Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 vaccines and role of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the pandemic.","authors":"Charles Yap,&nbsp;Abulhassan Ali,&nbsp;Amogh Prabhakar,&nbsp;Akul Prabhakar,&nbsp;Aman Pal,&nbsp;Ying Yi Lim,&nbsp;Pramath Kakodkar","doi":"10.1177/25151355211059791","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355211059791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid expansion in vaccine research focusing on exploiting the novel discoveries on the pathophysiology, genomics, and molecular biology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although the current preventive measures are primarily socially distancing by maintaining a 1 m distance, it is supplemented using facial masks and other personal hygiene measures. However, the induction of vaccines as primary prevention is crucial to eradicating the disease to attempt restoration to normalcy. This literature review aims to describe the physiology of the vaccines and how the spike protein is used as a target to elicit an antibody-dependent immune response in humans. Furthermore, the overview, dosing strategies, efficacy, and side effects will be discussed for the notable vaccines: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Gamaleya, and SinoVac. In addition, the development of other prominent COVID-19 vaccines will be highlighted alongside the sustainability of the vaccine-mediated immune response and current contraindications. As the research is rapidly expanding, we have looked at the association between pregnancy and COVID-19 vaccinations, in addition to the current reviews on the mixing of vaccines. Finally, the prominent emerging variants of concern are described, and the efficacy of the notable vaccines toward these variants has been summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211059791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/23/10.1177_25151355211059791.PMC8637774.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: first 90 days of experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India.","authors":"Chetak Kadabasal Basavaraja,&nbsp;Juny Sebastian,&nbsp;Mandyam Dhati Ravi,&nbsp;Sheba Baby John","doi":"10.1177/25151355211055833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211055833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 vaccination program was introduced in India on 16 January 2021. The Government-issued fact sheet was the only source of information regarding Adverse Events Following Immunizations (AEFIs) for these vaccines. The objective of this study was to assess the AEFIs reported following COVID-19 vaccination in a tertiary care teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The spontaneous reporting method was used for data collection for a period of 3 months. A data collection form was designed to collect the data from the study population who reported adverse events. Collected data were analyzed and categorized by severity and seriousness. The causality assessment team performed causality assessment of the AEFIs using the World Health Organization's causality assessment algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,656 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered at the study site during the study period, of which 9292 doses were COVISHIELD™ and 2364 doses were COVAXIN™. In all, 445 AEFIs were reported from 269 subjects with an incidence rate of 3.48%. The majority of the subjects with AEFIs belonged to the age group of 18-45 years. Out of the total 445 AEFIs, 418 AEFIs were expected as per the fact sheets, 409 with COVISHIELD™ and 9 with COVAXIN™. Most of the AEFIs [62.02% (<i>n</i> = 276)] were observed at the system organ class of 'General disorders and administration site conditions'. After the causality assessment, out of 433 AEFIs to COVISHIELD^TM vaccine, 94.22% (<i>n</i> = 408) of events were categorized to have 'consistent causal association with immunization'. Out of 12 adverse events following COVAXIN™, 8 (66.66%) events were categorized as 'consistent causal association with immunization'. All of them recovered from their adverse events without any sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spontaneous reporting is one of the cheapest methods that can be used for the reporting of AEFI. This method helps health care professionals to identify rare events and potential signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211055833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/38/10.1177_25151355211055833.PMC8611289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39674464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis after Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Jeremy Mayfield,&nbsp;Sumedha Bandi,&nbsp;Latha Ganti,&nbsp;Jose Rubero","doi":"10.1177/25151355211048418","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355211048418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors of this article report on a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) in anaphylaxis after receiving the Moderna® COVID-19 vaccine. The patient was hypoxic, with diffuse wheezing bilaterally to auscultation, flush skin, swollen face, and the feeling of her throat closing. Anaphylaxis can have wide range of presentation, the key is recognizing the symptoms and treating early. The incidence of anaphylaxis from COVID-19 vaccine is not well documented to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211048418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/0e/10.1177_25151355211048418.PMC8558796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving vaccine-related health literacy in parents: comparison on the readability of CDC Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) and Health and Human Services (HHS) patient-facing vaccine literature.","authors":"Beverley C Millar,&nbsp;John E Moore","doi":"10.1177/25151355211047521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211047521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211047521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/60/10.1177_25151355211047521.PMC8485266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39507124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy in Africa: causes and strategies to the rescue.","authors":"Abdullahi Tunde Aborode,&nbsp;Emmanuel Adebowale Fajemisin,&nbsp;Osmond C Ekwebelem,&nbsp;Christos Tsagkaris,&nbsp;Edeh Abigael Taiwo,&nbsp;Olivier Uwishema,&nbsp;Oluwasola Oluwabusayo Awoniyi,&nbsp;Shoaib Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohammad Yasir Essar,&nbsp;Irem Adanur,&nbsp;Ismaeel Yunusa","doi":"10.1177/25151355211047514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211047514","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Editor,","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211047514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/45/10.1177_25151355211047514.PMC8481750.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39507123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal approaches to vaccinations in the COVID-19 pandemic era.","authors":"Michelle S Lee,&nbsp;Catherina X Pan,&nbsp;Vinod E Nambudiri","doi":"10.1177/25151355211039073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211039073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid vaccine development for the control of the disease. Most vaccinations, including those currently approved for COVID-19 are administered intramuscularly and subcutaneously using hypodermic needles. However, there are several disadvantages including pain and fear of needlesticks, the need for two doses, the need for trained health care professionals for vaccine administration, and barriers to global distribution given the need for cold supply chain. Recently, transdermal techniques have been under investigation for vaccines including COVID-19. Microneedle array technology utilizes multiple microscopic projections from a plate which delivers a vaccine in the form of a patch placed on the skin, allowing for painless antigen delivery with improved immune response. In this review, we discuss challenges of existing vaccines and review the literature on the science behind transdermal vaccines including microneedles, current evidence of application in infectious diseases including COVID-19, and considerations for implementation and global access.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211039073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/75/10.1177_25151355211039073.PMC8384302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39358949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of educational intervention on the best immunization practices among practicing health care professionals in a south Indian city.","authors":"Juny Sebastian,&nbsp;Gurumurthy Parthasarathi,&nbsp;Mandyam Dhati Ravi","doi":"10.1177/25151355211032590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211032590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Maintaining the quality and safety of immunization is as important as the efficacy of vaccines in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) programs. The aim of this study was to determine the problems associated with different stages of vaccine use and to assess the outcome of an educational intervention on safety and quality use of vaccines among health care providers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 2 years at 271 sites in Mysuru, India. The study population was health care professionals (HCPs) involved in immunization and a sample of parents (one per site). A validated questionnaire was used as a study tool. An educational intervention on best immunization practice was conducted for the enrolled HCPs and the impact of the educational intervention was assessed using the study tool after 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of the study population was 594 (323 HCPs and 271 parents). Of these, 41.49% were working at community health care facility and 33.13% were enrolled from primary care centers. There were statistically significant improvements in post interventional assessment of all stages of the immunization process including storage (<i>p</i> -0.001), transportation (<i>p</i> -0.001), administration (<i>p</i> 0.001), monitoring and reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) (<i>p</i> -0.001), knowledge of AEFIs (<i>p</i> 0.001), and HCP-parent communication (<i>p</i> 0.001). AEFI reporting improved by 30% in the post education phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuous education and motivation can result in positive behavioral changes on best immunization practices amongst HCPs involved in immunization, which may help to improve and maintain the safety and quality use of vaccines in immunization centers irrespective of the type of facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211032590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25151355211032590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39309834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant women's hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study.","authors":"George Uchenna Eleje, Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Ayyuba Rabiu, Olabisi Morebise Loto, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman, Preye Owen Fiebai, Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu, Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu, Chike Henry Nwankwo, Stephen Okoroafor Kalu, Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu, Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam Ogbuagu, Shirley Nneka Chukwurah, Chinwe Elizabeth Uzochukwu, Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi, Bukola Abimbola Adesoji, Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye, Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje, Richard Obinwanne Egeonu, Odion Emmanuel Igue, Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku, Prince Ogbonnia Aja, Chiamaka Perpetua Chidozie, Hadiza Sani Ibrahim, Fatima Ele Aliyu, Aisha Ismaila Numan, Ogbonna Dennis Okoro, Solace Amechi Omoruyi, Ijeoma Chioma Oppah, Ubong Inyang Anyang, Aishat Ahmed, Osita Samuel Umeononihu, Eric Okechukwu Umeh, Ekene Agatha Emeka, Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, Emeka Philip Igbodike, Ifeoma Clara Ajuba, Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai, Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu","doi":"10.1177/25151355211032595","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25151355211032595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when <i>p</i>-value was < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 159 pregnant women who completed the interview questions, 21 [13.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-18.5%] were vaccinated for hepatitis B for one to three doses. The numbers of doses received were: three doses (8/159, 5.0%), two doses (5/159, 3.1%), and one dose (8/159, 5.0%). The reasons for non-uptake of vaccination included: lack of awareness of the vaccine 83/138 (60.1%), inadequate access to vaccine 11/138 (8.0%), and positivity to hepatitis B virus 10/138 (7.2%). The uptake of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly affected by the level of education (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.08-1.01, <i>p</i> = 0.041), but in multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between hepatitis B vaccination and participants' level of education (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 0.95-10.16; <i>p</i> = 0.061) did not remain significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Nigeria, the national hepatitis B vaccination coverage among pregnant women appears poor, with the full-dose coverage even poorer. The level of education was not positively associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccination, while lack of awareness of the vaccine was the commonest reason for non-uptake.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>TETFund National Research Fund 2019 (grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211032595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/a3/10.1177_25151355211032595.PMC8327013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39309836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating CAR T cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.","authors":"Jane K Mills,&nbsp;Melissa A Henderson,&nbsp;Lauren Giuffrida,&nbsp;Pasquale Petrone,&nbsp;Jennifer A Westwood,&nbsp;Phillip K Darcy,&nbsp;Paul J Neeson,&nbsp;Michael H Kershaw,&nbsp;David E Gyorki","doi":"10.1177/25151355211017119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211017119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated promising, though limited, efficacy against melanoma. <b>Methods:</b> We designed a model system to explore the efficacy of dual specific T cells derived from melanoma patient TILs by transduction with a Her2-specific CAR. <b>Results:</b> Metastatic melanoma cells in our biobank constitutively expressed Her2 antigen. CAR-TIL produced greater amounts of IFN compared with parental TIL, when co-cultured with Her2 expressing tumor lines, including autologous melanoma tumor lines, although no consistent increase in cytotoxicity by TIL was afforded by expression of a CAR. Results of an <i>in vivo</i> study in NSG mice demonstrated tumor shrinkage when CAR-TILs were used in an adoptive cell therapy protocol. <b>Conclusion:</b> Potential limitations of transduced TIL in our study included limited proliferative potential and a terminally differentiated phenotype, which would need addressing in further work before consideration of clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211017119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25151355211017119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39098380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?","authors":"Abdoulreza Esteghamati,&nbsp;Shirin Sayyahfar,&nbsp;Yousef Alimohamadi,&nbsp;Sarvenaz Salahi,&nbsp;Mahmood Faramarzi","doi":"10.1177/25151355211015842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211015842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women's childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti-<i>Bordetella pertussis</i> antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018-2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against <i>B. pertussis</i> were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14-45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14-19 and 30-34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30-34 and 35-39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30-34 and 35-39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20-24 and 25-29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, <i>p</i> = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":33285,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"25151355211015842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25151355211015842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39093026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}