International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Numerical assessment and design of advanced micro pin-fin heat sink configurations: Augmented water cooling solutions","authors":"Walid Aich ,&nbsp;Ramadan Youssef Sakr ,&nbsp;Ali Basem ,&nbsp;As'ad Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Mazen M. Othayq ,&nbsp;Mujtaba A. Flayyih ,&nbsp;Wajdi Rajhi ,&nbsp;Khalil Hajlaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to improve thermal management in small, high-power devices by numerically analyzing water-cooled micro-pin-fin heat sinks with novel geometries. Under various Reynolds numbers, the impacts of the proposed fin geometry and diameter ratio were systematically assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The trade-off between cooling enhancement and hydraulic losses was evaluated by analyzing key performance indicators, including average Nusselt number, wall temperature, pressure drop, thermal energy absorption, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal performance factor. The concave pin-fin configuration (Case A) outperformed traditional cylindrical fins in the first section, improving thermal performance of almost 8 % at <em>Re</em> = 500 and 7 % at <em>Re</em> = 2000. The impact of the diameter ratio was examined in the second section. The biggest ratio (DR = 1.00) produced the best results, with efficiency gains of roughly 6 % at <em>Re</em> = 500 and 5 % at <em>Re</em> = 2000 compared to the lowest ratio (DR = 0.25). All things considered, the results demonstrate that novel pin-fin designs and adjusted diameter ratios deliver notable and reliable increases in thermal efficiency across a broad range of flow conditions, making them attractive options for cutting-edge liquid-cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the infrared radiative properties of ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites","authors":"Qi Xie ,&nbsp;Xinyu Mao ,&nbsp;Lin Ruan ,&nbsp;De Lu ,&nbsp;Liang Ji ,&nbsp;Hu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal radiation properties of ZrB₂-SiC ceramic composites are vital for thermal transport applications, such as thermal protection system of aircraft. The optical constants of ZrB₂ and <em>α</em>-SiC were experimentally determined via spectroscopic ellipsometry across 0.2–20 μm wavelengths from 25 °C to 600 °C. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) framework was established to quantify the influences of material thickness (0.5 to 6 μm), temperature (25 to 600 °C), SiC particle shape (sphere, whisker, platelet), SiC volume fraction (20 % to 50 %), SiC particle diameter (1 to 4 μm), surface roughness (<em>R</em>_<em>a</em>, 0 to 1 μm) and porosity (5 % to 15 %) on the spectral emissivity within 1–20 μm. Additionally, the effects of above factors on the average emissivity within the atmospheric windows were compared to assess infrared stealth performance of the composites. The results indicate that the emissivity of ZrB₂-SiC composites increases with the increments of temperature, surface roughness, porosity, SiC volume fraction, and particle diameter and decreases with the increment of the surface-area-to-volume ratio of SiC particle and material thickness. These factors can induce a variation of 83.9 %, 41.5 %, 12.3 %, 136.1 %, 75.6 %, 74.9 %, and 9.7 % in the total emissivity, respectively. This research offers promising insights for guiding the regulation of spectral radiative characteristics of ZrB₂-SiC ceramic composites and enhancing the infrared stealth performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel finite cylindrical surface source model for ground heat exchanger in layered grounds & grouts","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Sifang Fu ,&nbsp;Ping Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Feng ,&nbsp;Linrui Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The classical analytical borehole-outside GHE ground models fail to consider the borehole's radial size and depth, stratified ground and borehole-in grout, which significantly induce considerable prediction errors. Thus, this study has newly proposed a vertically finite cylindrical surface source model (FCSM) by using the integral transform method. Based on it, a thermal property-driven superposition method is imposed on the FCSM, making it available to consider the vertically non-uniform borehole temperature and effects of stratified ground. Then, the stratified borehole-inside GHE fluid model is also developed by using Laplace and Convolution theorems, aiming to solve the thermal insulation layer-related heat transfer problem. Then, the whole GHE model has been verified by the on-site experiment and other published models. Consequently, a systematic analysis is performed, and the results indicate that: the FCSM considering borehole radius and depth can reduce prediction errors by up to 38.5 %; When the ground thermal conductivity decreases along the depth, the GHE usually acquires higher thermal efficiency, and a 200–250 m thermal insulation layer can further improve it. Finally, a real project-based study has been carried out to optimized the operation strategy. Overall, this study provides a novel method for an analytical solution to consider stratified ground and borehole, which further promotes the development of similar heat transfer problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of surface oxidation in enhancing heat transfer across graphene–water interface via Thermal Boundary Resistance modulation","authors":"Fabiano Tarulli ,&nbsp;Francesco Maria Bellussi ,&nbsp;Marina Provenzano ,&nbsp;Paolo De Angelis ,&nbsp;Alessandro Casto ,&nbsp;Margherita Vittucci ,&nbsp;Natalia Del Fatti ,&nbsp;Francesco Banfi ,&nbsp;Paolo Maioli ,&nbsp;Matteo Fasano","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionalization or surface oxidation is a fundamental requirement for carbon-based nanoparticles to prevent self-aggregation and thus be homogeneously dispersed in a fluid. However, the presence of functional or oxidation groups dramatically affects the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and thus the overall thermal properties of the resulting colloidal suspension. In this work, we systematically investigate through molecular dynamics simulations the effect of oxidation degree on the TBR at the graphene–water interface. We find a linear correlation between the oxidation degree and the thermal boundary conductance (reciprocal of TBR) at low-to-moderate degrees, which can be interpreted through a parallel thermal resistance model, considering the contributions of pristine graphene and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, confirming our previous experimental findings. Results are interpreted in the light of wettability, roughness and phonon density of states, which highlight the higher affinity between water and graphene as the oxidation degree rises. More generally, beyond the specific case study discussed in this work, this systematic approach can be applied to other solid–liquid interfaces to further explore the general correlation between TBR and surface oxidation degree.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial mechanism of silane-modified ZnO in silicone rubber: A molecular dynamics perspective","authors":"Guanyue Sun ,&nbsp;Richang Xian ,&nbsp;Xuebing Leng ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the challenge of thermal imbalance in silicone rubber (SR) materials used in cable accessories is crucial for enhancing the service life of such components. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to construct models of pure SR, SR/ZnO-KH550, SR/ZnO-KH570, and SR/ZnO-KH792. At the microscopic level, it analyses the effects of incorporating ZnO-grafted KH550, KH570, and KH792 on the electrical and thermal properties of SR composite materials, and calculates the thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature (Tg), relative permittivity, electrostatic potential, and structural parameters of the models. The research results indicate that ZnO grafted with KH792 silane coupling agent exhibits the best compatibility with the SR matrix. The thermal properties of the SR/ZnO-KH792 model show the greatest improvement compared to the SR model, with thermal conductivity increasing by 25% and Tg increasing by 36.1 K compared to the undoped model. The microscopic reasons for the improved performance of SR composite materials were analyzed based on four structural parameters: free volume fraction, average displacement, rotational radius, and hydrogen bonds. It was found that the addition of silane coupling agents increases the number of hydrogen bonds, effectively occupying voids in the model and restricting molecular chain movement within the model, which is a key factor in the improved thermal properties of the composite model. This study provides theoretical guidance for researching the electrothermal synergistic performance of cable accessory materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired heat transfer enhancement through yellowfin tuna gill structures","authors":"Junjie Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how the gill structures of yellowfin tuna—specifically lamellar fusions (<em>LF</em>) and leading filament edge protrusions (<em>LFE</em>)—enable highly efficient oxygen transfer, and applies these mechanisms to the design of biomimetic heat exchanger channels. Numerical simulations and experimental validations demonstrate that <em>LF</em> creates sieve-like flow paths, while <em>LFE</em> disrupts boundary layers, collectively eliminating physiological dead space and promoting turbulence, thereby enhancing oxygen extraction. When applied to thermal systems, <em>LF</em>/<em>LFE</em>-inspired structures integrated into heat exchanger channels increase the Colburn factor (<em>j</em>) by 9–31%, although accompanied by a 30–54% rise in the friction factor (<em>f</em>). A performance evaluation criterion (<em>PEC</em>) greater than 1 confirms the overall effectiveness of these bio-inspired structures in improving heat transfer, especially under laminar flow conditions. This research highlights the promising potential of biomimetic designs derived from yellowfin tuna gill morphology for innovative and efficient heat exchanger applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro joining of stranded Cu conductors and Ag wires in seconds and online monitoring assisted thermal-electric-mechanical modeling","authors":"Yuxin Xu ,&nbsp;Shanlin Wang ,&nbsp;Timing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinlong Su ,&nbsp;Cui Luo ,&nbsp;Zhenghang Xu ,&nbsp;Suyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The micro-joining quality between dissimilar micro wires directly determines the signal reliability and operational safety of aviation sensors, yet remains challenging due to incompatible requirements for precise heat control and joint integrity. In this study, a novel parallel electrode micro resistance brazing technique that prevented direct electrification of micro wires through exclusive Joule heating of a profiled graphite module was developed. The high transient process was deciphered via online monitoring using high-speed camera and infrared thermal imager, combined with a sophisticated 3D finite element thermo-electro-mechanical model. The validated model accurately captured dynamic thermal contact conductance (TCC) evolution and predicted characteristic thermal phenomena, demonstrating exceptional consistency with experimental measurements through a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.997. Under the welding current of 1.2 kA and pulse duration of 110 ms in finite element modeling, the peak temperatures of graphite and joint were 2349 °C and 433.7 °C, respectively. The model further demonstrated robust predictive capability across parameter extremes, accurately forecasting failure modes from incomplete bonding to base metal degradation. This work provides both fundamental insights into micro-scale resistance brazing mechanisms and a powerful predictive tool for process design in high-reliability micro-joining applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of frost formation mechanisms on cold surfaces over a wide temperature range","authors":"Wenzheng Wang,&nbsp;Fengjiao Yu,&nbsp;Congcong Wang,&nbsp;Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frosting is commonly encountered in the domain of refrigeration and cryogenic engineering. Notably, significant differences exist in frosting phenomena between ultra-low temperature surfaces and ordinary low-temperature surfaces. In this paper, the frosting process on copper surfaces at temperatures ranging from 123 K to 253 K was investigated using the LAMMPS molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The nucleation time and location under different frosting mechanisms were quantitatively identified using the radial distribution function (RDF) and mean square displacement (MSD). The results show that the emergence of the three frosting mechanisms, that is, cold surface condensation, boundary layer desublimation, and mixed mechanisms, mainly occurs after 7.5 ns. Under ordinary low-temperature conditions, water vapor condenses on the cold surface, while under ultra-low temperature conditions, water molecules can directly accumulate and nucleate within the boundary layer. Correspondingly, under the mixed mechanism, cold surface condensation and boundary layer desublimation occur simultaneously, with a nucleation time of 8 ns, which is later than the nucleation times of 6 ns for the boundary layer desublimation mechanism and 7 ns for the cold surface condensation mechanism. Furthermore, it has been found that the percentage of frost accumulation under the boundary layer desublimation mechanism is 46.3 %–47.9 %, while that under the mixed mechanism is 63.2 %–67.2 %. This study offers support for understanding the frosting mechanism on ultra-low temperature surfaces from a microscopic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural convection and flow structure evolution during solid–liquid phase change in a horizontal annulus","authors":"Mikołaj Bobula,&nbsp;Jerzy Wołoszyn","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural convection plays a crucial role in many engineering and research areas, including processes involving phase change. The melting process is of particular importance, as the thermal and flow behaviour of phase change materials (PCMs) evolves dynamically during this transition. This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of the melting process in a horizontal annular configuration, performed for three PCMs with Prandtl numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>) of 23, 116, and 230, at three Stefan numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) and six dimensionless diameters (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>). The corresponding Rayleigh (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) numbers ranged from <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>014</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>32</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>335</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Three distinct branches of flow structures were identified in the evolution of the flow patterns, and their occurrence depends primarily on the Prandtl number and the dimensionless diameter. The presented results indicate that increasing the dimensionless diameter (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>) and the Stefan number (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) promotes the development of convective cells, whereas a higher Prandtl number (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>) suppresses this tendency. More than two convective cells were observed to develop within the liquid PCM region only when <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> exceeded approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, a threshold value that is independent of <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span> and can be regarded as a critical condition for the onset of multi-cell convection. The characteristic stages of the flow were also identified with reference to the Nusselt number and the stream separation angle of the liquid PCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on thermal performance of water-membrane evaporator under low pressure","authors":"Shengtong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Liu ,&nbsp;Suchen Wu ,&nbsp;Chengbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal management against large-area aerodynamic heating is critical for the safety and reliability of hypersonic vehicles. To address this, this study proposed a water-membrane evaporator and investigated the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior and dynamic responses of the evaporator under varying heat fluxes and ambient pressures. Visualized experiments are conducted to capture transient responses and quasi-steady state boiling characteristics. Several indexes are proposed to evaluate the thermal protection performance of the evaporator. The results indicated that ambient pressure significantly influences the dynamic behavior of the evaporator. Lower pressure leads to lower temperatures and more rapid heat dissipation with more pronounced responses to heat flux changes. Conversely, higher pressure results in a slower, more dampened response. Under quasi-steady conditions, the effective heat transfer coefficient and wall superheat are governed primarily by the imposed heat flux, showing weak sensitivity to ambient pressure. This highlights how the membrane decouples the internal pressure of the evaporator from ambient environment. Furthermore, while the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) heat flux slightly increases with ambient pressure, the corresponding wall superheat remains nearly constant. An evaluation of performance indexes further shows that lower ambient pressure is advantageous, leading to lower quasi-steady operating temperatures and shorter transition times to reach stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110510"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}