IET Energy Systems Integration最新文献_第6页

A comprehensive survey of low-carbon planning and operation of electricity, hydrogen fuel, and transportation networks 电力、氢燃料和交通网络的低碳规划与运营综合调查

IF 2.4

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12139

Yeao Zhou, Sheng Chen, Jiayu Chen

{"title":"A comprehensive survey of low-carbon planning and operation of electricity, hydrogen fuel, and transportation networks","authors":"Yeao Zhou, Sheng Chen, Jiayu Chen","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12139","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12139","url":null,"abstract":"The trend of global energy systems towards carbon neutrality has led to an escalating interdependency between electricity, hydrogen fuel, and transportation networks. However, the means of surmounting the many challenges confronting the optimal coupling and coordination of electric power, hydrogen fuel, and transportation systems are not sufficiently understood to guide modern infrastructure planning operations. The present work addresses this issue by surveying the extant literature, relevant government policies, and future development trends to evaluate the present state of technology available for coordinating these systems and then determine the most pressing issues that remain to be addressed to facilitate future trends. On the one hand, the users of transportation networks represent flexible consumers of electric power and hydrogen fuel for those connected via devices such as electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through charging stations and hydrogen refuelling stations. On the other hand, power grids can mitigate the negative effect of random charging behaviours on grid security through time-of-use electricity pricing, while excess renewable energy outputs can be applied to generate hydrogen fuel. The findings of this overview offer support for infrastructure planning and operations. Finally, the most urgent issues requiring further research are summarised.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 2","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A distributed robust state estimation method based on alternating direction method of multipliers for integrated electricity-heat system 基于交变方向乘法的分布式鲁棒状态估计方法，适用于电热一体化系统

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12133

Yanbo Chen, Yulong Gao, Zhe Fang, Jiaqi Li, Zhenda Hu, Yichao Zou, Jin Ma, Chunlai Li, Qinze Xiao, Zeyu Chen

{"title":"A distributed robust state estimation method based on alternating direction method of multipliers for integrated electricity-heat system","authors":"Yanbo Chen, Yulong Gao, Zhe Fang, Jiaqi Li, Zhenda Hu, Yichao Zou, Jin Ma, Chunlai Li, Qinze Xiao, Zeyu Chen","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12133","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12133","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated electricity-heat system (IEHS) has been paid more and more attention in recent years for its advantage in improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions and increasing renewable energy penetration. To ensure the safety, reliability and economic operation of IEHS, several centralised state estimation (SE) methods for IEHS have been proposed. However, power systems and heat systems often belong to different management entities, and there are industrial barriers such as information privacy, operational differences, and target differences between them, which leads to less applicability of centralised SE methods. In addition, the robustness of existing distributed SE methods for IEHS is not satisfactory. To this end, a distributed robust state estimation (DRSE) model for IEHS based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed. Firstly, by introducing auxiliary state variables and measurements, a robust linear SE model based on weighted least absolute values (WLAV) is proposed. Then, second-order cone constraints composed of auxiliary state variables are added to the SE model, leading a SOCP-based robust SE model. Finally, the ADMM algorithm is used to solve the proposed SOCP-based robust SE model. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method has higher estimation accuracy in both general and strongly correlated adverse data tests and also can ensure data privacy, good robustness and high estimation accuracy. This indicates that the method proposed has good robustness and solves the problem of weak robustness of existing distributed static state estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"375-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on future trends of electricity consumption based on conditional generative adversarial network considering dual-carbon target 基于条件生成式对抗网络的未来用电趋势研究（考虑双碳目标

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12138

Jinghua Li, Zibei Qin, Yichen Luo, Jianfeng Chen, Shanyang Wei

{"title":"Research on future trends of electricity consumption based on conditional generative adversarial network considering dual-carbon target","authors":"Jinghua Li, Zibei Qin, Yichen Luo, Jianfeng Chen, Shanyang Wei","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12138","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12138","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of novel factors, such as the energy Internet and electricity supply-side reform within the context of the dual-carbon target (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality), has heightened the uncertainty surrounding electricity consumption (EC). This increased uncertainty poses challenges for accurate long-term EC forecasting. Due to the complexities of feature extraction and the absence of labelled data, conventional supervised learning-based forecasting methods, such as support vector machines (SVM) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM), struggle to predict EC with precision in situations of heightened uncertainty resulting from the interplay of multiple factors. To address this issue, a novel method based on a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is proposed. Initially, the dominant factors influencing future electricity consumption trends through grey correlation degree analysis and the K-L information method are identified. Subsequently, an EC forecast model is introduced based on CGAN, adept at capturing essential factors and the non-linear relationship between EC and exogenous factors. This approach effectively models the uncertainty of EC, accurately approximating the true distribution with only a small dataset. Finally, the proposed method by forecasting China's EC from 2015 to 2020 is validated. The results demonstrate that the authors’ method achieves lower root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error values, specifically 0.177% and 2.39%, respectively, outperforming established advanced methods such as SVM and LSTM.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"437-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supercapacitor-based coordinated synthetic inertia scheme for voltage source converter-based HVDC integrated offshore wind farm 基于超级电容器的协调合成惯性方案，用于基于电压源变流器的 HVDC 集成海上风电场

IF 2.4

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12137

Jiebei Zhu, Meiqi Shi, Lujie Yu, Junbo Zhao, Siqi Bu, Chi Yung Chung, Campbell D. Booth

{"title":"Supercapacitor-based coordinated synthetic inertia scheme for voltage source converter-based HVDC integrated offshore wind farm","authors":"Jiebei Zhu, Meiqi Shi, Lujie Yu, Junbo Zhao, Siqi Bu, Chi Yung Chung, Campbell D. Booth","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12137","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12137","url":null,"abstract":"A supercapacitor-based coordinated synthetic inertia (SCSI) scheme for a voltage source converter-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC)-integrated offshore wind farm (OWF) is proposed. The proposed SCSI allows the OWF to provide a designated inertial response to an onshore grid. Under the SCSI scheme, a supercapacitor is added to the DC side of each wind turbine generator via a bidirectional DC/DC converter, varying its voltage along with the offshore frequency to synthesise the desired inertial response. The HVDC grid side VSC employs a DC voltage/frequency droop control to convey the onshore frequency information to DC voltage without communication. Meanwhile, the wind farm side VSC regulates the offshore frequency to couple with the conveyed onshore frequency, considering voltage drop across the DC cables. An offshore frequency switching algorithm is incorporated to avoid undesired SCSI maloperation under offshore faults. The key parameters of the proposed SCSI are optimised through a small signal stability analysis. The effectiveness of the SCSI scheme is evaluated using a modified IEEE 39-bus test system. The results show that the proposed SCSI scheme can provide required inertial support from WTG-installed supercapacitors to the onshore grid through the VSC-HVDC link, significantly improving the onshore frequency stability.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A two-stage, four-layer robust optimisation model for distributed cooperation in multi-microgrids 多微网分布式合作的两阶段四层稳健优化模型

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12135

Haobo Rong, Jianhui Wang, Honghai Kuang

{"title":"A two-stage, four-layer robust optimisation model for distributed cooperation in multi-microgrids","authors":"Haobo Rong, Jianhui Wang, Honghai Kuang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12135","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12135","url":null,"abstract":"As the integration of microgrids (MG) and energy storage continues to grow, the need for efficient distributed cooperation between MGs and common energy storage (CES) becomes paramount. A robust optimisation model for the distributed cooperation of MG-CES is presented, taking into account distributed generation under uncertainty. The proposed model follows a two-stage, four-layer ‘min-min-max-min’ structure. In the first stage, the initial layer ‘min’ addresses the distributed cooperation problem between MG and CES, while the second stage employs ‘min-max-min’ to optimise the scheduling of MG. To enhance the solution process and expedite convergence, the authors introduce a column-constrained generation algorithm with alternating iterations of U and D variables (CCG-UD) specifically designed for the three-layer structure in the second stage. This algorithm effectively decouples subproblems, contributing to accelerated solutions. To tackle the convergence challenges posed by the non-convex MG-CES model, the authors integrate the Bregman alternating direction method with multipliers (BADMM) with CCG-UD in the final solution step. Real case tests are conducted using three zone-level MGs to validate the efficacy of the proposed model and methodology. The results demonstrate the practical utility and efficiency of the developed approach in addressing distributed cooperation challenges in microgrid systems with energy storage.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"406-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utility-scale solar photovoltaic power plant emulating a virtual synchronous generator with simultaneous frequency and voltage control provision 公用事业级太阳能光伏发电站模拟虚拟同步发电机，同时提供频率和电压控制

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12134

Raja Owais, Sheikh Javed Iqbal

{"title":"Utility-scale solar photovoltaic power plant emulating a virtual synchronous generator with simultaneous frequency and voltage control provision","authors":"Raja Owais, Sheikh Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12134","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12134","url":null,"abstract":"Network operators with significant solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration are having difficulty maintaining grid frequency and voltage within acceptable bounds due to the progressive displacement of synchronous machines. Utility-scale solar PV plants have a huge potential for participation in frequency and voltage regulation since they are linked to the grid through power electronic interfaces with flexible, decoupled control of active and reactive power. A comprehensive control strategy for a utility-scale solar PV plant is proposed to simultaneously participate in frequency and voltage control without the aid of any energy storage. The frequency response is accomplished by maintaining some active power reserves that enable the PV plant to participate in both over- and under-frequency events. The active power of the PV plant is modulated by operating the PV as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). Unlike the classic notion of VSG, an intelligent fuzzy-based technique is employed to adapt the gains of the VSG controller for improved control performance. Additionally, an adaptive droop-based voltage control mechanism is proposed to control the reactive power reference for the PV plant. The gain of the droop controller is adapted to the varying maximum reactive power capacity of the PV plant. This ensures that the PV system's unused reactive power capability is fully utilised. Through simulation studies, the efficiency of the proposed frequency and voltage control mechanisms is validated under a range of realistic circumstances. The findings show that the suggested control approach can efficiently leverage the PV plants' capacity to handle both frequency and voltage events.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"386-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and evaluation of architectural framework for a secured local energy market model based on distributed ledger technologies 设计和评估基于分布式账本技术的安全本地能源市场模型的架构框架

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12136

Godwin C. Okwuibe, Thomas Brenner, Muhammad Yahya, Peter Tzscheutschler, Thomas Hamacher

{"title":"Design and evaluation of architectural framework for a secured local energy market model based on distributed ledger technologies","authors":"Godwin C. Okwuibe, Thomas Brenner, Muhammad Yahya, Peter Tzscheutschler, Thomas Hamacher","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12136","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12136","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain-based local energy markets have been proposed in recent years to provide a market platform for local prosumers and consumers to exchange their energy in a secured, transparent and tamper-proof manner. However, there are still some challenges regarding the scalability of blockchain to handle high computational models/algorithms/contracts as this may result in the extension of the block size of the blockchain network and very high gas costs. Also, there is still the problem of transparency as regards General Data Protection Regulation because the full visibility of data in the blockchain may collide with privacy in some settings. A framework is presented that combines the on-chain features of blockchain with trusted execution environments to develop a transparent, tamper-resistant, low operation cost, scalable and resilient hybrid model architecture for local electricity trading. The model architecture was simulated in German community case scenarios for a varying number of prosumers and consumers to show its applicability. The simulation results show that the model was able to solve the scalability problem of blockchain for the local energy market application as the market model is run in a trusted environment where the integrity of the model can be verified by the participants.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"421-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent reinforcement training optimisation of dispatch strategy for provincial power grids with multi-agent systems: Considering operational risks and backup availability 利用多智能体系统对省级电网的调度策略进行智能强化训练优化：考虑运行风险和备用可用性

IF 2.4

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12131

Wenlong Shi, Xiao Han, Xinying Wang, Tianjiao Pu, Dongxia Zhang

{"title":"Intelligent reinforcement training optimisation of dispatch strategy for provincial power grids with multi-agent systems: Considering operational risks and backup availability","authors":"Wenlong Shi, Xiao Han, Xinying Wang, Tianjiao Pu, Dongxia Zhang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12131","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12131","url":null,"abstract":"In order to optimise resource allocation within the province, a two-stage scheduling model for provincial-level power grids, encompassing day-ahead and intra-day stages is proposed. Firstly, a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network is employed to generate scenarios for load and new energy output. Based on the generated scenario set, the model takes into account the uncertainty and permissible error intervals of new energy and load, utilising conditional value at risk to measure the system scheduling risk. In the day-ahead stage, an optimisation model is proposed, considering intra-provincial power purchase demands, with the goal of minimising system operating costs, including risk costs. It optimises day-ahead scheduling and contingency plans to ensure economic efficiency and robustness of the system based on extreme scenarios. During the training phase, the dataset is enhanced using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and updated daily, improving the training effectiveness of the multi-agent proximal policy optimisation intra-day scheduling model. In the intra-day stage, the intra-day scheduling model utilises ultra-short-term forecasting data as input to generate contingency plans for dispatching reserve units. Experiments conducted on the IEEE 39-node system validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 2","pages":"129-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An efficient load forecasting technique by using Holt-Winters and Prophet algorithms to mitigate the impact on power consumption in COVID-19 使用 Holt-Winters 和 Prophet 算法的高效负荷预测技术，可减轻 COVID-19 中耗电量的影响

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12132

Waqar Waheed, Xu Qingshan

{"title":"An efficient load forecasting technique by using Holt-Winters and Prophet algorithms to mitigate the impact on power consumption in COVID-19","authors":"Waqar Waheed, Xu Qingshan","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12132","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12132","url":null,"abstract":"It is strongly recommended to implement effective long-term load forecasting for future power generation in the new architecture of the smart grid and buildings. This method is essential for the smart grid's stability, power demand estimation, and an improved energy management system, which will enhance integration between efficient demand response and distributed renewable energy sources. However, due to influencing elements including climatic, societal, and seasonal aspects, it is quite challenging to perform energy prediction with high accuracy. To estimate the load demand before and during the time period of the COVID-19 paradigm with its diversity and complexity, the authors present and integrate time series forecasting techniques such as Holt-Winters and Prophet algorithms. In comparison to the Holt-Winters model, the Prophet model has shown to be more noise-resistant. Additionally, the Prophet model surpasses the Holt-Winters model according to the generalisability test of the two models by using the hourly driven power consumption data from Houston, Texas, USA. The resultant constraints and influential factors are discussed, and experimental results can be validated from the pivotal outcome.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"364-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring power system flexibility regulation potential based on multi-base-station cooperation self-optimising sleep strategy for 5G base stations 基于多基站合作自优化睡眠策略的 5G 基站电力系统灵活性调节潜力探索

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12130

Xiaoyan Ma, Yunfei Mu, Hongjie Jia, Ming Li, Yu Long, Qifeng Huang, Xinyang Jiang

{"title":"Exploring power system flexibility regulation potential based on multi-base-station cooperation self-optimising sleep strategy for 5G base stations","authors":"Xiaoyan Ma, Yunfei Mu, Hongjie Jia, Ming Li, Yu Long, Qifeng Huang, Xinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12130","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12130","url":null,"abstract":"5G base stations (BSs) are potential flexible resources for power systems due to their dynamic adjustable power consumption. However, the ever-increasing energy consumption of 5G BSs places great pressure on electricity costs, and existing energy-saving measures do not fully utilise BS wireless resources in accordance with dynamic changes in communication load, resulting in flexible resource waste and seriously limiting electricity cost savings for 5G BSs. A multi-BS cooperation self-optimising sleep strategy for 5G BSs that consists of an initial user association stage based on multi-BS cooperation (MBSC) and a self-optimising variable-threshold sleep stage (SVTS). First, a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) model is established. Then, a 5G BS economic optimisation model is constructed, which aims at minimising the electricity cost of the BSs and takes the BS and user equipment (UEs) states in the HCN model as constraints to clarify the optimisation objective and constraints for the proposed strategy. Furthermore, BSs are initially associated with UEs through MBSC, and idle and lightly loaded BSs are then maximally put to sleep through SVTS to reduce power and energy consumption and thereby realise economic optimisation of the BSs. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the proposed strategy and illustrate the ability of 5G BSs to provide flexible resource regulation for power systems.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 4","pages":"345-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0