多普勒导航系统原理与性能分析

W. R. Fried
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引用次数: 31

摘要

介绍了多普勒导航系统的基本概念。讨论了多普勒雷达的工作原理、设计考虑、性能特点和局限性,以及导航计算机和航向参考的基本原理和主要特点。分析了多普勒导航系统的总体性能特征及其与各主要部件各特性的依赖关系。结果表明,多普勒系统的总体系统精度是该系统所有三个主要组成部分——多普勒雷达、计算机和航向基准的精度的函数。由此可见,系统的总体精度并不比其最薄弱环节的精度好。在目前的大多数系统中,是航向参考误差压倒了系统中的其他误差。概述了典型的现代多普勒导航系统的性能。这样的系统可以提供地面速度、漂移角、当前位置、航向和到目的地的距离等信息。完整的多普勒导航系统已经或正在建造,其最大(95%的概率)定位误差小于陆地和平均海况行驶距离的1.5%(忽略未知的水运动影响)。在任何海况下,在水面上的最大位置误差可能小于航行距离的2%。总体位置误差占行驶距离的百分比随着距离的增加而减小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Principles and Performance Analysis of Doppler Navigation Systems
The fundamental concepts of a Doppler navigation system are described. The theory of operation, design considerations, performance characteristics, and limitations of a Doppler radar are discussed along with the basic principles and major characteristics of navigational computers and heading references. The over-all performance characteristics of a Doppler navigation system and their dependence on the various characteristics of its major components are analyzed. It is shown that the over-all system accuracy of a Doppler system is a function of the accuracies of all three major components of the system-the Doppler radar, the computer, and the heading reference. Thus, the over-all system accuracy is shown to be no better than that of its weakest link. In most current systems, it is the heading reference error which swamps the other errors in the system. The performance capabilities of typical modern Doppler navigation systems are outlined. Such systems are shown to provide information on ground speed, drift angle, present position, and course and distance to destination. Complete Doppler navigation systems have been or being built which will produce maximum (95 per cent probability) position errors of less than 1.5 per cent of distance traveled over land and average sea state (neglecting unknown water motion effects). The maximum position error over water of any sea state is likely to be less than 2 per cent of distance traveled. Over-all position errors in per cent of distance traveled tend to decrease with distance.
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