Dongfang Zhou , Lin Guo , Xin Lan , Jingzhi Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Wenjing Du , Gongming Xin
{"title":"Fabrication and enhanced thermal performance of a self-rewetting wick of silicon-based loop heat pipe","authors":"Dongfang Zhou , Lin Guo , Xin Lan , Jingzhi Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Wenjing Du , Gongming Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The improvement of chip integration has led to increased heat flux, making heat dissipation in confined spaces increasingly challenging. Silicon-based loop heat pipes (sLHPs) offer a simple, reliable, and easily integrated thermal management solution. Still, problems like dry-out, limited heat exchange area, and flow instability hinder further heat transfer improvements of sLHP. Therefore, a novel composite MCC wick (Microchannel-micropillar Composite Cell arrays wick) incorporating microchannels into the micropillar arrays has been designed and experimentally studied in this work. The results indicate that micropillar arrays provide fluid flow freedom and a high heat exchange area, benefiting the efficient evaporation of the working fluid. The microchannels enhance fluid flow stability by providing continuous adhesion, promoting the directional supplement of working fluid. Moreover, liquid-replenishment microchannels have been introduced to the proposed MCC wick, enabling self-rewetting of the wick and enhance liquid film evaporation. The highest effective thermal conductivity of the sLHP reaches 856 W/(m·K) after structural optimization, which is significantly higher than that of other sLHPs. This work is expected to provide valuable insights for the optimal design of LHPs and chip heat dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shixian Wang , Kai Wang , Chen Zeng , Shuichiro Miwa , Koji Okamoto
{"title":"A dynamic characteristic on the boiling crisis in downward facing flow boiling, Part II: Model development and validation","authors":"Shixian Wang , Kai Wang , Chen Zeng , Shuichiro Miwa , Koji Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper advances our understanding of boiling dynamics at the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) level within a downward flow boiling scenario. Building on initial visual observations, this study clarifies the mechanisms driving CHF front motion and introduces a model to track its progression. It reveals that the CHF front advances when the evaporation rate in the microlayer surpasses the liquid inflow. This insight has facilitated further modeling of the relationship between the CHF threshold and CHF front velocity using a balance model in the microlayer. We observe an inverse yet linear relationship where the ratios <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span> the microlayer radius to its thickness <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span> the mean liquid inflow rate <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span> show negligible variation despite changes in surface roughness and flow rates. Additionally, we have refined our CHF prediction model to incorporate effects of surface roughness and flow rate, linking it with the CHF front velocity model. This model, which balances three velocity terms at the CHF front, demonstrates substantial predictive accuracy and suggests that enhancements to the CHF threshold improve rewetting flow, thereby delaying surface dry-out, reducing CHF front velocity and enhancing CHF performance. These findings provide crucial insights for advancing thermal management technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterizing thermal distribution of electric heating plates for power battery","authors":"Guanqing Wang, Zhiyu Li, Junhua Zhang, Shuai Wang, Guanghua Zheng, Jiangrong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric preheating of power batteries within specific temperature ranges is recognized as a promising technology for enabling fast charging and discharging. Among various methods, electric heating plate (EHP) has gained widespread attention. Nevertheless, its performance remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the EHP is comprehensively characterized through the construction of a realistic three-dimensional transient model, which is experimentally validated. Detailed analysis is conducted on the influence of resistance wire (RW) width and thermal power, with a particular focus on temperature profiles and uniformity. The results show that a circular fillet structure is recommended to ensure uniform current distribution in RW instead of the traditional right-angle fillet structure. The temperature of the EHP gradually decreases from its center to the outwards, forming an O-shape distribution of isotherm. The temperature uniformity and maximum temperature difference are primarily determined by the width and spacing of RW, demonstrating a positive correlation. Our finding also reveals that an EHP with a RW width of 1 mm displays a maximum temperature difference within ±0.5 K, meeting the requirements imposed by major industrial power battery producers. These results not only provide guidance for optimizing EHP architecture but also support enhanced performance in the fast charging and discharging of power batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive revelation of the influence mechanism for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate by ammonium oxalate","authors":"Ronghuan Yang , Yong Kou , Jiao Wei , Qiangqiang Lu , Weihai Zhang , Zhongwu Chen , Cheng Zhang , Hongxu Gao , Fengqi Zhao , Wei Jiang , Gazi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rate inhibitors for combustion are crucial to decrease the burning rate and prolong the working time of solid propellants. Ammonium oxalate (AO), the most frequently utilized and effective rate inhibitor in propellants, faces the challenge of an unclear influence mechanism regarding ammonium perchlorate (AP). Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the influence mechanism of AO on the thermal decomposition of AP. This study fabricated AP/AO composites with varying AO content via wet milling, the structural, thermal decomposition processes and products of these composites were investigated. Additionally, the adsorption between AP and NH<sub>3</sub> was simulated. The findings indicate that the inclusion of AO inhibits the low-temperature decomposition (LTD) of AP while enhancing its high-temperature decomposition (HTD). Furthermore, it was observed that the heat release of AP/AO composites was lower than that of AP. The Gibbs free energy (Δ<em>G</em><sup>≠</sup>) of the AP/AO composites exceeded that of the AP at the LTD stage and was lower than that of AP at the HTD stage. Further study using molecular dynamics simulations revealed that as the increase of NH<sub>3</sub> concentration, its adsorption on the AP surface intensifies during LTD, inhibiting the forward progress of the AP decomposition reaction. However, NH<sub>3</sub> molecules desorbed from the AP surface and actively participated in gas-phase reactions with increasing temperature, thereby promoting the HTD of AP. This work is helpful to fully understanding the mechanism of AO in the process of the LTD and the HTD of AP but also contributes to the exploration of novel inhibitors and advances the development of low-burning rate solid propellants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaomin Zhu , Jie Deng , A. Heidari , M. Jamei , As'ad Alizadeh
{"title":"Mechanical performance evaluation of optimal hybrid composite fabricated with glass and carbon fibers and thermoplastic polypropylene matrix or fencing sports athletes","authors":"Xiaomin Zhu , Jie Deng , A. Heidari , M. Jamei , As'ad Alizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibers in composite materials intended for athletic equipment applications can exhibit superior mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, in comparison to the polymer matrix. In this study, glass fibers were combined with a polypropylene matrix, with six layers of glass fibers placed alternately between the polypropylene layers. The polypropylene matrix was melted using a hot-press machine, which covered the glass fibers by applying pressure and heat simultaneously. After fabrication, the mechanical performance of the composite was evaluated using various tests, including tensile, compressive, flexural, and shear tests. The mechanical characteristics related to each test, such as tensile strength and elastic modulus, were measured. The same process was repeated to produce composite sheets with a combination of carbon fibers and polypropylene matrix. Additionally, digital image correlation analysis was used to measure the shear characteristics of composites with 45-degree fiber orientation. Finally, the mechanical properties of glass fibers and carbon fibers were used to simulate hybrid composites, which combined carbon and glass fibers in the ABAQUS software. By moving the glass and carbon layers symmetrically and simulating the tensile test, the optimal hybrid composite was identified. The results show that placing carbon layers in the core of the composites led to a tensile strength of 155.4 MPa, while placing the carbon layers in the outer layer or middle of the composite resulted in tensile strengths of 145.7 MPa and 136 MPa, respectively. Therefore, the optimal hybrid composite was achieved by placing the carbon layer in the core.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suet Man Wong , Gineesh Gopi , Jung Kyung Kim , Dongchan Lee
{"title":"Experimental study on condensation-free radiant cooling panel with low-temperature for local cooling in vehicles - Part 2: Demonstration with passengers for thermal comfort analysis","authors":"Suet Man Wong , Gineesh Gopi , Jung Kyung Kim , Dongchan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiant cooling is highly energy efficient and provides excellent thermal comfort; however, owing to the large area required, it has primarily been applied to indoor space cooling. In this study, a low-temperature condensation-free radiant cooling panel (RCP), proposed in a related paper (Part 1: Design process and feasibility evaluation with performance test), was applied to an actual vehicle to study its effect and impact on thermal comfort. Thermal satisfaction and sensation were assessed using a subjective survey, and skin temperature was investigated using objective measurements in 17 participants. The results showed that the proposed RCP provided the passengers with better thermal comfort under solar radiation; furthermore, 95 % of participants found it more satisfying when the RCP was turned on, and the overall thermal sensation vote tended to be neutral (0) from warm (2) after operating the RCP for 5 min. In addition, thermal sensation in the head and upper body had a major effect on the overall thermal sensation, whereas thermal sensation in the lower body was of no importance to the overall thermal sensation. The RCP used in this study can maximize the energy-saving effect through local cooling, particularly in vehicles with large spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical contact line behavior prediction for droplet-wall impact by the modified Hoffman-function-based dynamic contact angle model","authors":"I.S. Vozhakov , S.Y. Misyura , A.M. Shain , R.I. Mullyadzhanov , M.V. Piskunov , P.A. Strizhak","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The droplet-wall impact phenomenon is observed in numerous applications such as spray cooling, coatings, wetting, and inkjet printing. To date, there are still unresolved issues related to the effect of wettability and hysteresis on droplet spreading along a wall and rim fingering. This research deals with the effects of dynamic and static contact angles on droplet spreading evolution, as well as with droplet rim fingering characterization. Experiments and direct numerical simulations are performed in a wide range of Weber numbers (<em>We</em> = 1–375). At high <em>We</em> numbers, the droplet rim loses stability and begins to deform, forming fingers. The critical disturbances resulting in the formation of fingers occur in times of around 1 ms, which are significantly smaller than those typical of maximum droplet spreading. Moreover, a certain shape of the droplet meniscus is shown to be necessary for the growth of fingers. When the contact line receding takes place, the contact angle depends only on the initial contact line acceleration. Considering the contact angle hysteresis and its dependence on <em>We</em> ensures a better agreement with experimental data during the droplet advancing-to-receding transition and the receding phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108372"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of heat exchanger with inclined finned semicircular tubes","authors":"Mateusz Szydłowski, Artur Gutkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article will examine the numerical analysis of airflow and heat transfer occurring in a heat exchanger with staggered finned semicircular tubes. Efficiency comparison between various inclined finned and plain tube banks provides a unique contribution to the heat exchanger design. Calculations were performed in five sets with separately applied variables– four with different degrees of finned tube inclination angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) and one with unturned plain semicircular tubes. Each set consisted of 10 simulations ranging in the Reynolds number from 1000 to 10,000. The behaviour of the fluid was presented in the form of contours of normalised: velocity, pressure and temperature; the results of all simulations were presented on graphs. The outcomes showed an improvement in the heat transfer rate from 6 % to 58 % with increasing the tube inclination angle. At the same time, rising pressure drops were observed. The highest value was recorded for the 45° inclination angle. The conclusion of the study is the validity of using inclined finned tubes in heat exchangers that focus on increased heat transfer without concentrating on pressure drops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Topczewska , Michal Kuciej , Aleksander Yevtushenko , Adolfo Senatore
{"title":"Calculation of the temperature field in the thermal sensitive disc-pad couple during multiple braking","authors":"Katarzyna Topczewska , Michal Kuciej , Aleksander Yevtushenko , Adolfo Senatore","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical model of frictional heating in a railway disc brake system during a multiple braking process is proposed. It considers the thermal sensitivity of the friction coefficient and the thermophysical properties of the materials. The developed model accounts for convective cooling of the brake disc only during the intervals between consecutive braking applications. The theoretical outcomes were compared with experimental data obtained from simulation on a full-scale inertia dynamometer for a friction node consisting of a cast iron railway brake disc combined with a composite friction material. An increase in temperature (by 30–50 °C) at each subsequent braking, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the friction coefficient, was observed. The analysis indicated that the relative difference between the maximum temperature values at each braking stage, derived from the model and the data recorded by the thermocouple system during testing, was less than 5 %. The good agreement of the theoretical results with the experimental data confirms the validity of the proposed model, which can be used to estimate the temperature of a disc brake operating in multiple braking modes with non-uniform cycles. Previously, such schemes have only been developed and validated for single and repetitive short-term braking modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhe Zhou , Mengli Li , Zhaolong Ge , Xu Zhang , Yilong Tang , Jinming Cui , Shihui Gong
{"title":"Drag reduction characteristics of RJD-suitable surfactant-polymer composite fluids under high shear","authors":"Zhe Zhou , Mengli Li , Zhaolong Ge , Xu Zhang , Yilong Tang , Jinming Cui , Shihui Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radial Jet Drilling (RJD) provides favorable conditions for exploitation of coalbed methane (CBM). However, the jetting medium always remains in a high-shear state (<em>Re</em>>> 1 × 10<sup>5</sup>) during the construction of RJD, with significant pressure loss that is difficult to control. In this paper, two surfactant-polymer composite systems for high-shear conditions are firstly preferred: CTAC-PEO and OTAC-PEO, with drag reduction rates (DR) of 31.92 % and 21.97 %, respectively. Secondly, three fluids were further optimized by adjusting the ratio and concentration of drag reducers: CP11–1000, OP41–1000, and OP41–3000. Their drag reduction characteristics were investigated at different temperatures and shear durations. Among them, the average DR of OP41–3000 at 55 °C is 2.28 and 2.95 times that of CP11–1000 and OP41–1000, respectively. Moreover, terminated DR after 30 mins of cyclic shear is 4.74 and 7.5 times greater than that of them, with a drag reduction retention rate exceeding 80 %. Finally, the “laminae encapsulate chains-network structure” was proposed to explain the mechanism of drag reduction under high shear. This study is the first to investigate drag reduction from the perspective of the jetting medium. The research findings will improve the future advancement of CBM mining utilizing RJD. Additionally, this study can assist in the selection of appropriate drag reducers for high-shear environment and the exploration of drag reduction mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 108341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}