Journal of Radio Studies最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting Schramm's Radiotown: Media Displacement and Saturation","authors":"Jay Newell","doi":"10.1080/10955040701301722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701301722","url":null,"abstract":"In 1959 Wilbur Schramm collected data on the media use behavior of children in what he believed was the last remaining town in North America to have radio as its only electronic mass media, and he concluded the primary impact of new media was the displacement of incumbent media. This research returns to Schramm's “Radiotown” for two follow-up studies to assess the validity of displacement as a mechanism for understanding long-term changes in media use. The first study is a qualitative data collection among a convenience sample (n = 28) of the now-adult participants of the 1959 study. The second study quantitatively tests the conclusions of the first study among the youth of Radiotown (n = 263). Among both adults and youth, radio remains a primary mass media device, with adults using more radio now than in 1959. Three principles of media use are proposed: the ubiquity of mass media devices in the household, the proximity of media devices, and the constancy of media use. Implications for the displacement hypothesis are discussed.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116364999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfred Balk, The Rise of Radio, From Marconi Through the Golden Age","authors":"James A. Freeman","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313503","url":null,"abstract":"Some cultural historians claim that eras of creativity lead to periods of commentary. Innovators like Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes in Athens were followed by critics in Alexandria. Geniuses in the Italian Renaissance gave was to 17th-century annotators, theorists, and academicians. The century from Shakespeare to Milton inspired an 18th-century symbolized by Dr. Johnson’s biographies and dictionary. Whatever the truth of this generate–contemplate pattern, it seems to describe the evolution of radio programs and radio studies. The heady early days of novel shows like Amos ’n’ Andy devolved into today’s all music or talk shows; the desultory thoughts of Golden Age reviewers have expanded into voluminous modern essays on communication laws, networks, sound effects, technologies, performers, and individual series. Thus, Alfred Balk’s The Rise of Radio comfortably belongs in our age of recapitulation. His rationale for yet another study makes sense to those dedicated fans who have dutifully perused specialized volumes on radio tubes, premiums, and soap operas. Feeling the lack of “a readable one-volume narrative that portrayed in journalistic form the sweeping drama of radio history,” (p. 13), the author provides one. His admirably clear prose sums up a dizzying array of previous histories. Balk proceeds chronologically as he retells how pioneers combined with visionaries to create “a belle epoque in American culture” (p. 12). Marconi, Fessenden, de Forest, and Armstrong supplied Hugo Gernsback, “Doc” Herrold, and David Sarnoff with the mechanisms to simultaneously reach listeners almost everywhere with the world’s most comprehensive mix of entertainment and information. When the book continues with the westward migration of talent to Chicago, Cincinnati, and Detroit, a reader both follows and appreciates how the phenomenon grew. The last two sections recount the entrance of advertising agencies and the antagonism of newspapers. Next, the author reviews the individual histories of radio’s myriad genres: comedy, sitcoms, adventure, kids’, women’s, drama, music, news, quiz, and historic shows. The final section becomes elegiac. Switching his method from annalistic to analytical, the author finds much to disturb him in post-World War II developments: network splits, the emergence of television, and, finally, the disappearance of local scheduling. He backs up his claim of “a legacy lost” (p. 282) by spotlighting the negative results of deregulation and current pandering to segmented audiences: infantile or sensational news, lack of hometown or minority ownership, a flood of advertising, loss of any public responsibility, threats to free elections. His emotion inspires rather than weakens his prose. While lamenting the prevalence of current mean-spirited talk/call-in offerings, Balk writes, “Drumfires of demagoguery and demonizing debase the public discourse and, by ignoring or politically deni-","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129544387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of Eden: The Legion of Decency, the FCC, and Mae West's 1937 Appearance on The Chase & Sanborn Hour","authors":"Steve Craig","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313388","url":null,"abstract":"During a 1937 appearance on NBC's top-rated Chase & Sanborn Hour, Hollywood icon Mae West starred in a comedy skit based on the Garden of Eden that drew complaints of indecency from offended listeners. Much of the reaction came from Catholic reformers seeking to expand the Legion of Decency's influence to radio. The sponsor and network apologized, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a letter of reprimand to NBC and its affiliates. This action spurred a backlash among critics, who charged the FCC with censorship. The incident was an important landmark in the prewar debate over government's role in regulating radio.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128680172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robert L. Hilliard and Michael C. Keith, The Quieted Voice: The Rise and Demise of Localism in American Radio","authors":"Keith Brand","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Linear Versus Nonlinear Listening to Radio News on Recall and Comprehension","authors":"Hesham Mesbah","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313222","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of mode of listening to radio news on cognitive processes. An experimental design using 82 undergraduates from Kuwait University was employed to test the research hypotheses. The stimulus is a real newscast that was recorded and manipulated into four versions in line with the research problem: Traditional radio newscast, online newscast played with one click, linear interactive netcast with a click for each news item, and a support activity condition in which additional links for details were added to each link. The study showed that nonlinear news listening yields better levels of news recall and comprehension. Moderate levels of interactivity on sites of radio news caused better memory performance compared to lower and higher levels of interactivity.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128895105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Radio Talk Show Hosts and Social Conflict: An Analysis of Self-Reported Roles During Debates and Discussion","authors":"Johannes Botes, Jennifer E. Langdon","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313446","url":null,"abstract":"By interviewing and thus gathering data from 10 prominent public radio talk show hosts as to how they perceive their tasks and actions during conflict-related debates and discussions, the authors were able to categorize these self-reflections in terms of the hosts' overall communicative, directive, and procedural strategies. This article reflects on the degree to which these activities define the overall roles of public radio talk show hosts and especially on whether these social actors perceive their moderating roles as a form of third party intervention similar to the work of facilitators or mediators of social conflict.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133105949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radio as an Instrument of Protest: The History of Bush Radio","authors":"T. Bosch","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313420","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a historical account of Bush Radio, the oldest community radio station in Africa, based in Cape Town, South Africa. The creation of Bush Radio's precursor, the Cassette Education Trust (CASET) was a pivotal moment for the emergence of community radio on the continent. This people's history of Bush Radio tells the full story through the voices of the founders and staff, together with other sources of historical data. The article argues that although the apartheid state constructed essentialist racial and ethnic categories, CASET and later Bush Radio constantly positioned themselves in a space of liminality to interrogate and redefine these categories. Privileging an instrumentalist approach, this article shows the connections between ideology, politics, and economics as they converge to form the industrial structure, the political environment, and the cultural product of broadcasting.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129518637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's Just Your Imagination: The Effect of Imagery on Recognition of Product- Versus Non-Product-Related Information in Radio Advertisements","authors":"P. Bolls","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313263","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment tested the effects of imagery on recognition of product- versus non-product-related information in radio ads. Participants listened to four high-imagery and four low-imagery, 60-second spots. After a distracter task, participants were given a four alternative, forced choice, recognition test. The recognition test consisted of three product-related and three non-product-related questions for each ad. Recognition of product-related information was significantly lower than recognition of non-product information in high-imagery ads. There was no significant difference between recognition of productversus non-product information in low-imagery spots. Theoretical and practical implications of the results for understanding information processing of radio and producing effective high-imagery radio spots are discussed.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115776228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robert S. Fortner, Radio Morality and Culture: Britain, Canada, and the United States, 1919�1945","authors":"D. Cullen","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313495","url":null,"abstract":"The catalyst for the success of talk radio since 1992 has been the decision by programmers to debate societal values over the airwaves: the cultural wars. Seventy years earlier, during the first decades of broadcast radio, a similar debate occurred within the industry. The rapid modernization of society created, for many, a sense of losing control of one’s life, especially one’s moral life. In the 1920s, various groups fought a rearguard action against this loss of control. The Victorian upper class in England, the rural farming communities in the United States, and the new nationalists in Canada all sought to protect their identities from being subsumed by the industrial, urban, corporate society developing within their countries. For each group, the church became their standard bearer. In his book Radio Morality and Culture, Robert Fortner (Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences at Calvin College) examines the relationship between the church and radio in the debate over the cultural role of broadcasting in modern society. Fortner’s study, therefore, provides readers with a cultural analysis of the first quarter century of radio’s existence. Ignoring an economic, biographical, or legislative history of broadcasting’s first decades, Fortner’s narrow focus achieves a more comprehensive profile of the development of radio as a byproduct of its birthplace, modern market capitalism. In eight chapters, he examines the emergence of radio in three distinct societies who only share one common characteristic: All three must adapt to a “quickening” of the pace of life. Each country reacted differently to this challenge. Britain fought to preserve Victorian morality. The United States attempted to create a new morality to reflect the modernization of its society. Canada struggled to create and maintain its new nationalism by fusing morality with identity. In all three cases, the radio broadcasters offered the established church of each country an opportunity to participate in shaping the societal role of radio. Fortner explains why the church failed to make the most of this opportunity. Formed in 1922, the British Broadcasting Company aired the first of its regular weekly religious programming two years later. The BBC consulted with the newly created Religious Advisory Committee about such programming throughout the 1920s. However, by that decade’s end, religious programming as a method to reenforce Victorian values all but disappeared. The Committee focused its attention more on Sunday programming as a threat to church attendance than as a means to communicate church teachings. And because the board of the BBC early on decided on public service as the purpose for British radio, programming rarely challenged the values of the established church. Shaken by the loss of life during World War I, both the Committee and the board of the BBC were not eager to embrace the values expressed by","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132841315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back to the Future: Allegheny Mountain Radio and Localism in West Virginia Community Radio","authors":"M. Reed, Ralph E. Hanson","doi":"10.1080/10955040701313297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10955040701313297","url":null,"abstract":"Community radio is a form of noncommercial broadcasting designed to serve audiences in a specific geographic area. In recent years, community radio has become a viable alternative to both commercial and public radio, which produce nationally oriented programming designed to attract mass audiences. The value and impact of community radio can be seen through the work of Allegheny Mountain Radio, a three-station network serving a rural and geographically isolated region of southern West Virginia and Virginia.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}