Intermetallics最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing corrosion resistance of non-equiatomic FeNiCoCr high-entropy alloys via metalloid Si alloying","authors":"Pengfei Wu ,&nbsp;Dingshun Yan ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of a Si-containing high strength and ductile non-equiatomic Fe₃₀Ni₂₀Co₂₀Cr₂₀Si₁₀ high-entropy alloy (HEA) with a single-phase solid solution structure in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Compared to Si-free Fe₂₀Ni₂₀Co₂₀Cr₂₀Mn₂₀ and Fe₄₀Ni₂₀Co₂₀Cr₂₀ HEAs with identical Cr contents, the present HEA alloyed with metalloid Si shows prominent corrosion resistance with a significantly higher positive breakdown potential (∼1 V_SCE) and a lower current density (∼7.62 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm²). The elevated corrosion resistance is attributed to the reinforced stability of the passive film with modulated compositions by alloying of metalloid Si and elimination of Mn. The alloying of Si triggers the formation of (Fe, Cr)-mixed silicate in the passive film, yielding a high stability. In contrast, the presence of Mn oxides in the passive film of Fe₂₀Ni₂₀Co₂₀Cr₂₀Mn₂₀ degrades the anti-corrosion performance. These insights are useful for guiding the further development of strong and ductile alloys with superior anti-corrosion performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature dependence on ripening and spalling of interfacial (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 compound at SnAgCu(Ni)/Ni(P) interface","authors":"Ya-Hui Hsu,&nbsp;Shao-An Pan,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Su,&nbsp;Chin-Li Lin,&nbsp;Heng-Chen Hsieh,&nbsp;Albert T. Wu,&nbsp;Cheng-Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the in situ Cu and Ni contents in the molten SnCuAg(Ni) solder reflowed on Ni(P) were calculated against the reflowing time at 250 °C, 265 °C, and 280 °C. The phases and morphology of the interfacial compound forming at the SnAgCu(Ni)/Ni(P) reaction interface were also determined with time and temperature. The phases corresponding to the present determined Cu, Ni, and Sn composition in the reported Cu–Sn–Ni ternary phase diagram at 250 °C did not match the interfacial (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound formed in the 250 °C case. Thus, the reported Cu–Sn–Ni ternary phase diagram at 250 °C was modified to fit the present experimental results. At 250 °C, ripening occurred on the interfacial (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains and eventually caused them to spall from the interface. For the 265 °C case, the faster ripening caused the earlier formation of valleys and small spacing between the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains after a 10-s reflowing. After a 20-s reflowing, the needle-shaped (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄ compound phase began to form at the valley sites of the interfacial (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound layer, which hindered the spalling of the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains. After a 40-s reflowing, (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains remained attached and mixed with the (Ni, Cu)₃Sn₄ compound. For the 280 °C case, we believe that the ripening of the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains quickly occurred (within seconds). Hence, the needle-shaped (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄ compound largely formed between (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains in the 10-s reflowing. After a prolonged 40-s reflowing, the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ compound grains completely spalled off from the interface and the needle-shaped (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄ compound covered and dominated the entire reaction interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron-induced microstructure evolution and related wear behavior in NbMoTaWBx high-entropy alloys and composites at room and elevated temperatures","authors":"Lijun Wang ,&nbsp;Lulu Guo ,&nbsp;Huicong Chen ,&nbsp;Chenwei Shao ,&nbsp;Zhaoying Ding ,&nbsp;Hyun Suk Choi ,&nbsp;Maxx Yao ,&nbsp;Yu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) such as NbMoTaW exhibit potential for wear-resistant applications due to their high hardness and thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The addition of boron (B) may lead to a transformation from RHEAs into refractory high entropy composites (RHECs) due to the formation of hard boride phases. This transition is anticipated to significantly increase the hardness and wear resistance over a large temperature range. In this study, we investigate the impact of boride reinforcements on the microstructure and wear performance of the NbMoTaWB_x (x = 0–2) at room and elevated temperatures up to 600 °C. The results show the following: (i) The microstructure evolves from a dendritic microstructure to a complex microstructure with eutectic phase, dispersed body-centered cubic (BCC) particles and boride phases, showing the transition from RHEAs to RHECs; (ii) At room temperature, the wear rate decreases with increasing boron content, with abrasive wear as the primary mode and oxidation wear as minor contribution; (iii) At 600 °C, the wear rate increases with increasing boron content, and the dominant wear mode is oxidation-abrasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of an intermetallic powder with a hard magnetic phase τ-MnAl by calcium thermal reduction","authors":"Adit Sharma ,&nbsp;M.V. Gorshenkov ,&nbsp;S.N. Yudin ,&nbsp;T.A. Morozova ,&nbsp;E.R. Khusainova ,&nbsp;N.M. Vazhinskii ,&nbsp;K.S. Nechaev ,&nbsp;J.C. Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synthesis parameters of MnAl(C) powders using the calcium-thermal reduction of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and manganese oxide (MnO), aiming to produce Mn-Al alloys within the compositional range of the metastable hard magnetic phase (τ-MnAl). Pure graphite was used as the carbon source for the alloying. This study explored the impact of Al₂O₃/MnO ratio, CaH₂ content, and compaction method. Hydrothermal purification with acetic acid yielded irregularly shaped Mn-Al powders (20–50 μm). Analysis of the Mn/Al compositions indicated that a 50–100 % excess of the initial aluminum was needed to obtain an alloy composition laying within τ-MnAl phase. The powder obtained in air-cooled container had small τ-phase content. Approximately 50 % τ-MnAl was achieved by conducting the reaction in pre-evacuated steel containers at 1250 °C for 2 h, followed by water quenching from 950 °C. This resulted in a low-cost powder with a magnetization of 50 A m²/kg and a coercive force of 38 A/m. While the formation of the τ-phase is promising, its limited fraction (≈50 %) significantly reduces the magnetic performance. This currently makes the material unsuitable for additive manufacturing or mechanical grinding followed by compaction. Further optimization is required to increase the τ-phase fraction before considering practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase discretization induced nonlinear corrosion response mechanism of Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high-entropy alloys prepared by laser cladding","authors":"Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhihui Cai ,&nbsp;Wenjian Zheng ,&nbsp;Baoyun Ma ,&nbsp;Zhibin Shen ,&nbsp;Yifei Zheng ,&nbsp;Daochen Feng ,&nbsp;Yinghe Ma ,&nbsp;Jianguo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed cable-type welding wire laser cladding (CTWW-LC) technology to fabricate Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings with different dilution rates, systematically investigating the influence mechanism of the dual-phase (BCC/FCC) structure on corrosion behavior. Through microstructural characterization, electrochemical testing, and analysis of the passive film composition, the quantitative regulatory laws of phase spacing and phase proportion on corrosion properties were revealed. The results indicate that in the areas where the two phases are very close to each other, the difference in the potentials of the two phases can cause significant local corrosion of the BCC phase. Moreover, the proportion of the FCC phase exhibits a threshold effect: when it is below about 16.58 %, isolated FCC lamellae trigger a “cathodic discretization” effect, accelerating the dissolution of the BCC matrix and increasing the corrosion current density to 8.874 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm². However, as the proportion of the FCC phase increases, the corrosion resistance gradually recovers due to the enhanced continuity of the dual-phase structure. This study reveals the quantitative mechanisms of phase interface effect and nonlinear response of phase proportion in dual-phase HEAs, providing a theoretical basis for the compositional design and process optimization of high-entropy alloy coatings in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of γ/α2 phase and interface on the wear of biphasic titanium-aluminum alloys under lateral vibration friction","authors":"Min Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Lu ,&nbsp;Ziyou Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Shi ,&nbsp;Hui Tan ,&nbsp;Zongxiao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of wear balls on the material under transverse periodic vibrational friction of the γ-TiAl and α₂-Ti₃Al phases was investigated on an atomic scale employing molecular dynamics simulations. Mechanical performance, temperature, atomic displacement, shear strain, and dislocation density of biphasic titanium-aluminum alloys were systematically analyzed. It is found that when the wear ball passes through the γ/α₂ interfaces it causes the structure of the interface to be damaged, resulting in a weakening of the reinforcement of the interface. At this point, the total force applied at the interface decreases accordingly. However, the existing boundary between the two phases prevents the movement of atoms and the transfer of stresses. The deepness of the abrasion marks for the α₂-phase during friction is smaller than for the γ-phase, due to the great resistance to slip of dislocations in the α₂-phase, which makes it difficult to drive the deformation in all directions. Dislocations first nucleate at the interface, and the evolution of dislocations in the α₂ and γ-phases leads to energy accumulation and release from the γ/α₂ interfaces. The increase in the density of dislocations in the γ-phases is significantly greater than that of the α₂-phases, so the stacking of dislocations in the γ-phases will improve the distortion resistance of the material as a whole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase composition-guided design of nano strengthened high-entropy alloys for enhanced mechanical performance","authors":"Li Feng,&nbsp;Gang Qin,&nbsp;Xu Yang,&nbsp;Yao Chen,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Ruirun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoprecipitation strengthening has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, the inherent compositional complexity of HEAs poses a critical challenge in designing compositions that enable the controllable formation of coherent nano-precipitates. In this study, we introduce a phase composition tracking strategy for the rational design of nano strengthened HEAs. Applying this strategy, we developed a Co₂₈Cr₃₀Cu₆Mn₁₅Ni₂₁ HEA, where dense coherent spinodal decomposition-induced nano-domains were successfully introduced by aging treatment at 600 °C for 5 h. The microstructure resulted in a remarkable 37 % enhancement in yield strength (from 315 ± 10 MPa to 433 ± 10 MPa) while simultaneously improving ductility (elongation increased from 48 ± 2 % to 53 ± 2 %) in room-temperature tensile tests. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the exceptional strength-ductility synergy stems from the strengthening contribution of coherent spinodal nano-domains. This work establishes a universal paradigm for designing high-performance HEAs with tailored nanoprecipitation strengthening, offering valuable insights into the development of compositionally complex alloys for extreme engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously achieving good mechanical properties and low-field-actuated large reversible effective refrigeration capacity in a Ni-Co-Fe-Mn-In Heusler alloy","authors":"Jiatong Li ,&nbsp;Jiamin Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenyi Peng ,&nbsp;Yuxian Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Ding ,&nbsp;Yuhai Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic refrigeration leveraging magnetocaloric effect has received considerable attention on account of its great potential to replace the traditional refrigeration leveraging the gas compression/expansion. The search for the magnetocaloric materials with good mechanical properties and large reversible effective refrigeration capacity (RC_eff) under low magnetic fields provided by permanent magnets (not exceeding 2 T) is nowadays very active. Here, we report the simultaneous achievement of good mechanical properties and large reversible RC_eff under low magnetic fields not exceeding 2 T in the Ni₄₄Co₂Fe₄Mn₃₈In₁₂ Heusler alloy with a second-order magnetic phase transition. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the simultaneous achievement of good mechanical properties and large reversible RC_eff under low magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets in the Ni-Mn-X-based (Sn, In and Sb) Heusler alloys. The compressive fracture strength and fracture strain of Ni₄₄Co₂Fe₄Mn₃₈In₁₂ alloy reach 858.2 MPa and 8.9 %, respectively. The large reversible RC_eff of 90.3 J kg⁻¹ and 69.0 J kg⁻¹ are achieved under magnetic fields of 2 T and 1.5 T, respectively. Moreover, this alloy is non-toxic. All these metrics make the Ni₄₄Co₂Fe₄Mn₃₈In₁₂ alloy an attractive candidate for magnetic refrigeration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles study on phase formation and basic properties of M5Si3-type high-entropy refractory metal silicides","authors":"Pengfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingyi Xiao ,&nbsp;Huicong Li,&nbsp;Laiqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The M₅Si₃-type high-entropy refractory metal silicides (HERMS) have emerged as strong candidates for novel ultra-high temperature structural materials due to their high melting points, relatively low density, and excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance. To explore the phase formation rules of M₅Si₃-type HERMS and reveal the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of their fundamental properties (thereby providing theoretical support for their design and application as ultra-high temperature materials), the phase formation parameters of 70 quinary D8_m-type HERMS were calculated, and the D8_m-phase (MoNbReTaV)₅Si₃ was successfully synthesized experimentally, validating the accuracy of the calculations. Electronic structure, elastic constants, and thermodynamic properties of (MoNbReTaV)₅Si₃, (MoNbHfZrTa)₅Si₃, and (MoNbHfZrV)₅Si₃ were investigated via first-principles calculations. The results demonstrate that electrons predominantly occupy the M-4d orbitals, with the occupancy of the d orbitals being a critical factor influencing the mechanical properties of HERMS; Ta exerts a more significant toughening effect on HERMS than V; the thermodynamic stability of the three materials increases with rising temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of superheating on the structure and mechanical properties of Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy induction-melted in the fused BaZrO3 crucible","authors":"Lu Mao ,&nbsp;Haitao Li ,&nbsp;Hang Guo ,&nbsp;Xingguang Jin ,&nbsp;Dongdong He ,&nbsp;Qisheng Feng ,&nbsp;Pengyue Gao ,&nbsp;Guangyao Chen ,&nbsp;Chonghe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, kilogram-level experiments for preparing the Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy were conducted using vacuum induction melting with a self-developed fused BaZrO₃ crucible. The effects of melting and casting temperatures (1560 °C, 1600 °C, and 1700 °C) on the alloy's oxygen content, structure, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that the alloy after melting at 1560 °C exhibited the lowest oxygen content (916 ppm), the smallest shrinkage cavities and cellular dendrites, along with the least amount of brittle α₂ phase. However, the formation of numerous microcracks within the alloy significantly deteriorated its mechanical properties. The alloy after melting at 1700 °C had the highest oxygen content (2941 ppm), the largest shrinkage cavities and dendrites, and the greatest amount of α₂ phase, all of which contributed to its poorest mechanical properties. In contrast, the alloy after melting at 1600 °C achieved a favorable balance among oxygen content (1169 ppm), microstructure, and phase composition, thereby exhibiting the best mechanical properties among the three alloys, with a tensile strength of 706 MPa and a fracture strain of 1.10 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}