EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Metode Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab 学习阿拉伯语的方法
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i1.2869
M. Syahril, Puput Nurshafnita, Fauziah Nasution
{"title":"Metode Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab","authors":"M. Syahril, Puput Nurshafnita, Fauziah Nasution","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i1.2869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i1.2869","url":null,"abstract":"Students of Arabic are those whose native language is not Arabic and who have been taught the language in schools. There are those who believe that Arabic is a challenging topic. The implementation of strategy and techniques for learning Arabic is carried out so that participants' pupils can acquire knowledge and information in a manner that is both more effective and efficient. When learning is going to be carried out, several teaching and learning strategies need to be created and put into action. Utilization of various approaches and procedures Learning Arabic in an effective and efficient manner will lead to optimum information retention, which will ultimately result in an improvement in the language's overall learning quality. When formulating a plan, several aspects of the plan need to be given careful consideration. These aspects include preparatory learning activities, the transmission of information, student participation, assessments, and advanced activities. The selection of learning strategies is determined based on strategic orientation criteria on learning tasks, their relevance with learning materials, methods and techniques that can focus on the goals to be achieved, and learning media that can stimulate the senses of students. This selection process takes place. Learning Arabic can be accomplished by a variety of methods, the most common of which are the grammatical way of translation, the direct method, the method reading, the audiolingual method, and the eclectic method. \u0000 Key words: Method, Learning Arabic","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134240828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Konsep Globalisasi Dalam Buku Pelajaran PKN di MI/SD 全球化的概念在MI/SD PKN教科书
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3165
Abdulgani Jamora Nasution, Meilyani Meilyani, Nopita Ramadhani, L. Siregar
{"title":"Konsep Globalisasi Dalam Buku Pelajaran PKN di MI/SD","authors":"Abdulgani Jamora Nasution, Meilyani Meilyani, Nopita Ramadhani, L. Siregar","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3165","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Globalization consists of several types, including political globalization, economic globalization, socio-cultural globalization, educational globalization, technological globalization, information and communication globalization and finally legal globalization. The existence of globalization results in all events, both in the economic, political, and socio-cultural fields that occur in one part of the world. The globalization of education is very influential in education in Indonesia, therefore, as citizens and students, they must be good at sorting out the influences of globalization that are coming. Because not all of the influences of globalization have a positive impact, of course there are also negative impacts. And at the elementary school (SD) education level, globalization is one of the subject matter that is studied and is found in Civics subjects at school. \u0000Keywords: Concept, Globalization, PKN","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"57 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116814379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Menyebabkan Ketidakdisiplinan Siswa di SD 058101 Sumber Jaya 分析导致Jaya SD 058101不守纪律的因素
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3257
Wahyu Adinda Wardani Lestari, Putri Nabillah, Nazmi Ayunestia Widyati, Bella Tricahayu, Nahdatul Amna
{"title":"Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Menyebabkan Ketidakdisiplinan Siswa di SD 058101 Sumber Jaya","authors":"Wahyu Adinda Wardani Lestari, Putri Nabillah, Nazmi Ayunestia Widyati, Bella Tricahayu, Nahdatul Amna","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Discipline is something that is integrated within a person and even discipline is something that is integrated into human life that appears in daily behavior patterns both in the family, school and community. This study aims to describe the factors that cause low student discipline and the obstacles experienced in disciplining students of SDN 058101 Sumber Jaya, research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were students of SDN 058101 Sumber Jaya. The object of research is the factors that cause low student discipline. Collecting data by observation, interviews, documentation. It can be concluded that the various forms are diverse. The most frequent violations committed by students are regarding the indiscipline of students who arrive late, do not complete assignments on time, do not pay attention to lessons, take out the trash on time and are not dressed neatly. Then there are several factors that cause student indiscipline, namely internal factors where internal factors are factors that come from within the student himself and external factors, which are factors that come from outside the student's self, for example the influence of the surroundingenvironment. \u0000 Keywords: discipline, factors causing, student, SDN 058101 Sumber jaya","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP)  untuk Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Binjai
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3191
Arlina Arlina, Delvi Sanjuwatma, Nur Awaliyah Afrinda Sari, Juan Adji Rizki
{"title":"Analisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP)  untuk Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Binjai","authors":"Arlina Arlina, Delvi Sanjuwatma, Nur Awaliyah Afrinda Sari, Juan Adji Rizki","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3191","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000The problems faced by teachers in developing lesson plans are that they have not been equipped with KI-1 and KI-2 on indicators and teachers have not revised several lesson plans according to Permendikbud Number 103 of 2014. Therefore this study aims to (1) describe teachers' opinions regarding lesson plans for curriculum implementation 2013, (2) describes the suitability of the contents of lesson plans developed by teachers with the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, (3) describes the constraints faced by teachers in developing lesson plans for implementing the 2013 curriculum, and (4) describes the efforts made by teachers in overcoming problems in developing RPP for implementing the 2013 curriculum. This type of research is descriptive research. The subjects in this study were 3 low grade teachers. Data collection methods used in this study, namely questionnaires, observations and interviews. The collected data was processed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that (1) the teacher's opinion regarding lesson plans (2) the suitability of the content of lesson plans developed by teachers with the implementation of the 2013 curriculum (3) the obstacles faced by teachers in developing lesson plans were that teachers had difficulty designing learning steps in core activities because they were too much guided to observing, and (4) teacher problems in developing lesson plans can be overcome by filling oneself in by adding insight through workshop activities related to the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, being responsive to information and often sharing information related to the 2013 curriculum with other teachers and with the school principal. \u0000Keywords: RPP, curriculum 2013","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114850674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran pada Mata Pelajaran PKN di SDN 106222 Tebing Tinggi
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i1.3151
Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution, Mirayanti Mirayanti, Ummi Khairiah Hasibuan, Mazidatul Adawiyah
{"title":"Implementasi Model Pembelajaran pada Mata Pelajaran PKN di SDN 106222 Tebing Tinggi","authors":"Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution, Mirayanti Mirayanti, Ummi Khairiah Hasibuan, Mazidatul Adawiyah","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i1.3151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i1.3151","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Assessment is essentially a process of making decisions about the success of students, whether students are declared successful or fail in mastering a particular skill. Assessment and evaluation have similarities and differences. The similarity is that both have the meaning of assessing or determining the value of something. The difference is that assessment is used in a narrower context and is usually carried out internally, for example, like a teacher assessing student learning outcomes. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. Qualitative method is a type of research that aims to comprehensively understand the phenomena experienced by the object of research, such as behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc., through a special natural context. through specific natural contexts, and descriptions in scientific language and methods. This research results that first, is where the learning evaluation must be well planned, namely by determining and conveying the time for carrying out the learning evaluation. Second, the implementation of learning evaluation which is the execution step of the evaluation plan that was previously made. And, the last is the third stage which is no less important, whereas this is rarely carried out by other teachers in general, namely the analysis of the results of the PKN learning evaluation. \u0000Keywords: Evaluation, Learning, PKN","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126656597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analisis Inovasi Pembelajaran PKN di MI/SD MI/SD PKN创新学习分析
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3166
Abdulgani Jamora Nasution, Efrina Mora, Laila Iklimah Panjaitan, Lutfiah Hanny
{"title":"Analisis Inovasi Pembelajaran PKN di MI/SD","authors":"Abdulgani Jamora Nasution, Efrina Mora, Laila Iklimah Panjaitan, Lutfiah Hanny","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3166","url":null,"abstract":"Citizenship education given to elementary schools is currently based on the current 2013 curriculum. The nomenclature of subjects developed is Pancasila Education and Citizenship. Minister of Education and Culture No. 37 of 2018 is a change from Permendikbud No 24 of 2016 which contains content (core competencies and basic competencies) developed in primary and secondary education. This study used the literature review research method, in which literature review research is the result of analyzing various conceptual information as well as qualitative and quantitative data from various previously published scientific articles. This research resulted that PPKN Learning Innovation in Era 4.0 can be interpreted as a new effort in the learning process by using various approaches, models or methods, facilities, and a learning atmosphere that supports the achievement of learning objectives. \u0000Keywords: Innovation, Learning, PKN","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134364105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problem-Solving Dalam Pendidikan Islam
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3248
Arlina Arlina, Miftahul Jannah Ira, Rini Nurwana Saragih, Fadhila Khairani, Mardih Putri Jerohmi
{"title":"Problem-Solving Dalam Pendidikan Islam","authors":"Arlina Arlina, Miftahul Jannah Ira, Rini Nurwana Saragih, Fadhila Khairani, Mardih Putri Jerohmi","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3248","url":null,"abstract":"Thinking is an activity that cannot be separated from humans, as well as being the most substantial differentiator between humans and other creatures. This study aimed to analyze thinking and problem-solving in Islamic education. From this research, it is hoped that a concept will be born that can be used to solve the problems of Islamic education. The focus of this study discusses the thought process, problem-solving and the factors that influence it as well as the steps of problem-solving. This focus will be fully directed in the context of Islamic education. This research uses literature study techniques using primary sources in the form of authoritative books and journals. The results of this study showed that in the context of Islamic education, it was well realized that there were many problems that cause the lagging of Islamic educational institutions. It was very important to think of the right way to get out of the problem immediately by using the right problem-solving principle. In addition, the managers of educational institutions must work together and seriously implement the principles of Islamic teachings as a solution to answer these problems. \u0000 Keywords: Thinking, Problem Solving, Islamic Education","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128805233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Profesionalisme Guru Dalam Pembelajaran PKN di SD Al-Mukmin Medan 教师在Al-Mukmin Medan PKN学习的专业精神
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i1.3152
Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution, Fitri Kholilah Nasution, M. Husna,  Nisa Amelia Purba
{"title":"Profesionalisme Guru Dalam Pembelajaran PKN di SD Al-Mukmin Medan","authors":"Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution, Fitri Kholilah Nasution, M. Husna,  Nisa Amelia Purba","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i1.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i1.3152","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how the professionalism of teachers in PKN learning at SD Al-Mukmin Medan. The existence of professional and competent teachers is a non-negotiable necessity to facilitate the achievement of learning demands and goals in schools. Professional teachers will be able to reflect their teacher's figure with broad insight and have a number of competencies that support their duties. This research was conducted at Al-Mukmin Elementary School in Medan which is located on Jalan Benteng Hilir, Tembung, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. Held for 1 day. This research is categorized as a qualitative descriptive research that applies research steps that produce descriptive data in the form of written words. The results of the study show that teacher professionalism in PKN learning is teacher professionalism in PKN learning is that teachers read books about education, read and write scientific papers, follow actual news from the media, attend training, attend KKG, teachers conduct classroom action research, teachers are also active in organizations . \u0000Keywords: Teacher Professionalism, Internship Learning in Elementary School.","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126068232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Perendaman Larutan Teh Hijau terhadap Perkembangan Embrio Ikan Patin 绿茶浸泡对鲶鱼胚胎发育的影响
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i1.2765
Eka Wahyu Putr M Ritonga, Amanda Nurul Aisyah Naibaho, Febri Ramadhani Hasibuan
{"title":"Pengaruh Perendaman Larutan Teh Hijau terhadap Perkembangan Embrio Ikan Patin","authors":"Eka Wahyu Putr M Ritonga, Amanda Nurul Aisyah Naibaho, Febri Ramadhani Hasibuan","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i1.2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i1.2765","url":null,"abstract":"Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) is a freshwater fish species that has the potential to be cultivated because it has good reproductive performance, one of which is high fecundity. However, catfish eggs are sticky (adhesive) which causes the eggs to stick together so they cannot be fertilized optimally. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains tannins which can reduce the stickiness of eggs. The long soaking process will affect the development of catfish egg embryos because it is suspected that green tea which has a certain threshold can turn into poison because the accumulated dose and time can become poison due to the chemical reactions it causes. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to examine the effect of soaking time in green tea solution on reducing the stickiness of eggs. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time in green tea solution (Camellia sinensis) on the development of catfish embryos and the best time. The observed data is the process of embryology. The results showed that maximum egg development was obtained in Treatment A, namely development up to the organogenesis phase. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the soaking time of green tea solution on catfish eggs has a significant effect on embryo development. \u0000Keywords: The catfish (Pangasius pangasius), The green (Camellia sinensis), Embryonic development","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130788703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 伊斯兰教和圣训学习的孵化策略的实施
EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.47467/edui.v3i2.3289
Arlina Arlina, M. R. Ramadhan, Fitra Khairon, Nur Hasanah, Khoirunnisa Simanungkalit
{"title":"Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an dan Hadis","authors":"Arlina Arlina, M. R. Ramadhan, Fitra Khairon, Nur Hasanah, Khoirunnisa Simanungkalit","doi":"10.47467/edui.v3i2.3289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i2.3289","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Learning strategies are very important for an educator to use when teaching. The use of learning strategies should be a part that must get the attention of educators / facilitators in every learning activity. Therefore, educators need to learn and even develop how to set learning strategies in order to effectively achieve learning objectives in the teaching and learning process in the classroom, one of which is the application of appropriate learning strategies.This study uses a qualitative method in the form of descriptive. Data collection methods include interview, observation and documentation methods. Researchers acting as participants and informants of this study were the Head of Curriculum, Al-Quran Hadith teacher, and several seventh grade students. For the sample technique using purposive sampling.The validity of the data is done by triangulation of sources. For data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing/verification. Based on the results of interviews and observations that have been made by the researcher, it was found data stating that the application of the inquiry learning strategy includes lesson planning, implementation of learning strategies consisting of observation, formulating problems, analyzing hypotheses, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The last stage is the closing and evaluation stage. In addition, it was also found that there was a process of compiling problems using the question and answer method and when delivering conclusions using the lecture method. \u0000Keywords: Inquiry Learning Strategy, Quranic Learning Hadith","PeriodicalId":332838,"journal":{"name":"EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信