Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Trends in uptake and impact of thermostable vaccines in Africa.","authors":"Sophia Khalayi Kitui, Evans Juma, Maureen Tayamika Ndalama, Dagmawi Chilot, Dejene Tolossa, Betelhiem Woldemedhin, Seke G Y Muzazu, Kidist Digamo, Job Mungania, Tsegahun Manyazewal","doi":"10.1177/25151355251341662","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251341662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination in Africa faces significant challenges due to inadequate cold chain infrastructure, particularly in regions lacking reliable electricity. Approximately 80% of prequalified vaccines require cold chain systems to maintain their potency, which is often unfeasible in remote areas. Exposure to extreme temperatures can lead to a loss of vaccine potency, making it crucial to explore alternatives. Thermostable vaccines represent a technological advancement that addresses these challenges by eliminating the need for cold chain mechanisms during transport and storage. This narrative review analyzes trends in the uptake of thermostable vaccines and their impact across Africa. A total of 10 studies were reviewed, encompassing 14 African countries, revealing critical insights into the potential of thermostable vaccines to enhance immunization coverage in settings with limited access to traditional cold chain facilities. These vaccines, which maintain their efficacy even when exposed to higher temperatures for short periods, offer a promising solution to the logistical and economic hurdles of vaccine delivery in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251341662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Erum Siddiqui, Mohammad Saad Khan, Maliha Khalid, Harshika Khaim Chandani, Umaimah Naeem, Muhammad Mohsin Khan, Syed Owais Wasti","doi":"10.1177/25151355251344473","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251344473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), is an ancient disease that continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. Although the BCG vaccine, developed in the 1920s, remains the only approved TB vaccine, it has limited efficacy, particularly against pulmonary TB in adults. The ID93/GLA-SE vaccine, a recombinant subunit vaccine, shows promise by triggering immune solid responses and could be a key solution in combating TB, particularly in the face of rising drug-resistant strains and suboptimal current vaccines. It has the potential to address the unmet need for more effective interventions against drug-resistant TB, a growing global health issue that continues to challenge existing treatment options.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive electronic search on PubMed (Medline), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central database was conducted from inception till August 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a target population of BCG-vaccinated healthy adults. This review was conducted according to (PRISMA) criteria and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024601450). This meta-analysis used Review Manager and forest plots for visual display. The outcomes were displayed as risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ID93 + GLA-SE vaccine showed strong immunogenicity, particularly in high doses, with robust IgG responses sustained up to day 421 in all studies, significantly higher than baseline, and seroconversion rates remained high through day 84. CD4 T-cell responses peaked after the third dose and remained elevated through day 421, whereas CD8 T-cell responses were minimal. Regarding adverse effects, the ID93 + GLA-SE vaccine significantly increases fatigue (RR 3.24, <i>p</i> = 0.005), myalgia (RR 5.82, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and injection site pain (RR 4.12, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), compared to placebo, with consistent results across both high and low doses. However, there were no significant differences for upper respiratory tract infections, 0.83 (95% CI 0.38-1.84, <i>p</i> = 0.87) or 1.77 (95% CI 0.77-4.10, <i>p</i> = 0.18) headaches. Dose optimization remains crucial due to the higher side effect risks of increased doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ID93 + GLA-SE vaccine shows a solid safety profile and enhances immune responses, especially IgG and CD4+ T-cell activity, which is crucial for TB defense. Higher doses improve efficacy but increase side effects, highlighting the need for dose optimization. As a potential alternative to the BCG vaccine, especially in drug-resistant TB regions, further research should refine dosage and assess long-term safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251344473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination practices and associated factors among female adolescent students in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2024.","authors":"Tesfay Berhe Teka, Haftom Legese, Tsige Shishay, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, Haftay Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1177/25151355251340205","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251340205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) continues to pose a significant threat to public health, serving as the primary cause of cervical cancer. To address this issue, a vaccine has been developed to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the practice and its associated factors with the uptake of the vaccine have not been well studied in this particular region. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the practice of HPV vaccination and its associated factors among female adolescent students in the Eastern Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024 at primary schools of the Eastern Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia. Data related to HPV vaccination practice and its associated factors were collected from 634 female adolescent primary school students. The collected data were checked for completeness daily, coded, entered, and cleaned using Epinfo version 7.2.3 then exported and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. The corresponding variables with a <i>p</i>-value (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Among the 634 participants, 61.7% received the quadrivalent Gardasil HPV vaccine. Of these, 52.1% (330/634) demonstrated good knowledge, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.931 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.364-2.735) and a <i>p</i>-value < 0.000. Moreover, participants who had a positive attitude toward HPV vaccination, with (AOR = 1.529, 95% CI = 1.049-2.230; <i>p</i>-value < 0.027) and participants who expressed their agreement for taking the HPV vaccine (AOR = 1.816, 95% CI = 1.046-3.152; <i>p</i>-value < 0.034) were factors associated with female adolescent students' practice of the HPV vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The results indicated that the majority of study participants received one dose of the HPV vaccine. The study further reveals several factors associated with HPV vaccination among female adolescent students, including a positive attitude toward the vaccine and good knowledge about its benefits. Health authorities are recommended to promote the HPV vaccine through mass media in schools, religious institutions, and healthcare facilities to increase practice among adolescent females.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251340205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' hesitance to vaccinate their daughters with the human papillomavirus vaccine and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Tegegne Wale Belachew, Begizew Yimenu Mekuriaw, Wassie Yazie Ferede, Dagnaw Mersha Tegegne, Temesgen Dessie Mengistu, Selamawit Girma Tadesse, Yaregal Dessalew Tariku, Fillorenes Ayalew Sisay, Assefa Kebie Mitiku","doi":"10.1177/25151355251337622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355251337622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papillomaviruses are the most common sexually transmitted infections, and persistent infection can lead to cervical cancer. In line with WHO recommendations to prevent cervical cancer, human papillomavirus vaccination is considered mandatory. Despite various challenges influencing decision-making for HPV vaccination, including HPV vaccine hesitancy, efforts are made to promote its uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30 among 400 parents of adolescents. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A structured questionnaire was employed for data collection, and the data were gathered through interviews. Subsequently, the data were entered into EPI data 3.1 statistical software and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The association between variables was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models, and a <i>p</i>-value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 400 participants were included with a response rate of 99.3%. The prevalence of HPV vaccine hesitancy among parents of daughters was 54%. Multivariable logistic regression showed that educational status (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.8, 95% CI: (0.69-0.93)), effectiveness of HPV vaccine (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: (1.14-3.17)), knowledge (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: (0.13-0.75)), and obtained information (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: (2.24-4.29)) were significantly associated with human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that parents' hesitance to vaccinate their daughters with the human papillomavirus vaccine was high. Parents' hesitance to vaccinate their daughters with the human papillomavirus vaccine was strongly associated with the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, obtained information about the HPV vaccine, knowledge, and educational status.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251337622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norovirus outbreaks and the necessity of a future NoV vaccine.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.1177/25151355251335511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355251335511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251335511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12033500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the human papillomavirus vaccination in the Philippines.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.1177/25151355251326783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251326783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251326783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental hesitancy for pediatric COVID-19 vaccines in Chile.","authors":"Daisy Cedillo, María Jesús Godoy, Paula Leal, Rodolfo Villena","doi":"10.1177/25151355251322312","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251322312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the incidence of complications associated with pediatric infection has markedly declined. However, there is a notable decline in vaccination coverage among younger age groups. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with hesitancy to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in parents of children aged 3-15 years in a Latin American context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted between February and May 2023. Parents of children between the ages of 3 and 15, residing in the metropolitan region of Chile, were surveyed via an online or in-person questionnaire. Univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five hundred thirty-nine surveys were completed; 61.6% of parents were aged between 21 and 40 years, 42.3% had completed higher education, 79.4% had paid employment, and 98.1% were fully vaccinated. Age distribution of children was 36.9% for 3-5 years, 42.4% for 6-11 years, and 20.8% for 12-15 years. 87.4% was vaccinated. In the univariate analysis, vaccine hesitancy was observed in 9%, associated mainly with children 3-5 years, fewer doses in parents' vaccination schedule, lacking risk perception and concerns about safety, and not knowing where to access pediatric vaccine formulations against COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, the younger age, lacking risk perception, and concerns about the vaccine's effectiveness were associated with vaccine hesitancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines is of utmost importance. Educational interventions should be implemented to inform parents about the importance and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in children, with special emphasis on parents of younger children, to increase vaccination coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251322312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serious adverse events following immunization and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 vaccination in India: a secondary data analysis of nationwide causality assessments.","authors":"Abin Kulathunkal Rajan, Md Abu Bashar","doi":"10.1177/25151355251321697","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251321697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccines against COVID-19 were viewed as a way out to the ongoing pandemic and were given the emergency use authorization in India to initiate mass vaccination in January 2021. This study aimed to investigate the serious adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) reported for COVID-19 vaccines and to identify predictors of mortality among these cases from India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was conducted on the causality assessment reports for the 2708 serious AEFIs published by the National AEFI Committee under the Immunization Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The analysis included all 21 reports published up until May 2023. The primary outcome variable analyzed was the survival/death status of each AEFI case, with various covariates from the published documents considered in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the serious AEFIs assessed were either coincidental (1220, 45%) or undetermined/unclassifiable (781, 28.8%). The majority of the serious AEFIs were reported among recipients of Covishield (1891, 69.8%) followed by Covaxin (347, 12.8%). Among these, 1114 (42.1%) died while the remaining 1594 (58.9%) were hospitalized and recovered. Systematically, AEFIs involving the cardiovascular system (696, 31.3%) were the most common, followed by those affecting the respiratory system (288, 13%) and neuropsychiatric system (295, 13.3%) which had a significant association with age (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and gender (<i>p</i> < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, females (<i>p</i> = 0.001), younger age groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFIs whose causality was determined and classified (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFI involving gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric system (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AEFIs reported from North and Western India (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and those occurring during the winter season (<i>p</i> < 0.05) had significantly lower odds of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the cohort of serious AEFIs reported, older age, male sex, undetermined or unclassifiable causality classification, and involvement of the cardiovascular system were associated with significantly higher odds of mortality and require close monitoring following vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251321697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis with isolated diaphragmatic involvement in a lung cancer patient: a case report.","authors":"Nefeli Mouratidou, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Iro Vrouvaki, Vasileios Skouras, Stamatis Katsenos","doi":"10.1177/25151355251324374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355251324374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune-related neuromuscular disorders are rare and potentially life-threatening adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in the treatment of cancer. They tend to have a chronic course that usually leads to the permanent discontinuation of immunotherapy. We present a case of pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis that only involved the diaphragm. The patient is a 71-year-old female with a history of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma under maintenance therapy with pemetrexed and pembrolizumab after a complete response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy. She complained of orthopnea since the previous month and was admitted due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. Radiology showed decreased lung volumes and atelectatic areas in both lower lung fields. A subsequent bronchoscopy ruled out infection and cancer recurrence. Pulmonary function tests revealed a mixed disorder with a severe reduction in maximal inspiratory pressure and a large drop in vital capacity in the supine versus the sited position. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm confirmed bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction, and the patient was initiated on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during sleep, which led to symptom relief. A neurological physical examination did not reveal any other muscle involvement. Laboratory tests for myasthenic syndromes showed an elevated titer of the anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, which confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The patient was subsequently treated with corticosteroids, pyridostigmine, and intravenous immunoglobulin and was gradually able to wean off supplemental oxygen. On follow-up, her chest X-ray and spirometry had improved, but she continued sleeping on NIV. Pembrolizumab was stopped, and she is still free of cancer after 9 months. Clinicians treating cancer patients with immunotherapy should be aware of this rare complication and perform timely investigations in any case of orthopnea in the course of ICI therapy to offer specialized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251324374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors.","authors":"Malik Sallam, Kholoud Al-Mahzoum, Zainab Mansour Yousef, Jeelan Saleh Alfouzan, Maryam Jamal Alharbi, Mohammad Khaled Alsubaiei, Mohammed Yahya M Albalwah, Mohammad W Shehadeh, Rawan J Obeidat, Khaled O Yaseen, Doaa H Abdelaziz, Nesreen A Salim, Mohammed Sallam, Muna Barakat","doi":"10.1177/25151355251324384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355251324384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially to hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for the elderly, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the RSV vaccination attitudes to inform public health strategies that can enhance uptake among this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could influence the attitudes toward RSV vaccination among senior citizens in Arab countries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted using a survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis to assess attitudes toward the newly approved RSV vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered online survey was distributed conveniently among senior citizens mainly across five Arab countries. The survey collected data on demographics, vaccination history, and key constructs related to RSV vaccine attitude, including \"Fear,\" \"Information,\" \"Accessibility,\" \"Benefits,\" and \"Conspiracy.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 483 participants were included in the study, with the majority from five Arab countries: Jordan (<i>n</i> = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait (<i>n</i> = 74, 15.3%), Egypt (<i>n</i> = 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia (<i>n</i> = 51, 10.6%), and the UAE (<i>n</i> = 23, 4.8%), alongside participants from other Arab nations (<i>n</i> = 28, 5.8%). Among the respondents, 51.1% (<i>n</i> = 247) expressed acceptance of the RSV vaccine, 22.4% (<i>n</i> = 108) were hesitant, and 26.5% (<i>n</i> = 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits (β = 0.484, <i>p</i> < 0.001), information needs (β = 0.229, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and previous vaccination history (β = 0.087, <i>p</i> = 0.016) as significant positive predictors of vaccine acceptance. Conversely, stronger conspiracy beliefs (β = -0.083, <i>p</i> = 0.035) were associated with vaccine resistance. Fear and accessibility were not significant predictors of vaccine attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings showed that perceived benefits, access to reliable information, previous vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs are essential to promote RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors. These factors are recommended to improve RSV vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"25151355251324384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}