base en la hermenéutica para la historiografía de la Colonia, la investigación se organiza en dos dimensiones, de lo general a lo particular. Mientras que la primera muestra los aspectos generales, geográficos, la cosmogonía y cosmovisión de la población estudiada; la segunda corresponde a las características sociales, culturales, políticas y fenomenológicas como son símbolos, cualidades, divinidades, además de significaciones en torno a la partera. \u0000Conclusiones: El estudio de la historicidad de la partería devela prácticas tradicionales permeadas de la cosmovisión mesoamericana, de las cuales subyace un cuidado multidimensional que ve a la mujer como un reflejo del cosmos, la tierra y el origen de lo sagrado. Asimismo, desde la cosmovisión de la partera se identifica un ejercicio de prácticas tradicionales, de las cuales subyacen premisas clasificadas como supuestos epistemológicos a partir de la acción.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"220-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47565727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A un año de gestión en la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia (ENEO), iniciando el reto: la transformación","authors":"R. Zárate-Grajales","doi":"10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.854","url":null,"abstract":"La Enfermería es hoy en la UNAM una de las carreras de alta demanda. Esta situación nos obliga a redoblar esfuerzos para responder con calidad educativa a la sociedad que, ve en la Enfermería una excelente opción de vida profesional. \u0000La ENEO es una institución en pleno crecimiento, que tiene un fuerte compromiso social con la nación para formar a profesionales en dos licenciaturas, tanto en la modalidad escolarizada como en línea; ofrece 15 especialidades de posgrado, una maestría en enfermería, un doctorado en proceso de aprobación; así como diversos programas de educación continua. Todos ellos acreditados por los organismos nacionales correspondientes.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42424498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes de enfermería para la atención de personas con tuberculosis","authors":"F. Rodríguez-Mora, S. Sánchez-Piña","doi":"10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.713","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Being one of the 10 main causes of mortality worldwide, tuberculosis causes a great economic and social burden to societies. Considering that diverse factors are involved in the treatment adherence, and consequent cure, nursing attention, assessed through the related knowledge, practices, and attitudes, becomes of paramount importance. \u0000Objective: To assess the tuberculosis-related knowledge, practices, and attitudes among nurses. \u0000Methodology: This is a quantitative and descriptive study with a non-probabilistic sample of 19 nurses in primary care. Regarding knowledge, the basic general, and diagnosis and treatment related were assessed. Regarding practices, the resources identification, visits, care plans, and digital tools use were assessed. Regarding attitudes, the cognitive, behavioral, and affective areas were assessed. \u0000Results: The majority of nurses demonstrated a fair or low level of tuberculosis related knowledge. A little more than half of the participants demonstrated a regular or fair level of tuberculosis related practice. In general, the attitudes towards providing tuberculosis care were good. \u0000Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen the tuberculosis related nursing attention in terms of the 3 indicators assessed in this study. Without a sound base of knowledge, an expertised practice, and a good attitude related to addressing the problem of tuberculosis, it is hard to accomplish the objectives, programs, and policies of Public Health, a situation which indirectly, can also have negative impacts on the health professionals.","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conocimientos, actitudes y motivaciones respecto a la afiliación al colegio de enfermeras en docentes universitarios","authors":"C. A. Fernández-Silva, M.I. Riquelme-Rivera, C.A. Cannobbio-Chiguay, B. Pilquinao","doi":"10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.705","url":null,"abstract":"espanolIntroduccion: La participacion en el colegio de enfermeras es una instancia relevante para el desarrollo de la profesion a nivel pais, debido a la defensa que realiza por la enfermeria desde los diferentes ambitos de actuacion; es indispensable inculcar esta vision desde la formacion universitaria a traves de los profesionales de enfermeria que se dedican a la docencia. Materiales y metodos: Se realizo un estudio cuantitativo, transeccional y correlacional, en 49 academicos de las diferentes casas de estudio de la ciudad de Puerto Montt-Chile, en quienes se evaluo su afiliacion al colegio de enfermeras, ademas de sus conocimientos, actitudes y motivaciones respecto a participar en dicha instancia gremial; para tal fin se aplico un instrumento de elaboracion propia (α Cronbach 0.71). Resultados: Se encontro que el 40.9% de los docentes esta afiliado al colegio de enfermeras y que existe conocimiento suficiente respecto a esta organizacion, con una actitud desfavorable hacia el mismo, evidenciandose asociacion entre la actitud y aspectos como la dinamica de trabajo (p=0.043 Correlacion de Spearman: 0.158) y la afiliacion al colegio (p=0.02 Coeficiente de Spearman: 0.142). Discusion: La participacion colegiada permite el fortalecimiento de la profesion, ademas de favorecer la visibilidad, liderazgo e identidad profesional; aunque se reconocen estos aspectos no son suficientes para generar la afiliacion o una actitud favorable a esta. Conclusiones: En la promocion de la afiliacion debe considerarse la tendencia a no afiliacion de los docentes mas jovenes y los aspectos de motivacion, ambos relevantes para destacar la participacion colegial como un aspecto deontologico que forma parte del modelaje hacia los enfermeros en formacion. EnglishIntroduction: The participation with the College of Nurses is a relevant action to support the development of nursing in Chile because this organization stands as an important defender to the practice. Therefore, it is advisable that nursing teachers promote this vision among the nursing community. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, transectional and correlational study with 49 academicians from diverse teaching centers in the city of Puerto Montt, Chile, who were assessed in terms of their affiliation to the College of Nurses, their knowledge, attitudes, and motivations regarding their participation with this organization. A locally-designed instrument (α Cronbach 0.71) was used. Results: 40.9% of the teachers were affiliated to the College of Nurses. Associations between attitudes and working dynamics (Spearman Correlation = 0.158, p =0.043), and affiliation to the College (Spearman Correlation = 0.142, p = 0.02) were found. Discussion: The participation with the College of Nurses can allow the strengthening of the profession by favoring its visibility, leadership, and professional identity, though these important gains are not always sufficient to encourage an affiliation or a positive attitude ","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percepción del clima social en el aula por estudiantes de enfermería de tres facultades españolas","authors":"R.M. Cárdaba-García, M.S. Ovejero-de Pablo, R. Soto-Cámara","doi":"10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.645","url":null,"abstract":"espanolIntroduccion: El clima social en el ambito academico es la percepcion que tienen los individuos de los distintos aspectos del ambiente en el que se desarrollan. Contar con un clima social positivo facilita el rendimiento del alumnado y su satisfaccion personal. Objetivo: Analizar la relacion del sexo, la edad o el centro universitario con la percepcion del clima social en el aula en estudiantes del 2o curso del Grado en Enfermeria de las Facultades de Burgos, Soria y Valladolid, Espana. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, cuya poblacion de estudio fueron todos los estudiantes matriculados en el 2o curso del Grado en Enfermeria en las Facultades de Burgos, Soria y Valladolid durante el periodo academico 2017/2018; se estudia la posible relacion entre el clima social en el aula y los factores sociodemograficos mediante analisis bivariado. Resultados: Aceptaron participar 172 estudiantes. Se observo que tener mas edad se relacionaba con una mayor motivacion para asistir a clase (p=0.009), con un sentimiento de orgullo ante la universidad (p=0.001), con una mayor colaboracion entre companeros (p=0. 038) o con un mayor conocimiento de las normas de la universidad (p=0.001). Conclusiones: El clima social en los centros analizados se situa en un nivel intermedio, es irrelevante el sexo y el centro universitario. El alumnado de mayor edad se presenta mas motivado por el estudio, mas colaborador y mas identificado con el centro. EnglishIntroduction: Academic social climate is the perception which individuals have regarding the diverse aspects of the environment in which they are academically developing. Having a positive social climate facilitates the performance and personal satisfaction among students. Objective: To analyze the relationships between sex, age, and university with the perception of classroom social climate among students of the 2nd Grade of Nursing in the Universities of Burgos, Soria, and Valladolid, Spain. Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The population was constituted by all the students enrolled at the 2nd Grade of Nursing in the Universities of Burgos, Soria, and Valladolid during the 2017/2018 academic period. Using bi-variate analysis, the possible associations between classroom social climate and sociodemographic factors were studied. Results: A total of 172 students agreed to participate. It was observed that being older was associated to having a higher motivation to attend classes (p=0.009), a higher feeling of pride towards the university (p=0.001), a greater collaboration among colleagues (p=0.038), or a better knowledge of the university norms (p=0.001). Conclusions: Perceived social climate in these universities turn out to be fair. Sex and the specific university center were not particularly associated to the students’ social climate perception. The older students tended to be more motivated and collaborative, and more identified with the university. portuguesIntroducao: O clima social","PeriodicalId":33320,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Universitaria","volume":"17 1","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46261161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}