{"title":"Short Literature Review for Visual Scene Understanding","authors":"S. Achirei","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Individuals are highly accurate for visually understanding natural scenes. By extracting and extrapolating data we reach the highest stage of scene understanding. In the past few years it proved to be an essential part in computer vision applications. It goes further than object detection by bringing machine perceiving closer to the human one: integrates meaningful information and extracts semantic relationships and patterns. Researchers in computer vision focused on scene understanding algorithms, the aim being to obtain semantic knowledge from the environment and determine the properties of objects and the relations between them. For applications in robotics, gaming, assisted living, augmented reality, etc a fundamental task is to be aware of spatial position and capture depth information. First part of this paper focuses on deep learning solutions for scene recognition following the main leads: low-level features and object detection. In the second part we present extensively the most relevant datasets for visual scene understanding. We take into consideration both directions having in mind future applications.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"1 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrete-Time Hyperchaotic System Synchronization","authors":"Victor Grigoras, Carmen Grigoras","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nonlinear systems with hyperchaotic dynamical behaviour can be used in signal encryption. The present contribution presents the design of hyperchaotic discrete-time emitter circuit the synchronizing receiver and their dynamics. Possible application in wide-band signal transmission is presented by using error dynamics method.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114577968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Web Tool for Stimulating Investments in Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"M. Roman, A. Sălceanu","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most sustainable, inexhaustible and “clean” sources of electricity is photovoltaic solar energy that can be used for instant consumption while the surplus might be delivered in the power grid or stored in (local) batteries. In the study here presented, we analyze a usual, medium-sized household. The input data of the here developed application are the geolocation, the roof surface facing south, the geometric dimensions of the available individual solar panel, its installed power capacity and the (previous) electricity consumption for an entire calendar year. As output data the application will provide the total number of solar panels that can be placed and the total amount of energy produced in a year, for different values of conversion efficiency (solar energy-electricity, respectively DC power-AC power). Depending on these assessments, the user can decide whether is efficient to become a prosumer or opt for local storage of additional energy produced during solar peak irradiance hours.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133709688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart Charging of Multiple EVs in Smart Grid Radial Low Voltage Distribution Networks","authors":"A. Kriukov, M. Gavrilas","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The harsh emissions constraints have pushed the Automotive industry to introduce Electric Vehicles (EV). Since the beginning of this millennia the numbers of EVs have increased from thousands to millions nowadays. The impact of EVs charging, over the Electrical networks has been studied in many publications, and everybody reached the same conclusion: if EV’s charging is not managed, the energy industry will suffer; increased investments, new energy production facilities will lead to increased energy prices. The concept of managing the EV’s charging process is connected to Smart Grid concept, and many publications are stating that a single centralized entity should regulate the chargingprocess. As such, in this paper a similar centralized EV charging control algorithm in low voltage distribution networks (LVDN) is proposed. The proposed algorithm, is regulating the EV charging power, while considering the LVDN network constraints. Specifically, the voltage constraints are taken into account, because the voltage levels within the network are a power supply quality indicator.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photovoltaic Systems Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms","authors":"George Cercel, C. Ţigănaşu, C. Nemes","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The power delivered by a photovoltaic cell generator depends on the operating point at which this works. In order to maximize the energy supplied by the PV system, the generator should be adapted to the load so that the operating point will always correspond to the maximum power point. Usually, when a PV module is connected directly to a load, its operating point is rarely at the maximum power point. The operating principle of the maximum power point tracking is to place a converter between the load and the PV array, to adjust the output voltage and the current of the PV array so that the maximum available power is extracted. In most cases the optimal algorithm is chosen according to several criteria, such as: implementation complexity (autonomy of the systems, connected to the network), the type and number of sensors needed, the ability of the algorithm to detect local maximum points, cost, response time, type of implementation (analog, digital, mixed).","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121360683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Overview of the Home Energy Management System","authors":"C. Ţigănaşu, George Cercel, C. Nemeş","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on modelling of the flexible loads of a residential area, based on a classification of eligible appliances. Thus, in order to use the photovoltaic energy with a higher efficiency, the methods of traditional load management are involved in residential sector in order to ensure an optimal balance between demanded load and photovoltaic generated power. The concept of Home Energy Management System is an action taken by the consumer and it is part of the concept for Demand Load Management. The most important thing in implementation of this algorithm is to perform a classification of the electrical appliances. Using the Matlab simulation, in this paper has been generated a consumption load profile based on a list of appliances specific to residential area. Based on generated load profile, in the paper has been extracted in several graphs, the power of the equipment that supports and does not support changes in the operating program. Previously, a classification of these appliances has been conducted, the most important aspect taken into account in their classification being the minimum impact on the user’s comfort.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125788792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prerequisites to Design a Collision Free Trajectory in a 3D Dynamic Environment for an UAV","authors":"Sofia Hustiu","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research presents the main steps needed for designing a piece-wise linear trajectory which grants an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach a destination pose in a workspace with dynamic obstacles. The first objective is characterized by the examination of kinematics and dynamics of a quadcopter. For this purpose, a nonlinear mathematical model was developed. The validation of the mathematical model was confirmed by MATLAB and real time experiments. The second step aims to properly map the 3D environment. For this objective, an algorithm for a cuboid rectangular decomposition was developed and implemented, by extending a 2D decomposition technique. The evaluation of the proposed path planning algorithm occurred for different scenarios and the validation of the results was established through numerical simulations. In the end, a comparison for two path planning scenarios is shown: for a 3D static environment and for a 3D dynamic environment, where the movement of a dynamic obstacle is known.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Dielectrophoresis in the Detection and Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells","authors":"T. Schreiner, M. Adam","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method of manipulating, including separating, of target object (nano and/or microparticles, living cells) in the presence of a non-uniform electric field. In recent years, the method has found numerous applications in the bio-medical fields, especially in oncology, more precisely in the study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs are cells released by a tumor during its early stages of metastasis, when secondary tumors cannot yet be detected by classical imaging methods. Thus, DEP may be a useful adjuvant method in the earlier detection of cancer. In this context, this article offers a new perspective on a topic of great interest nowadays. Presenting in the first two parts in detail the technique of DEP and the most important physical-biological characteristics of the CTCs, the article lists in the final part the most relevant and recent applications of this technique in the field of tumor cells, opening possible future research directions.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of the Bernstein-Vazirani Quantum Algorithm Using the Qiskit Framework","authors":"A. Tudorache, V. Manta, S. Caraiman","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes the basics of quantum computing and then focuses on the implementation of the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, which can be seen as an extension of the Deutsch-Josza problem (that solves the question on whether a function is balanced or not). The idea behind the B-V algorithm is that someone can find a secret number (sequence of bits) using only one measurement, unlike the classical counter-part, that requires n measurements, where n is the number of bits of the secret number. The implementation of this algorithm, using the Python programming language, along with the Qiskit framework (an open-source library for quantum operations from IBM), illustrates how to create and simulate a circuit for such an algorithm. The circuit is dynamically generated for the required number (which in practice is received from a different source) and is used to measure the probability of each qubit. The algorithm can also be extended for different types of data and can be used for signal or image processing, as well as applications in cryptography.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131082560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casian Miron, Laura Ioana Grigoras, Radu Ciucu, V. Manta
{"title":"Eye Image Segmentation Method Based on the Modified U-Net CNN Architecture","authors":"Casian Miron, Laura Ioana Grigoras, Radu Ciucu, V. Manta","doi":"10.2478/bipie-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents a new eye image segmentation method used to extract the pupil contour based on the modified U-Net CNN architecture. The analysis was performed using two databases which contain IR images with a spatial resolution of 640x480 pixels. The first database was acquired in our laboratory and contains 400 eye images and the second database is a selection of 400 images from the publicly available CASIA Iris Lamp database. The results obtained by applying the segmentation based on the CNN architecture were compared to manually-annotated ground truth data. The results obtained are comparable to the state of the art. The purpose of the paper is to present the implementation of a robust segmentation algorithm based on the U-Net convolutional neural network that can be used in eye tracking applications such as human computer interface, communication devices for people with disabilities, marketing research or clinical studies. The proposed method improves uppon existing U-Net CNN architectures in terms of efficiency, by reducing the total number of parameters used from 31 millions to 38k. The advantages of using a number of parameters approximatly 815 times lower than the original U-Net CNN architecture are reduced computing resources consumption and a lower inference time.","PeriodicalId":330949,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116590561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}