Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Serious adverse events following immunization and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 vaccination in India: a secondary data analysis of nationwide causality assessments.","authors":"Abin Kulathunkal Rajan, Md Abu Bashar","doi":"10.1177/25151355251321697","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251321697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccines against COVID-19 were viewed as a way out to the ongoing pandemic and were given the emergency use authorization in India to initiate mass vaccination in January 2021. This study aimed to investigate the serious adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) reported for COVID-19 vaccines and to identify predictors of mortality among these cases from India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was conducted on the causality assessment reports for the 2708 serious AEFIs published by the National AEFI Committee under the Immunization Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The analysis included all 21 reports published up until May 2023. The primary outcome variable analyzed was the survival/death status of each AEFI case, with various covariates from the published documents considered in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the serious AEFIs assessed were either coincidental (1220, 45%) or undetermined/unclassifiable (781, 28.8%). The majority of the serious AEFIs were reported among recipients of Covishield (1891, 69.8%) followed by Covaxin (347, 12.8%). Among these, 1114 (42.1%) died while the remaining 1594 (58.9%) were hospitalized and recovered. Systematically, AEFIs involving the cardiovascular system (696, 31.3%) were the most common, followed by those affecting the respiratory system (288, 13%) and neuropsychiatric system (295, 13.3%) which had a significant association with age (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and gender (<i>p</i> < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, females (<i>p</i> = 0.001), younger age groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFIs whose causality was determined and classified (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFI involving gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric system (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFIs reported from North and Western India (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and those occurring during the winter season (<i>p</i> < 0.05) had significantly lower odds of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the cohort of serious AEFIs reported, older age, male sex, undetermined or unclassifiable causality classification, and involvement of the cardiovascular system were associated with significantly higher odds of mortality and require close monitoring following vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251321697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis with isolated diaphragmatic involvement in a lung cancer patient: a case report.","authors":"Nefeli Mouratidou, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Iro Vrouvaki, Vasileios Skouras, Stamatis Katsenos","doi":"10.1177/25151355251324374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251324374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune-related neuromuscular disorders are rare and potentially life-threatening adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in the treatment of cancer. They tend to have a chronic course that usually leads to the permanent discontinuation of immunotherapy. We present a case of pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis that only involved the diaphragm. The patient is a 71-year-old female with a history of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma under maintenance therapy with pemetrexed and pembrolizumab after a complete response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy. She complained of orthopnea since the previous month and was admitted due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. Radiology showed decreased lung volumes and atelectatic areas in both lower lung fields. A subsequent bronchoscopy ruled out infection and cancer recurrence. Pulmonary function tests revealed a mixed disorder with a severe reduction in maximal inspiratory pressure and a large drop in vital capacity in the supine versus the sited position. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm confirmed bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction, and the patient was initiated on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during sleep, which led to symptom relief. A neurological physical examination did not reveal any other muscle involvement. Laboratory tests for myasthenic syndromes showed an elevated titer of the anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, which confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The patient was subsequently treated with corticosteroids, pyridostigmine, and intravenous immunoglobulin and was gradually able to wean off supplemental oxygen. On follow-up, her chest X-ray and spirometry had improved, but she continued sleeping on NIV. Pembrolizumab was stopped, and she is still free of cancer after 9 months. Clinicians treating cancer patients with immunotherapy should be aware of this rare complication and perform timely investigations in any case of orthopnea in the course of ICI therapy to offer specialized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251324374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors.","authors":"Malik Sallam, Kholoud Al-Mahzoum, Zainab Mansour Yousef, Jeelan Saleh Alfouzan, Maryam Jamal Alharbi, Mohammad Khaled Alsubaiei, Mohammed Yahya M Albalwah, Mohammad W Shehadeh, Rawan J Obeidat, Khaled O Yaseen, Doaa H Abdelaziz, Nesreen A Salim, Mohammed Sallam, Muna Barakat","doi":"10.1177/25151355251324384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355251324384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially to hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for the elderly, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the RSV vaccination attitudes to inform public health strategies that can enhance uptake among this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could influence the attitudes toward RSV vaccination among senior citizens in Arab countries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted using a survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis to assess attitudes toward the newly approved RSV vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered online survey was distributed conveniently among senior citizens mainly across five Arab countries. The survey collected data on demographics, vaccination history, and key constructs related to RSV vaccine attitude, including \"Fear,\" \"Information,\" \"Accessibility,\" \"Benefits,\" and \"Conspiracy.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 483 participants were included in the study, with the majority from five Arab countries: Jordan (<i>n</i> = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait (<i>n</i> = 74, 15.3%), Egypt (<i>n</i> = 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia (<i>n</i> = 51, 10.6%), and the UAE (<i>n</i> = 23, 4.8%), alongside participants from other Arab nations (<i>n</i> = 28, 5.8%). Among the respondents, 51.1% (<i>n</i> = 247) expressed acceptance of the RSV vaccine, 22.4% (<i>n</i> = 108) were hesitant, and 26.5% (<i>n</i> = 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits (β = 0.484, <i>p</i> < 0.001), information needs (β = 0.229, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and previous vaccination history (β = 0.087, <i>p</i> = 0.016) as significant positive predictors of vaccine acceptance. Conversely, stronger conspiracy beliefs (β = -0.083, <i>p</i> = 0.035) were associated with vaccine resistance. Fear and accessibility were not significant predictors of vaccine attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings showed that perceived benefits, access to reliable information, previous vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs are essential to promote RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors. These factors are recommended to improve RSV vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251324384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for dengue vaccine implementation in the elderly population.","authors":"Nguyen Ngoc Truong Giang, Andrew W Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.1177/25151355251321718","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251321718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is a mosquito-borne flaviviral disease that is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Although it was once considered a neglected disease, the incidence and mortality rates of dengue have surged over the past decade, in part due to the expanding distribution of the <i>Aedes</i> spp. vector facilitated by changing climatic factors. While most infections are asymptomatic or cause mild flu-like symptoms, some cases can develop into severe forms, leading to serious complications. The burden of the disease is gradually shifting from primarily affecting children, whose immune systems are immature, to increasingly impacting the older population, who typically experience waning immune responsiveness and comorbidities. With no specific treatment available, the development of a prophylactic vaccine is crucial for long-term control and prevention. School-age children are the primary target group for immunization programs of the two recently licensed dengue vaccines. However, there is limited information on the efficacy of either vaccine among the elderly or of two further immunogenic preparations currently undergoing clinical trials. This review gives an update on dengue vaccine implementation and provides recommendations for the vaccination of persons aged 60 years and above.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251321718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape.","authors":"Maryam Shafaati, Shayan Forghani, Amirhossein Shahsavand Davoudi, Reza Samiee, Keyhan Mohammadi, Samaneh Akbarpour, Arash Seifi, Mohammadreza Salehi, Maryam Zare","doi":"10.1177/25151355251314339","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251314339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the surge in mpox outbreaks in 2022 and the advancements in domestic and international vaccine research, the effectiveness of smallpox vaccines in providing cross-protection against mpox remains crucial. Having learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is significant to continue evaluating existing vaccines to ensure their safety and efficacy. Developing new vaccines for widespread use against mpox and its emerging strains also serves as a preventive strategy in the ongoing battle against this dynamic infection. Here's an opportunity to control human-to-human transmission, give short deadlines, and avoid vaccine disparity. Public health systems must take decisive action to prevent the global spread of mpox, particularly among vulnerable groups. This action should include strengthening global surveillance, improving vaccine access, and ensuring equitable distribution, particularly in resource-poor settings, to prevent future outbreaks. This review aims to assess recent advancements and barriers in mpox vaccine development, emphasizing cross-protection and equitable vaccine distribution in resource-poor settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251314339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, practices, and associated factors toward cervical cancer among female health sciences students of Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Sisay Endale, Kalkidan Delelegn, Zenebe Negash","doi":"10.1177/25151355251314733","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251314733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Early screening and vaccination can prevent cervical cancer; however, the low levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice among the young can contribute to the high prevalence of cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer and associated factors among female Health Sciences students of the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 among regular undergraduate female Health Sciences students of Addis Ababa University.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Results were presented using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was conducted to look at the existence of significant associations and determine adjusted odds ratio. Statistical significance was declared at <i>p</i>-value ⩽0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the study participants were within the age range of 18-24 years. From the 305 female Health Sciences students, almost all had heard about cervical cancer and 93.4% of them reported that human papillomavirus is the causative agent. About 75% of the respondents recognized at least one possible symptom of cervical cancer. Furthermore, nearly 70% and 78.3% of the participants showed positive attitudes toward taking and recommending human papillomavirus vaccines respectively. Only 16.1% and 48.9% of the respondents have good knowledge, and a positive attitude respectively. Surprisingly only 1.6% and 0.3% of the respondents have taken the human papillomavirus vaccine and undergone cervical screening respectively. Radiography technology students are about 86% less likely to have good knowledge compared to students in other fields of study (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Furthermore, year 4 and above students have significantly higher knowledge (89.2%) compared to those in years 1-3 (58%; AOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The knowledge of female Health Sciences students on cervical cancer was moderate, and about half had a positive attitude. However, their practice of human papillomavirus screening and vaccination was very low. Level of education and field of study were significantly associated with the knowledge of cervical cancer. Addressing gaps through awareness programs, and enhancing accessible health services can help empower these future health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251314733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recent landscape of RSV vaccine research.","authors":"Karen Kelleher, Nadisha Subramaniam, Simon B Drysdale","doi":"10.1177/25151355241310601","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355241310601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant burden of acute respiratory illness across all ages, particularly for infants and older adults. Infants, especially those born prematurely or with underlying health conditions, face a high risk of severe RSV-related lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Globally, RSV contributes to millions of LRTI cases annually, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The RSV virion outer capsule contains glycoproteins G and F which are essential for viral entry into respiratory epithelial cells and represent key targets for therapeutics development. The F-glycoprotein has several highly conserved antigenic sites that have proven useful targets for the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against RSV. Historically, prevention in infants was limited to the mAb palivizumab, which, despite its efficacy, was costly and inaccessible in many regions. Recent advancements include nirsevimab, a long-acting mAb that has shown substantial efficacy in reducing medically attended RSV-related disease in infants, in phase III clinical trials, early regional and national real-world data. In addition, three new vaccines have been approved: two protein subunit vaccines and a messenger RNA vaccine. The vaccines are all licenced for use in older adults, with one also approved as a maternal vaccine. Promising candidates in development include the mAb clesrovimab, which has an extended half-life and high levels in the nasal epithelial lining and high safety and efficacy profiles in late-stage trials. There are also a wide range of vaccine candidates currently in late-stage clinical trials. These developments signify a major advancement in RSV prevention strategies, offering improved protection for high-risk populations. With the ongoing rollout of the recently licenced vaccines and mAbs internationally, the landscape of RSV care is rapidly changing. We also must ensure these advances reach those in LMICs who need these therapies most.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355241310601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United Kingdom: a systematic review of the literature on uptake of, and barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination.","authors":"Anna Karakusevic, Anna M Foss","doi":"10.1177/25151355241308313","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355241308313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with HPV and HPV-related diseases representing a substantial disease burden. HPV vaccination has reduced HPV infections and HPV-related diseases; however, there is growing evidence of delayed or refused vaccination due to a lack of trust in vaccines. Understanding the factors that impact vaccine uptake will allow the development and implementation of successful vaccination programmes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of HPV vaccination among adolescents and parents in the United Kingdom (UK).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases (Embase, Medline and Cochrane) and grey literature sources were searched to identify publications pertaining to 'adolescents', 'parents', 'vaccine uptake', 'vaccine hesitancy' and 'barriers or facilitators to vaccination'. Searches were limited to English language and articles published specific to the United Kingdom between 2017 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following a review of 152 abstracts, 24 publications met the inclusion criteria. While HPV vaccination is widely accepted in the UK, with coverage reported ⩾80% in peer-reviewed literature, the UK Health Security Agency report that vaccine coverage estimates in England between 2020-2023 remain below 80% and are lower than pre-COVID levels. Several important barriers were identified that may impact vaccine uptake, including system-level (challenges with obtaining consent), psychological/behavioural (perception of HPV risk vs vaccine risks), and sociodemographic factors, with similar factors reported among adolescents and parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPV vaccination coverage remains below pre-COVID levels in the UK and common barriers among adolescents and parents have been identified that must be addressed to improve coverage rates. There is currently limited evidence among adolescent boys to fully evaluate any differences in vaccination coverage, or barriers, compared to girls. More research is required into facilitators to vaccination (especially to address sociodemographic barriers), to identify approaches to tackle the barriers that currently impede HPV vaccination uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"25151355241308313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cannabis use and clinical outcomes in patients with solid malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.","authors":"Tarik Hadid, Adam Biedny, Hirva Mamdani, Asfar Azmi, Seongho Kim, Hyejeong Jang, Dipesh Uprety, Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak, Ammar Sukari","doi":"10.1177/25151355241309095","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355241309095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis (CAN) use has risen significantly over the last few decades. CAN has potent immunosuppressive properties, which could antagonize the effect of immunotherapy (IO). The impact of CAN use on clinical cancer outcomes remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the clinical effect of CAN use on clinical outcomes among patients with solid malignancies receiving IO.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients with solid malignancies receiving IO between August 2014 and August 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were stratified based on CAN use to CAN users and CAN non-users. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate (DCR). Univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the two groups, adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The records of 106 patients were reviewed, 28 (26%) of whom were CAN users and 78 (74%) were CAN non-users. One patient was excluded. Most CAN users consumed dronabinol (82%). The median follow-up for OS and PFS was 29.2 months. Median OS in the CAN users was 6.7 months compared to 17.3 months in the CAN non-users (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06-2.97; <i>p</i> = 0.029). The median PFS was 4.8 months in the CAN users compared to 9.7 months in the CAN non-users (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.09-2.79; <i>p</i> = 0.021). DCR was 11% among CAN users and 38% among CAN non-users (OR, 0.23; 95% CI; 0.06-0.68; <i>p</i> = 0.007). An exploratory racial disparity analysis showed that this negative impact of CAN was primarily seen in White patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single institutional experience, CAN use was associated with worse OS, PFS, and DCR among cancer patients receiving IO. Prospective trials are needed to further study this potential antagonistic interaction between CAN and IO and explore the racial disparities related to CAN exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"25151355241309095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From setbacks to success: lessons from the journey of RSV vaccine development.","authors":"Victor M Cnossen, Rogier P van Leeuwen, Natalie I Mazur, Charlotte Vernhes, Wouter Ten Voorde, Jacobus Burggraaf, Saco J de Visser, Meta Roestenberg, Ingrid M C Kamerling","doi":"10.1177/25151355241308305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355241308305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes high worldwide infant mortality, as well as a high disease burden in the elderly. Efforts in vaccine development over the past 60 years have recently delivered three approved vaccines and two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Looking back at the eventful history of RSV vaccine development, several factors can be identified that have hampered the developmental pathway, including the occurrence of enhanced RSV disease (ERD) in the first vaccine attempt and the difficulty in characterizing and stabilizing the pre-fusion F protein as a vaccine target. Moreover, the need for large trials to test vaccine efficacy, usually done late in development, and the lack of a correlate of protection (CoP) result in significant uncertainties in RSV vaccine development. The use of controlled human infection models (CHIMs) may provide a solution for some of these problems: through swift, cost-efficient and closely monitored assessment of vaccine safety and efficacy in early clinical phases, vaccines can either 'fail fast' or show results supporting further investments. Moreover, CHIMs facilitate the assessment of disease and could assist in the identification of a CoP supporting late-stage development. Although some factors may affect translatability to real-world vaccine efficacy, CHIMs can support the clinical development pathway in various ways. We advocate for, and demonstrate, a conceptual and rational design of RSV vaccine development. Assessing protective efficacy early on would result in the most cost-efficient pathway and identification of target populations should be done as early as possible. For RSV, elderly individuals and people in low- and middle-income countries are high-impact populations for RSV prevention. While RSV immunization is now available in certain regions, global access is not accomplished yet, and worldwide prevention does not seem within reach. Quick and cost-effective assessments of candidates currently in the pipeline could contribute to future successes in the battle against RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"25151355241308305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}