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Communications and Navigation Techniques of Interplanetary Travel 星际旅行的通信和导航技术
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201556
P. Castruccio
{"title":"Communications and Navigation Techniques of Interplanetary Travel","authors":"P. Castruccio","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201556","url":null,"abstract":"Radio and radar techniques will aid future space travelers in at least three major fields: navigation, communications, and collision warning. In space the basic limitation to any navigational or communications system is the achievable range. Presentday techniques are capable of providing point-to-point beamed coverage of the entire solar system, but they are inadequate for omnidirectional coverage even to the nearest planet. Sufficient advances in the state of the art by 1975 are foreseen to insure omnidirectional coverage within the orbit of Jupiter. Communications to the nearest stars appear impossible even with anticipated 1975 techniques, and radar warning systems against meteors appear impractical.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125605173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Infrared Navigation Systems 红外导航系统
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201557
J. Mclucas
{"title":"Infrared Navigation Systems","authors":"J. Mclucas","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128850311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Principles and Performance Analysis of Doppler Navigation Systems 多普勒导航系统原理与性能分析
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201552
W. R. Fried
{"title":"Principles and Performance Analysis of Doppler Navigation Systems","authors":"W. R. Fried","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201552","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental concepts of a Doppler navigation system are described. The theory of operation, design considerations, performance characteristics, and limitations of a Doppler radar are discussed along with the basic principles and major characteristics of navigational computers and heading references. The over-all performance characteristics of a Doppler navigation system and their dependence on the various characteristics of its major components are analyzed. It is shown that the over-all system accuracy of a Doppler system is a function of the accuracies of all three major components of the system-the Doppler radar, the computer, and the heading reference. Thus, the over-all system accuracy is shown to be no better than that of its weakest link. In most current systems, it is the heading reference error which swamps the other errors in the system. The performance capabilities of typical modern Doppler navigation systems are outlined. Such systems are shown to provide information on ground speed, drift angle, present position, and course and distance to destination. Complete Doppler navigation systems have been or being built which will produce maximum (95 per cent probability) position errors of less than 1.5 per cent of distance traveled over land and average sea state (neglecting unknown water motion effects). The maximum position error over water of any sea state is likely to be less than 2 per cent of distance traveled. Over-all position errors in per cent of distance traveled tend to decrease with distance.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131715978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Basic Design Considerations--Automatic Navigator AN/APN-67 基本设计考虑-自动导航AN/APN-67
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201553
M. Condie
{"title":"Basic Design Considerations--Automatic Navigator AN/APN-67","authors":"M. Condie","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201553","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the considerations involved in the design of the Automatic Navigator, AN/APN-67, are presented along with a description and photographs of the equipment design selected. Characteristics of the Doppler signal are also described. The microwave part of the system utilizes two continuous-wave pencil beams generated by a klystron transmitter and a single fixed mounted, space duplexed antenna with offset antenna feeds. The Doppler data are stabilized by use of computing elements and vertical reference data. Advantages of this design relative to other alternatives are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125929295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The AN/ASN-9: A Compact, Minimum-Weight DR Navigational Computer AN/ASN-9:一种紧凑、重量最小的DR导航计算机
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201555
J. J. Insalaco, F. M. Kirr
{"title":"The AN/ASN-9: A Compact, Minimum-Weight DR Navigational Computer","authors":"J. J. Insalaco, F. M. Kirr","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201555","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the AN/ASN-9-a miniaturized, dead-reckoning navigational computer. The design premises which allow its size reduction are explained; problem solution equations are given; and system functional diagrams are presented. Some of the techniques employed in achieving its small size are described, as are certain areas of its application.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127667246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The AN/APN-81 Doppler Navigation System AN/APN-81多普勒导航系统
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201554
Frank A. McMahon
{"title":"The AN/APN-81 Doppler Navigation System","authors":"Frank A. McMahon","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201554","url":null,"abstract":"The AN/APN-81 is a self-contained Doppler navigation system which accurately determines ground speed and drift angle independently of ground aids. This paper explains the techniques employed in the measurement of ground speed and drift angle. The beam pattern is described and major system parameters are given. In block diagram form, the functions of the transmitter and receiver, the frequency tracker, and the wind computer are explained. Accuracies of measurement and some specific applications of the equipment are given.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114780716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Transistor Marker Beacon Receiver 晶体管标记信标接收机
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201538
R. Erdmann
{"title":"A Transistor Marker Beacon Receiver","authors":"R. Erdmann","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201538","url":null,"abstract":"Junction transistors and diodes are used to replace tubes and relays in a newly designed one-light marker beacon receiver. Ten transistors and three diodes are combined in a dual conversion superheterodyne receiver circuit which draws less than one watt of power and which has a sensitivity of 500 μv. Pass-band selectivity is 80 kc minimum at the 6-db down points and less than 300 kc at the 60-db down points. Dual conversion is used to transform the radio frequencies to a low IF for stable receiver gain. A three-light adapter has been developed utilizing seven junction transistors, two diodes, and miniature LC filters. The unit is the same size and weight as the one-light receiver. The weight of the entire three-light system is less than two pounds. The total current drain, from a 27.5-volt direct current supply, is less than 80 ma. A printed circuit board in a wrap-around case mounts most of the components in a design that withstands shock and vibration without the use of a shock mount.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126451110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nature of Doppler Velocity Measurement 多普勒测速的性质
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201534
F. B. Berger
{"title":"The Nature of Doppler Velocity Measurement","authors":"F. B. Berger","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201534","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with airborne Doppler velocity measuring systems. In particular, it deals with the character and limitations of the velocity data provided by such systems. The Doppler effect is discussed and quantitative expressions for the frequency shift are derived. The relationship between the Doppler shift and aircraft velocity is such as to show that the fundamental capability of a Doppler system is the measurement, in the coordinate system of the aircraft, of one component of aircraft velocity for each beam of radiation employed. Certain effects of beam geometry on the measured velocity components are demonstrated quantitatively. The earth's surface as a medium for producing a radar return signal can be regarded as being constituted of a multitude of randomly situated scattering centers. The consequences of this as it bears on the nature and properties of the return signal are discussed. It is shown that the signal is noiselike and has a spectrum which is centered at a Doppler shifted frequency and which has an appreciable bandwidth. Outlines of theoretical methods for calculating the signal spectrum from a knowledge of antenna directional characteristics and other system and operational parameters are presented. It is shown that the frequency of the Doppler signal cannot be measured without error in a finite time.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115839629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
Coding Requirements for the ATC Radar Beacon System ATC雷达信标系统编码要求
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201537
T. Vickers
{"title":"Coding Requirements for the ATC Radar Beacon System","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201537","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the experience gained during two years of simulation and flight testing of the air traffic control (atc) radar beacon system, this paper outlines the desired functional characteristics of an expanded beacon system for air traffic control and explains the operational factors involved. The expanded system would utilize recent developments in altitude transducers and multichannel activereadout decoding techniques, to provide the air traffic controller with a filtered display incorporating a positive cross reference between aircraft position, identification, and altitude data.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Application of the Decca Navigation System as an Approach and Landing Aid 台卡导航系统在助进助降中的应用
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1957-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201535
H. W. Mitchell
{"title":"Application of the Decca Navigation System as an Approach and Landing Aid","authors":"H. W. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1957.4201535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a report on a joint Bell-Bendix-Decca program to investigate the problems of flying a helicopter in remote areas under instrument flight conditions with presently available machines, the Decca navigator system, and other sensory equipment. The approach and transition phase to a remote landing spot under instrument conditions was of particular interest and present information displays were found to be unsuitable. During the development program a system was built, tested, and demonstrated that would allow complete instrument flight, including precise navigation along any desired flight path and ils type approaches to any desired landing spot in an area covered by the Decca navigation system. The program results clearly indicated that: 1) Flight in remote areas under zero-zero conditions is possible today. 2) The Decca navigation system is an excellent navigation, approach, and landing aid for helicopter instrument flight. 3) Unsatisfactory information displays are most responsible for the limited helicopter instrument flight operations possible today. Research programs to develop integrated displays must be continued.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127321314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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