Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Different drug approaches to COVID-19 treatment worldwide: an update of new drugs and drugs repositioning to fight against the novel coronavirus.","authors":"Josidel Conceição Oliver, Evandro Neves Silva, Letícia Martins Soares, Gislaine Cristina Scodeler, Ana de Souza Santos, Patrícia Paiva Corsetti, Carlos Roberto Prudêncio, Leonardo Augusto de Almeida","doi":"10.1177/25151355221144845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221144845","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the second half of 2022, there are about 606 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and almost 6,500,000 deaths around the world. A pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020 when the new coronavirus spread around the world. The short time between the first cases in Wuhan and the declaration of a pandemic initiated the search for ways to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to attempt to cure the disease COVID-19. More than ever, research groups are developing vaccines, drugs, and immunobiological compounds, and they are even trying to repurpose drugs in an increasing number of clinical trials. There are great expectations regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness for the prevention of COVID-19. However, producing sufficient doses of vaccines for the entire population and SARS-CoV-2 variants are challenges for pharmaceutical industries. On the contrary, efforts have been made to create different vaccines with different approaches so that they can be used by the entire population. Here, we summarize about 8162 clinical trials, showing a greater number of drug clinical trials in Europe and the United States and less clinical trials in low-income countries. Promising results about the use of new drugs and drug repositioning, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells to control viral infection/replication or the hyper-inflammatory response to the new coronavirus bring hope to treat the disease.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"10 ","pages":"25151355221144845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/af/10.1177_25151355221144845.PMC9791004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10663465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the safety of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic and seasonal vaccines in Morocco","authors":"A. Tebaa, R. Benkirane, L. Alj, I. Cherkaoui, R. Soulaymani-Bencheikh","doi":"10.1177/25151355221088157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221088157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A vaccination campaign against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 was implemented in Morocco between November 2009 and April 2010. Overall, 705,883 subjects were vaccinated by Pandemrix, Arepanrix, and Panenza. The adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) data comparison was made with the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccination campaign that was specifically investigated. Aim: To evaluate the safety of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine and to compare it to that of 2014 seasonal influenza vaccine. Methods: During the pandemic vaccination campaign, the Morocco Pharmacovigilance Centre reinforced passive AEFI surveillance with an active and prospective monitoring programme of 1000 immunized people over 6 months at 10 randomly selected vaccination centres. For the 2014/2015 seasonal vaccination campaign, AEFI data were collected from spontaneous notifications. Results: Active monitoring of 2009 pandemic collected 771 AEFI reports, corresponding to an AEFI incidence rate of 77.1% with vaccination by either Pandemrix or Arepanrix vaccine in 95% of cases. Reported AEFI were most frequently local (37.7%), general (29.5%), and neurological reactions (20.3%). Most of the AEFI (95.5%) were observed during the first 48 hours after vaccination, and the remainder within 2 weeks. None of the reported AEFI were serious case. The highest rate of notification was documented for health professionals, followed by patients with diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases. Concerning passive surveillance, the AEFI notification rate was significantly higher for the 2009/2010 pandemic vaccine (3.1 vs 1.2 per 10,000). However, there was no significant difference between pandemic and seasonal vaccination with regards to the serious adverse events (SAE) notification rate (0.3 vs 0.2 per 10,000). Conclusion: Data analysis indicates that the vaccines used against 2009 pandemic influenza in Morocco have a satisfactory safety profile, similar to the seasonal influenza vaccine with the exception of local reactions as observed previously in other countries.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low rate of COVID-19 vaccination in Africa: a cause for concern","authors":"Mohammed Al-Kassim Hassan, Auwal Adam Bala, A. Jatau","doi":"10.1177/25151355221088159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221088159","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). The development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in an unprecedented timeline was a major breakthrough and provided a significant lifeline to bring the global pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) under control. To date, these vaccines remain the safest and most effective tool available to combat the pandemic that has caused significant morbidities, mortalities, and economic downturns.1,2 Undoubtedly, the vaccine rollout has been marred by controversial issues such as vaccine inequity, vaccine nationalism, and vaccine hesitancy3 despite published scientific data from clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41723892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting epitopes for vaccine development using bioinformatics tools","authors":"Valentina Yurina, O. R. Adianingsih","doi":"10.1177/25151355221100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221100218","url":null,"abstract":"Epitope-based DNA vaccine development is one application of bioinformatics or in silico studies, that is, computational methods, including mathematical, chemical, and biological approaches, which are widely used in drug development. Many in silico studies have been conducted to analyze the efficacy, safety, toxicity effects, and interactions of drugs. In the vaccine design process, in silico studies are performed to predict epitopes that could trigger T-cell and B-cell reactions that would produce both cellular and humoral immune responses. Immunoinformatics is the branch of bioinformatics used to study the relationship between immune responses and predicted epitopes. Progress in immunoinformatics has been rapid and has led to the development of a variety of tools that are used for the prediction of epitopes recognized by B cells or T cells as well as the antigenic responses. However, the in silico approach to vaccine design is still relatively new; thus, this review is aimed at increasing understanding of the importance of in silico studies in the design of vaccines and thereby facilitating future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying higher risk subgroups of health care workers for priority vaccination against COVID-19","authors":"M. Haq, A. Rehman, M. Haq, Hala Haq, Hala Rajab, Junaid Ahmad, J. Ahmed, Saeed Anwar, Sajjad Ahmad, N. Haq","doi":"10.1177/25151355221080724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221080724","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to close contact with infected patients in hospital. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and to identify the exposure risk of various subgroups among HCWs to prioritize them for early vaccination. Methods: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study conducted between 15 and 29 June 2020. A total of 987 HCWs were recruited randomly from two major tertiary-care hospitals of Peshawar city, Pakistan. The HCWs included doctors, nurses, paramedics and hospital support staff. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved kit was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results: Overall, 310 (31.4%) HCWs were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (95% confidence interval, CI: 28.5–34.4). Seroprevalence was higher in males (33.5%) and in age group 51–60 years (40.9%). Seropositivity increased with increasing age from 8.3% in age group ⩽20 to 40.9% in 51–60 years of age group (p < 0.05). The highest seroprevalence was identified in paramedical staff (42·5%, 95% CI: 36.6–48.6) followed by nursing staff (38·8%, 95% CI: 32.1–45.7). In logistic regression, being a male HCW led to higher risk of seropositivity (odds ratio, OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1·06–2.13. p < 0.05) compared with female staff members. The odds of seropositivity was higher in nurses (OR: 3·47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.05. p < 0.01), paramedical staff (OR: 3·19, 95% CI: 1.93–5.28. p < 0.01) and hospital support staff (OR: 2·47, 95% CI: 1.29–4.7. p < 0.01) compared with consultants. Conclusion: Overall, our results concluded that nursing and paramedical staff are at higher risk and should be vaccinated on priority.","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and reactogenicity of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: experience from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance.","authors":"Joseph Fiore,&nbsp;Maribel Miranda Co-van der Mee,&nbsp;Andrés Maldonado,&nbsp;Lisa Glasser,&nbsp;Phil Watson","doi":"10.1177/25151355211057479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211057479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is licensed for the prevention of herpes zoster. This paper reviews its safety and reactogenicity. A pooled analysis of two pivotal randomized Phase-3 trials (NCT01165177, NCT01165229) in adults ⩾50 years found that more solicited adverse events (AEs) were reported with RZV than placebo. Injection site pain was the most common solicited AE (RZV: 78.0% participants; placebo: 10.9%). Grade-3 pain occurred in 6.4% of RZV and 0.3% of placebo recipients. Myalgia, fatigue, and headache were the most commonly reported general solicited AEs (RZV: 44.7%, 44.5%, and 37.7%, respectively; placebo: 11.7%, 16.5%, and 15.5%, respectively). Most symptoms were mild to moderate in intensity with a median duration of 2-3 days. The intensity of reactogenicity symptoms did not differ substantially after the first and second vaccine doses. The pooled analysis of the pivotal Phase-3 trials did not identify any clinically relevant differences in the overall incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), fatal AEs or potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) between RZV and placebo. Reactogenicity in five studies of immunocompromised patients ⩾18 years (autologous stem cell transplant, human immunodeficiency virus, solid tumors, hematological malignancies, and renal transplant; NCT01610414, NCT01165203, NCT01798056, NCT01767467, and NCT02058589) was consistent with that observed in the pivotal Phase-3 trials. There were no clinically relevant differences between RZV and placebo in the immunocompromised populations with regard to overall incidence of SAEs, fatal AEs, pIMDs, or AEs related to patients' underlying condition. Post-marketing surveillance found that the most commonly reported AEs were consistent with the reactogenicity profile of the vaccine in clinical trials. Overall, the clinical safety data for RZV are reassuring.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211057479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/70/10.1177_25151355211057479.PMC8734271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 vaccines and role of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the pandemic.","authors":"Charles Yap,&nbsp;Abulhassan Ali,&nbsp;Amogh Prabhakar,&nbsp;Akul Prabhakar,&nbsp;Aman Pal,&nbsp;Ying Yi Lim,&nbsp;Pramath Kakodkar","doi":"10.1177/25151355211059791","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355211059791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid expansion in vaccine research focusing on exploiting the novel discoveries on the pathophysiology, genomics, and molecular biology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although the current preventive measures are primarily socially distancing by maintaining a 1 m distance, it is supplemented using facial masks and other personal hygiene measures. However, the induction of vaccines as primary prevention is crucial to eradicating the disease to attempt restoration to normalcy. This literature review aims to describe the physiology of the vaccines and how the spike protein is used as a target to elicit an antibody-dependent immune response in humans. Furthermore, the overview, dosing strategies, efficacy, and side effects will be discussed for the notable vaccines: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Gamaleya, and SinoVac. In addition, the development of other prominent COVID-19 vaccines will be highlighted alongside the sustainability of the vaccine-mediated immune response and current contraindications. As the research is rapidly expanding, we have looked at the association between pregnancy and COVID-19 vaccinations, in addition to the current reviews on the mixing of vaccines. Finally, the prominent emerging variants of concern are described, and the efficacy of the notable vaccines toward these variants has been summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211059791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/23/10.1177_25151355211059791.PMC8637774.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: first 90 days of experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India.","authors":"Chetak Kadabasal Basavaraja,&nbsp;Juny Sebastian,&nbsp;Mandyam Dhati Ravi,&nbsp;Sheba Baby John","doi":"10.1177/25151355211055833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211055833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 vaccination program was introduced in India on 16 January 2021. The Government-issued fact sheet was the only source of information regarding Adverse Events Following Immunizations (AEFIs) for these vaccines. The objective of this study was to assess the AEFIs reported following COVID-19 vaccination in a tertiary care teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The spontaneous reporting method was used for data collection for a period of 3 months. A data collection form was designed to collect the data from the study population who reported adverse events. Collected data were analyzed and categorized by severity and seriousness. The causality assessment team performed causality assessment of the AEFIs using the World Health Organization's causality assessment algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,656 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered at the study site during the study period, of which 9292 doses were COVISHIELD™ and 2364 doses were COVAXIN™. In all, 445 AEFIs were reported from 269 subjects with an incidence rate of 3.48%. The majority of the subjects with AEFIs belonged to the age group of 18-45 years. Out of the total 445 AEFIs, 418 AEFIs were expected as per the fact sheets, 409 with COVISHIELD™ and 9 with COVAXIN™. Most of the AEFIs [62.02% (<i>n</i> = 276)] were observed at the system organ class of 'General disorders and administration site conditions'. After the causality assessment, out of 433 AEFIs to COVISHIELD^TM vaccine, 94.22% (<i>n</i> = 408) of events were categorized to have 'consistent causal association with immunization'. Out of 12 adverse events following COVAXIN™, 8 (66.66%) events were categorized as 'consistent causal association with immunization'. All of them recovered from their adverse events without any sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spontaneous reporting is one of the cheapest methods that can be used for the reporting of AEFI. This method helps health care professionals to identify rare events and potential signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211055833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/38/10.1177_25151355211055833.PMC8611289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39674464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis after Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Jeremy Mayfield,&nbsp;Sumedha Bandi,&nbsp;Latha Ganti,&nbsp;Jose Rubero","doi":"10.1177/25151355211048418","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355211048418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors of this article report on a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) in anaphylaxis after receiving the Moderna® COVID-19 vaccine. The patient was hypoxic, with diffuse wheezing bilaterally to auscultation, flush skin, swollen face, and the feeling of her throat closing. Anaphylaxis can have wide range of presentation, the key is recognizing the symptoms and treating early. The incidence of anaphylaxis from COVID-19 vaccine is not well documented to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211048418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/0e/10.1177_25151355211048418.PMC8558796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving vaccine-related health literacy in parents: comparison on the readability of CDC Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) and Health and Human Services (HHS) patient-facing vaccine literature.","authors":"Beverley C Millar,&nbsp;John E Moore","doi":"10.1177/25151355211047521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211047521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211047521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/60/10.1177_25151355211047521.PMC8485266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39507124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}