Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo最新文献

{"title":"Training future physical education teachers for health-preserving activity in the conditions of an inclusive educational environment","authors":"Maksym Shevchenko","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problem of training future physical culture teachers for working in an inclusive educational environment of educational institutions. The aim of the study was to establish the theoretical foundations of the problem of training future physical education teachers for organizing health-preserving activity in an inclusive educational environment. The urgency of focusing research attention on the problem of training potential teachers of physical culture for the introduction of elements of sports and mass work in an inclusive educational environment on health-preserving grounds is substantiated. Scientific information on the concepts of “inclusive educational environment”, “health-preserving sports and mass work” has been systematized. It was determined that the modern inclusive educational environment is characterized by a system of value attitudes towards learning, upbringing and personal development of children with special educational needs, as well as a set of resources (means, external and internal conditions), their life activities in a comprehensive educational institution and a focus on the implementation of individual educational strategies of students. The author characterizes the peculiarity of the professional activity of a physical education teacher in the introduction of health-preserving sports and mass work in an inclusive educational environment; it consists in the need to create a barrier-free health-preserving environment in the future profession, the formation of knowledge, skills of individualization and differentiation in physical education of children with special educational needs and the development of qualities that will contribute to the success of the teacher’s implementation of an individual approach in the physical education of school students, taking into account the principles of inclusion.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46839709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of paper plastic in modern design in the development of students' creative thinking","authors":"Lyudmila Bogaichuk, Ivan Oros, T. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights that in the space of modern design and artistic and creative education, in particular decorative and applied arts, the importance of paper is growing as both a creative material for modelling and for creating artistic products, and at the same time, the paper is simultaneously one of the most accessible art materials both from the viewpoint of ease of use and cost, and paper craft is an important basis for students' perception and creation of more complex artistic forms of professional art. It is noted that despite various editions, this disparity does not allow fully revealing paper-making as a conceptual whole – in the diversity of its connections with project culture, creative laboratory and design methodology in design. The purpose of the article is to reveal paper-making in the space of decorative and applied arts as well as to identify its theoretical and methodological foundations and to substantiate the role of paper-making in modern design for the formation of students' creative thinking alongside the formation of their artistic and pedagogical skills. These methods were applied and used to reveal the problem: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization); scientific and specific: historical, artistic, pedagogical, psychological and approaches: systemic-structural, structural-functional, comparative, with the help of which the opinion regarding the phenomenon of paper-making is generalized, its essential content is clarified in the plane of decorative and applied arts, in modern design, and methodical methods are specified principles to the problem regarding the development of creative thinking of students specialized in artistic and pedagogical mastery. In the main content, it is noted that on the basis of methodological provisions and basic principles of traditional craftsmanship, the creative and essential foundations for decorative and applied arts are manifested, which ensures the formation of components of artistic competence and, at the same time, requires the use of students’ creative and figurative thinking. The idea of the key figurative-essential basis for paper-making is provided and it is noted that mastering the specifics of artistic imagery forms students' aesthetic ideas as well as a valuable act of understanding the world. It is highlighted that \"paper plastic\" also reflects the specificity of the author's approach to the study of compositional, constructive, structural and technological regularities of the work with material. In the content of the Methodological recommendations for conducting practical lessons, it is emphasized that the result should reflect the student's mastery – from the initial sketch through full-scale sketches to the design of the idea in the material. It is justified that in addition to the traditional methodical principles of education, there is a need to use certain art technologies. It is emphasized that the implementation of the developed \"Co","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of using the “Stupalka-LOGOS” simulator in improving the psycho-speech development of preschool children","authors":"Yuri Yuri","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presented the authors’ simulator \"Stupalki-LOGOS\" (authors: M. M. Yefymenko, M. D. Moga) and considered the possibilities of its use in improving (correcting) the psycho-speech development of preschoolers with general underdevelopment of speech. The design of the simulator and the purpose of its three removable parts (handgrip handle, base platform, supporting surface of the simulator) are described. A brief classification of the main types of children’s hand disorders (hypotonic, hypertonic, dystonic, asymmetric) is made, and an algorithm for overcoming hand disorders according to each of the listed types is given. The main power hand functions that can be formed with the help of the Stupalki-LOGOS simulator (grab, supports, springs, rolling, balancing, stepping, etc.) are listed. The special role of the two-handed coordination function, which is formed due to this simulator, is emphasized. The cross-coordination of the upper and lower (when crawling) limbs forms the internal hemispheric neural networks necessary for brain activity for further left-hemisphere lateralization of the brain. The practical aspect of the research is presented in the article with sets of special exercises on the Stupalki-LOGOS simulator to improve the motor and psycho-speech development of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. The performed pedagogical observations proved that the \"Stupalki-LOGOS\" simulator improves the indicators of psycho-speech development: two-handed coordination improved, the basic power functions of the hand were formed (capture, supports, springs, rolling, stepping, pushing away), the state of mental well-being improved, as well as certain indicators of speech development (articulatory motor skills, phonetics, vocabulary).","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of factors influencing the academic education of future bachelors in Electronics in Ukraine","authors":"Lidiia Boiko","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its importance in the context of the modern professional education system in Ukraine. This is influenced by contemporary trends: the need for highly qualified specialists, the improvement of the quality of educational services, and the implementation of innovations. Accordingly, the growing role of electronics in the modern world creates the need for highly qualified bachelors in Electronics. Analyzing the factors that affect the quality of academic education in this field will help identify key aspects that will contribute to the training of competent specialists. The purpose of the research is to investigate various factors that influence the quality and effectiveness of academic education for students pursuing a degree in \"Electronics\" in Ukraine. Considering the multifaceted manifestations, functional ambiguity of factors in the academic education of future bachelors in Electronics, their analysis required the use of a range of methods: search-oriented, analytical, comparative, systematization, documentation analysis, systemic, and synergetic. Within the framework of the research, three reports on the results of accreditation expertise of the bachelor's degree educational program in specialty 171 \"Electronics\" were selected from the State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, the National Technical University of Ukraine \"Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\", and the National Aviation University. Based on the obtained results, it is worth noting that one of the key factors that can influence the quality of the academic training aimed at students is the qualification of teachers. The factor of the availability of the possibility of forming an individual educational trajectory for students is a relatively new but quite a relevant one. Another important factor is the quality of the educational program, which is the foundation for the activities at higher education institutions. The state of educational infrastructure, including the availability of modern equipment and laboratories that can help students acquire practical skills in Electronics, is no less important. It is appropriate to note that the listed factors can interact and influence the academic success of future bachelors in Electronics in Ukraine. To ensure students’ success, it is essential that universities properly take these factors into account and create favorable conditions for learning and development.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using digital technologies and innovative methods to improve the reading skills of higher education students","authors":"A. Budnik, I. Khyzhniak","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of activating and improving the reading skills of students using innovative methods and digital technologies. The article explores how modern technologies can stimulate and improve reading, contributing to the active involvement of students in the learning process. The quality of future language teachers' professional training and the possibility of its implementation in the current conditions of digitalisation depend on what and how they read. In particular, the essence and algorithm of applying such innovative technologies as conceptual and figurative reading, collective immersion in a literary text, advertising, colour reading, anti-books, flashbacks are discussed. It is pointed out that such tools allow students to actively engage with the text, expanding their understanding of information, improving concentration and memory. It is proved that conceptual and imaginative reading and collective immersion in a literary text activates various sensory channels, in particular visual imagination, which helps the reader to understand the text more deeply, focus on details, activate emotional and cognitive reactions, and develop creative thinking. It is emphasised that conceptual and imaginative reading and collective immersion in a literary text can be especially useful when reading fiction, descriptions of places or complex concepts, where visualisation can help to understand and remember information. It can help build a shared identity, strengthen social bonds and empathy between group members. The article emphasises that the use of promotional strategies and elements can attract students' attention and make the learning process more engaging and ensure more active participation. One possible approach is to create “advertising campaigns” for specific literary works or authors. This may include creating posters, advertising slogans, anti-books, etc. that will attract students' interest and inspire them to read the book. It is proved that the use of digital technologies and innovative methods to improve the reading skills of students contributes to the formation of professional skills of future language teachers who are able to implement them in their future activities.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent work in the area of distance education: a study of university students' opinions","authors":"M. Rudina","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the results of a study of university students' opinions about independent work in the area of distance education during martial law in the country. The basis of the study is a questionnaire designed to identify students' opinions and attitudes towards independent work as an individual research form of educational activity. The basis for the research and development of the questionnaire is the scientific and educational principles of the concept \"independent work\". We have found out that this definition is understood by most scholars as a cognitive activity aimed at self-education and achievement of personally significant goals, is based on independence as a personality trait, and contributes to the formation of self-education skills. However, modern students do not always interpret independent work as an individual research educational activity. The questionnaire focused the respondents' attention on the relevance of independent work and emphasised the importance of this component in distance learning while encouraging students to analyse their own preferences and choose qualities that are important for personal motivation. In addition to the research work, the questionnaire provided an educational goal and self-improvement in terms of understanding the need for independent work as a personal value-oriented activity of the student. To analyse the results, conventional levels were used: high-level choices show an understanding of the relevance and importance of the proposed types of independent work; medium-level choices determine the prospect of strengthening motivation for independent work; low-level choices show the need to develop students' motivation for independent work, to form the need for individual independent work. The analysis of the questionnaire results confirmed the predicted tendency: students more or less understand the essence and importance of independent work and have not thought about this aspect in terms of themselves. Thus, the analysis of students' opinions revealed the need to update distance learning methods in order to stimulate students' motivation to work independently to help them acquire professional competences in the higher education system.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing education of teachers as a condition for improving the quality of education in institutions of general secondary education","authors":"Yu. V. Yampol","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the professional development of teachers in terms of practical significance. The model of managing the process of professional development of teachers in an educational organisation aimed at improving the management of the quality of education in general secondary education institutions is theoretically substantiated. The works and researches of domestic scientists in the field of development of teachers’ professional competence are studied and their influence on the development and formation of quality management in educational institutions is analysed. It is established that the beginning of the process of a teacher’s professional development can be called the moment of self-determination of an individual which is carried out twice: when entering a higher education institution or a college and at the time of its graduation when choosing a further place of work. The theoretical aspects related to the management of teachers’ professional development within general secondary education institutions are generalised. It is noted that the development of teachers in an educational organisation is a process of growth of the educational (general and professional) potential of a teacher's personality, organisationally provided by the system of the state and public institutions. The study reveals and substantiates the state of professional development management of teaching staff, which is a process of purposeful implementation of a management strategy in an educational institution aimed at forming teachers’ certain competencies. The conceptual idea in the theory of development management of pedagogical staff at an educational institution is the creation of an internal organisational practice-oriented system of teacher in-service training, which implies that the basis of professional development should be an active subjective position of the teacher himself/herself, his/her intensive practice-oriented methodological (scientific and methodological) activity, and it should end with a certain result or product developed by the teacher in the process of in-service training.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42166826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhibition activity as a pedagogical factor in the formation of the personality of culture","authors":"A. Nosenko, Ya.M. Tverdokhlibova, D. Velychko","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the conceptual essence exhibition activities of art education institutions in addressing issues of aesthetic education of a person of culture; pedagogical views on the problem are highlighted, the phenomenon of exhibition activities of participants in the educational process of art education institutions; characteristics of creative assets exhibitions demonstrated by participants of educational process as well as the role of exhibition work in creating cultural and artistic space as an effective factor of aesthetic education of a person of culture are considered. The author indicated priority tasks of exhibition activities of educational institutions of different levels in the field of multicultural space and in the life of modern society, a number of issues related to methodological support and system solution of a complex of tasks arising within the exhibition process under current conditions of education based on methodology of the scientific theory of pedagogical management are identified.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design","authors":"Wang Wei","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the urgent problem of training future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design. The goal of the article is to systematize and generalize scientific research on the training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design. It was specified that in modern society the issues of forming the professional qualities of the art teacher, creating the conditions that would ensure their training in the system of higher pedagogical education are becoming particularly acute. After all, nowadays there is a need to develop design skills and mastery in future art teachers who could use graphic design in their professional activity, as well as teach this craft to students so that they can create brochures, magazines, books, advertising products, various packaging, web design etc. It has been proven that the training of such specialists who have the basics of design culture is an urgent problem of modern art pedagogy. It was determined that the formation of design skills in students as an integral component of the professional qualities of a future teacher of fine arts is realized in the process of their activity, during which individual characteristics are manifested, which contribute to the formation of a person’s positive attitude towards their profession and the people with whom they work, as well as the desire for personal growth and professional improvement. In general, the training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design is a long, controlled, responsible process of forming professional competences, the result of which is knowledge and skills that future specialists will use in their further activities; it is the unity of theoretical and practical readiness of future teachers of fine arts to use graphic design in their professional activities. It has been confirmed that proper training of future art teachers with established professional competences will provide opportunities to become competitive in the service market.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The essence of training future language and literature teachers for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment","authors":"Liu Yige","doi":"10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2023-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the urgent problem of training future teachers of language and literature for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment. The aim of the article is to systematize and generalize scientific research on the preparation of future teachers of language and literature for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment. Based on the study of existing views, it was determined that the preparation of qualified teachers of language and literature for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment is one of the main tasks of nowadays in the modern education system of Ukraine. According to the Concept of Pedagogical Education, Ukraine is a multicultural and multinational state, taking into account the fact that the educational system deals with a complex, ethnically diverse, culturally and mentally heterogeneous contingent, the education of citizens in the environment of the country’s national culture is of particular importance. And this requires updating the methodology and content of language and pedagogical training. The author clarifies the meaning of the concept of cross-cultural learning – an organized activity that takes place in a multicultural educational environment, aimed at the study, assimilation and comparison of different cultures, as well as the formation of multicultural values and skills of intercultural interaction and the acquisition of experience in intercultural communication. It has been confirmed that the development trend of multicultural training of future language and literature teachers is aimed at openness, accessibility to other cultures and involves their personal and cultural development based on involvement in cross-cultural activities, forming values, adequate views and attitudes. The specifics of training future teachers of language and literature for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment have been determined as a process characterized by the generalization of professional inclinations, knowledge, abilities and skills aimed at organizing cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural educational environment. It has been confirmed that the result of this process is the readiness of future language and literature teachers for cross-cultural education of students in a multicultural environment.","PeriodicalId":33176,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii Visnik Pivdennoukrayins''kogo Natsional''nogo Pedagogichnogo Universitetu imeni K D Ushins''kogo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}