Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Clinical profile of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19- and BBV152-vaccinated individuals among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a pair-matched study.","authors":"Vishakh C Keri,&nbsp;Bharathi Arunan,&nbsp;Parul Kodan,&nbsp;Manish Soneja,&nbsp;Neeraj Nischal,&nbsp;Ashwin Varadarajan,&nbsp;Akansha Didwania,&nbsp;Brunda R L,&nbsp;Anivita Aggarwal,&nbsp;Pankaj Jorwal,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar,&nbsp;Animesh Ray,&nbsp;Prayas Sethi,&nbsp;Ved Prakash Meena,&nbsp;Puneet Khanna,&nbsp;Akhil Kant Singh,&nbsp;Richa Aggarwal,&nbsp;Kapil Dev Soni,&nbsp;Alpesh Goyal,&nbsp;Animesh Das,&nbsp;Anjan Trikha,&nbsp;Naveet Wig","doi":"10.1177/25151355221115009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221115009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 infections among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-vaccinated individuals are of clinical concern, especially in those requiring hospitalization. Such real-world data on ChAdOx1 nCoV-19- and BBV152-vaccinated individuals are scarce. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand their clinical profile and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 1:1 pair-matched study was performed among vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients admitted between March 2021 and June 2021 at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. The vaccinated group (received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152) was prospectively followed till discharge or death and matched [for age (±10 years), sex, baseline disease severity and comorbidities] with a retrospective group of unvaccinated patients admitted during the study period. Paired analysis was done to look for clinical outcomes between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 210 patients, with 105 in each of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. In the vaccinated group, 47 (44.8%) and 58 (55.2%) patients had received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBV152, respectively. However, 73 patients had received one dose and 32 had received two doses of the vaccine. Disease severity was mild in 36.2%, moderate in 31.4% and severe in 32.4%. Two mortalities were reported out of 19 fully vaccinated individuals. All-cause mortality in the vaccinated group was 8.6% (9/105), which was significantly lower than the matched unvaccinated group mortality of 21.9% (23/105), <i>p</i> = 0.007. Vaccination increased the chances of survival (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.42-10.18) compared to the unvaccinated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the second wave of the pandemic predominated by delta variant of SARS CoV-2, vaccination reduced all-cause mortality among hospitalized patients, although the results are only preliminary.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221115009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/a5/10.1177_25151355221115009.PMC9373121.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine apartheid: the separation of the world's poorest and most vulnerable and the birth of Omicron.","authors":"Sakshi Prasad,&nbsp;Abia Shahid,&nbsp;Edzel Lorraine F Co,&nbsp;Govinda Khatri,&nbsp;Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema,&nbsp;Ian Christopher N Rocha,&nbsp;Mainak Bardhan,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehedi Hasan","doi":"10.1177/25151355221107975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221107975","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). TherapeuTic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221107975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/53/10.1177_25151355221107975.PMC9272166.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The involvement of microRNAs in HCV and HIV infection.","authors":"Nicky Joshi,&nbsp;Madhuri Chandane Tak,&nbsp;Anupam Mukherjee","doi":"10.1177/25151355221106104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221106104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 2.3 million people are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection worldwide. Faster disease progression and increased mortality rates during the HIV/HCV co-infection have become global health concerns. Effective therapeutics against co-infection and complete infection eradication has become a mandatory requirement. The study of small non-coding RNAs in cellular processes and viral infection has so far been beneficial in various terms. Currently, microRNAs are an influential candidate for disease diagnosis and treatment. Dysregulation in miRNA expression can lead to unfavorable outcomes; hence, this exact inevitable nature has made various studies a focal point. A considerable improvement in comprehending HIV and HCV mono-infection pathogenesis is seen using miRNAs. The prominent reason behind HIV/HCV co-infection is seen to be their standard route of transmission, while some pieces of evidence also suspect viral interplay between having a role in increased viral infection. This review highlights the involvement of microRNAs in HIV/HCV co-infection, along with their contribution in HIV mono- and HCV mono-infection. We also discuss miRNAs that carry the potentiality of becoming a biomarker for viral infection and early disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221106104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/54/10.1177_25151355221106104.PMC9272158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advancements and future prospects of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics: a narrative review.","authors":"Adekunle Sanyaolu, Chuku Okorie, Aleksandra Marinkovic, Stephanie Prakash, Martina Williams, Nafees Haider, Jasmine Mangat, Zaheeda Hosein, Vyshnavy Balendra, Abu Fahad Abbasi, Priyank Desai, Isha Jain, Stephen Utulor, Amos Abioye","doi":"10.1177/25151355221097559","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355221097559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made a global impact on the daily lives of humanity, devastating health systems, and cataclysmically affecting the world's economy. Currently, the Standard Public Health Protective practices consist of but are not limited to wearing masks, social distancing, isolating sick and exposed people, and contact tracing. Scientists around the globe undertook swift scientific efforts to develop safe and effective therapeutics and vaccines to combat COVID-19. Presently, as of mid-March 2022, 57.05% of the world population have been fully vaccinated, and 65.3% of the United States of America's (USA) total population have been fully vaccinated while 76.7% have received at least one dose of the vaccine. This article explores the various vaccines created through modern science and technology, including their safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action. Although the vaccines produced are up to 95.0% efficacious, their efficacy wanes over time, underscoring the need for booster doses. Also, vaccination has not been able to prevent \"breakthrough\" infections. The limitations of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines indicate that further measures are required to ensure a firm control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the use of certain therapeutic agents because they have shown remarkable clinical outcomes. Several therapeutic agents for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 include Gilead's remdesivir, Regeneron's casirivimab and imdevimab combination, Eli Lilly's baricitinib and remdesivir combination, Pfizer's co-packaged nirmatrelvir tablets and ritonavir tablets, and Merck's molnupiravir capsules. Hence concerted efforts in early and accurate diagnosis, education on the COVID-19 virulence, transmission and preventive measures, global vaccination, and therapeutic agents could bring this COVID-19 pandemic under control across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221097559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9160920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global herpes zoster incidence, burden of disease, and vaccine availability: a narrative review.","authors":"Catherina X Pan, Michelle S Lee, Vinod E Nambudiri","doi":"10.1177/25151355221084535","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355221084535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes zoster (HZ) is a neurocutaneous disease that causes significant morbidity worldwide. The disease is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which leads to the development of a painful, vesicular rash and can cause complications such as post-herpetic neuralgia and vision loss. Globally, the incidence of HZ is increasing, and it incurs billions in cost annually to the healthcare system and to society through loss of productivity. With the advent of effective vaccines such as the live attenuated vaccine, Zostavax^®, in 2006, and more recently the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine, Shingrix^®, in 2017, HZ has become a preventable disease. However, access to the vaccines remains mostly limited to countries with developed economies, such as the United States and Canada. Even among countries with developed economies that license the vaccine, few have implemented HZ vaccination into their national immunization schedules due to cost-effectiveness considerations. In this review, we discuss the currently available HZ vaccines, landscape of HZ vaccine guidelines, and economic burden of disease in countries with developed and developing economies, as well as barriers and considerations in HZ vaccine access on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221084535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Pakistan struggles to vaccinate its way out of the pandemic.","authors":"Qasim Mehmood, Irfan Ullah, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Syeda Kanza Kazmi, Attaullah Ahmadi, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno","doi":"10.1177/25151355221077658","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355221077658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"25151355221077658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/93/10.1177_25151355221077658.PMC8841903.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39792358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different drug approaches to COVID-19 treatment worldwide: an update of new drugs and drugs repositioning to fight against the novel coronavirus.","authors":"Josidel Conceição Oliver,&nbsp;Evandro Neves Silva,&nbsp;Letícia Martins Soares,&nbsp;Gislaine Cristina Scodeler,&nbsp;Ana de Souza Santos,&nbsp;Patrícia Paiva Corsetti,&nbsp;Carlos Roberto Prudêncio,&nbsp;Leonardo Augusto de Almeida","doi":"10.1177/25151355221144845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221144845","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the second half of 2022, there are about 606 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and almost 6,500,000 deaths around the world. A pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020 when the new coronavirus spread around the world. The short time between the first cases in Wuhan and the declaration of a pandemic initiated the search for ways to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to attempt to cure the disease COVID-19. More than ever, research groups are developing vaccines, drugs, and immunobiological compounds, and they are even trying to repurpose drugs in an increasing number of clinical trials. There are great expectations regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness for the prevention of COVID-19. However, producing sufficient doses of vaccines for the entire population and SARS-CoV-2 variants are challenges for pharmaceutical industries. On the contrary, efforts have been made to create different vaccines with different approaches so that they can be used by the entire population. Here, we summarize about 8162 clinical trials, showing a greater number of drug clinical trials in Europe and the United States and less clinical trials in low-income countries. Promising results about the use of new drugs and drug repositioning, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells to control viral infection/replication or the hyper-inflammatory response to the new coronavirus bring hope to treat the disease.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"10 ","pages":"25151355221144845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/af/10.1177_25151355221144845.PMC9791004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10663465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the safety of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic and seasonal vaccines in Morocco","authors":"A. Tebaa, R. Benkirane, L. Alj, I. Cherkaoui, R. Soulaymani-Bencheikh","doi":"10.1177/25151355221088157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221088157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A vaccination campaign against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 was implemented in Morocco between November 2009 and April 2010. Overall, 705,883 subjects were vaccinated by Pandemrix, Arepanrix, and Panenza. The adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) data comparison was made with the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccination campaign that was specifically investigated. Aim: To evaluate the safety of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine and to compare it to that of 2014 seasonal influenza vaccine. Methods: During the pandemic vaccination campaign, the Morocco Pharmacovigilance Centre reinforced passive AEFI surveillance with an active and prospective monitoring programme of 1000 immunized people over 6 months at 10 randomly selected vaccination centres. For the 2014/2015 seasonal vaccination campaign, AEFI data were collected from spontaneous notifications. Results: Active monitoring of 2009 pandemic collected 771 AEFI reports, corresponding to an AEFI incidence rate of 77.1% with vaccination by either Pandemrix or Arepanrix vaccine in 95% of cases. Reported AEFI were most frequently local (37.7%), general (29.5%), and neurological reactions (20.3%). Most of the AEFI (95.5%) were observed during the first 48 hours after vaccination, and the remainder within 2 weeks. None of the reported AEFI were serious case. The highest rate of notification was documented for health professionals, followed by patients with diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases. Concerning passive surveillance, the AEFI notification rate was significantly higher for the 2009/2010 pandemic vaccine (3.1 vs 1.2 per 10,000). However, there was no significant difference between pandemic and seasonal vaccination with regards to the serious adverse events (SAE) notification rate (0.3 vs 0.2 per 10,000). Conclusion: Data analysis indicates that the vaccines used against 2009 pandemic influenza in Morocco have a satisfactory safety profile, similar to the seasonal influenza vaccine with the exception of local reactions as observed previously in other countries.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low rate of COVID-19 vaccination in Africa: a cause for concern","authors":"Mohammed Al-Kassim Hassan, Auwal Adam Bala, A. Jatau","doi":"10.1177/25151355221088159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221088159","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). The development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in an unprecedented timeline was a major breakthrough and provided a significant lifeline to bring the global pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) under control. To date, these vaccines remain the safest and most effective tool available to combat the pandemic that has caused significant morbidities, mortalities, and economic downturns.1,2 Undoubtedly, the vaccine rollout has been marred by controversial issues such as vaccine inequity, vaccine nationalism, and vaccine hesitancy3 despite published scientific data from clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41723892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting epitopes for vaccine development using bioinformatics tools","authors":"Valentina Yurina, O. R. Adianingsih","doi":"10.1177/25151355221100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221100218","url":null,"abstract":"Epitope-based DNA vaccine development is one application of bioinformatics or in silico studies, that is, computational methods, including mathematical, chemical, and biological approaches, which are widely used in drug development. Many in silico studies have been conducted to analyze the efficacy, safety, toxicity effects, and interactions of drugs. In the vaccine design process, in silico studies are performed to predict epitopes that could trigger T-cell and B-cell reactions that would produce both cellular and humoral immune responses. Immunoinformatics is the branch of bioinformatics used to study the relationship between immune responses and predicted epitopes. Progress in immunoinformatics has been rapid and has led to the development of a variety of tools that are used for the prediction of epitopes recognized by B cells or T cells as well as the antigenic responses. However, the in silico approach to vaccine design is still relatively new; thus, this review is aimed at increasing understanding of the importance of in silico studies in the design of vaccines and thereby facilitating future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}