Biotechnology Journal International最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Metabolic Implications of Dextrin and Maltodextrin on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Analysis (Part 1)","authors":"Hassan Darwish, George Twaddle, Aaron Widmoyer, Una Gibbons, Maimouna Al Mahrizi, Hiba Al Lawati","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3722","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluates the effects of dextrin and maltodextrin on insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). \u0000Background: Dextrin and maltodextrin are dietary fibers with known benefits for modulating blood glucose levels and insulin responses. Their use in dietary management to improve glucose and lipid profiles has been explored, yet there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews that summarize their impacts specifically on insulin resistance and T2DM. This paper seeks to fill that gap by providing an overview of the existing research on these compounds. \u0000Methods: A systematic review was conducted, examining the influence of dextrin and maltodextrin on insulin resistance and T2DM. Relevant studies were sourced from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with the literature search extending up to December 2023. Only human subjects were considered, allowing for a focused examination of the effects. \u0000Results: Thirty studies were included in the review. Findings showed that resistant dextrin notably enhances insulin sensitivity and beneficially alters serum lipid profiles in individuals with T2DM. The data on maltodextrin, however, was more variable; while some studies suggested it might worsen glycemic control, others did not corroborate this effect. This indicates the complexity of its actions and the variability among subjects. \u0000Conclusion: The review confirms that resistant dextrin has positive impacts on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, likely through the modulation of gut microbiota. On the other hand, the evidence on maltodextrin points to a need for cautious use in populations at risk for or managing T2DM. Future work, including Part 2 of this series, will employ direct HPLC analysis to further investigate the biochemical interactions and mechanisms by which these dietary fibers influence T2DM, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of their role in dietary management of this condition.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"125 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Effects of Amended Bioremediation of Toxic Metal-polluted Soil using Organic Composites and Bacillus sp on Plant Growth Parameters","authors":"Maximus Chibuoyi Korie, Ferdinand Ozurumba Uzoma Osuala, Jude-Anthony Nnama Ogbulie, J. N. Okereke, S. Anyadoh-Nwadike, Colman Chikwem Ibe, Moses Ekene Nwachukwu","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3721","url":null,"abstract":"It has become pertinent to develop improved bioremediation techniques, to avert the deleterious effects of heavy metal pollution on agricultural productivity, and safety of its produce. In this study, cow dung, poultry wastes and their composites used as organic amendments were collected and processed, while Bacillus sp used as plant growth promoting rhizosphere was isolated and identified. Then 24 kg of fertile soil was polluted by introducing 20 mL of 0.1M lead acetate solution, before bagging 5 kg of polluted soil into ten perforated nylons. Soil sample was then analyzed before and after treatment. After mixing with Bacillus sp suspension, two of the pot experiments were amended with each of 0.5 kg cow dung only, 0.5 kg poultry wastes only and 1:1 ratio of their composites. Control samples were set up without amendment, and they were bioremediated for 25 days. Following germination of sown corn seedlings, heights of their shoots and number of leaves were monitored on day 4, weeks 2, 4 and 7, before harvesting for analysis together with soil samples. Results obtained revealed that seedlings grown on treated samples as well as properties of treatment of soil were generally better than those of control samples. Highest percentage increase in organic matter content of soil was recorded in treatment with mixture of cow dung only and Bacillus sp, with 9.28% and 7.63% increase at 33.75 mg/kg and 52.55 mg/kg of lead (Pb) pollution. Seedlings grown on samples treated with poultry wastes only, recorded the highest protein content of 161.25±5.5 mg/g, 104.99±4.95 mg/g and 79.75±3.2 mg/g protein contents, at 32.75 mg/kg, 42.02 mg/kg and 52.44 mg/kg levels of Pb pollution, respectively. The amendments also reduced bioaccumulation of Pb in corn seedlings, which was in the order; stem","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"9 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Editing: A Strategic Tool to Advance Poultry Production in the Tropics","authors":"Ewuola Muslim Kayode, Akani, Basheerat Temitope, Fatai, Rasheed Babatunde, Ajenifujah-Solebo Shakira","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i3719","url":null,"abstract":"The output of poultry genetic resources (PGR) can be greatly increased by the use of the very powerful tool known as genome editing. Poultry farming is significant in the tropics because it significantly raises household income and the level of living. Increasing PGR production in the tropics requires overcoming several challenges, such as high rates of disease prevalence and resistance, subpar performance, and adverse environmental conditions. However, the application of genome editing technology presents a promising opportunity to address these problems and maximise poultry output in tropical regions.\u0000In poultry production, selective breeding has resulted in notable improvements in output, effectiveness, and product quality. However, modifying characteristics linked to health becomes more difficult. In the tropics, high temperatures, high humidity, and other challenging conditions are often observed, and they can have a negative impact on the well-being and output of PGR. By using genome editing, it is possible to introduce genetic modifications that increase poultry resistance to these conditions.\u0000Optimising meat yield and quality by genome editing provides a targeted and effective way to introduce disease resistance. Through precise DNA modification, researchers may make specific genetic alterations in organisms through precision genome editing. Benefits including disease resistance, increased welfare and feed conversion efficiency, and better adaption to tropical climates can be inserted into poultry species by scientists through the use of genome editing technology. Particularly in the tropics where infectious diseases can have a major negative influence on flock health and productivity, disease management is an essential component of chicken farming.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Current Treatment Strategies for Adult and Juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis","authors":"Tori Tyler, Amber Wiggins-McDaniel, Staton McBroom, Caroline Parry, Robert Tyler, Robert A. White","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2718","url":null,"abstract":"Hemochromatosis is a common genetic disorder manifesting as an iron overload state requiring complex processes in diagnosis, treatment, and management of both adult, and pediatric, populations. This review outlines general diagnostic and treatment strategies for hemochromatosis detailing fundamental processes in iron excess, or iron overload, through physiologic function and associated pathological effects. Genetic mutations, as ascribed to hemochromatosis, have significant impact in producing pathophysiology. Understanding basic pathophysiological mechanisms can inform future diagnosis and treatment through advances such as erythrocytophoresis. Linking concepts related to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of adult and juvenile hereditary hemochromatosis with scientific advances may enlighten clinical medicine and future hemochromatosis therapy.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Properties of Cobalt and Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Limonia acidissima Leaf Extract","authors":"S. Panicker, A. Mathew, S. Dalvi, M. Chattaraj","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2717","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to synthesize Cobalt and copper nanoparticles (NPs) using Limonia acidissima L. leaf extract and to test their few medicinal properties like antimicrobial antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities.\u0000Methodology: Limonia acidissima plant leaves were collected from the vicinity of the College and the study was completed in 11 months. The hot aqueous leaf extract and soxhlet extract using ethyl acetate as solvent were prepared. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids and absence of Phenols. The leaf extract was then used to make Cobalt and copper nanoparticles (NPs) using Cobalt acetate and Copper sulphate respectively. \u0000Results: The formation of NPs was checked by color change and confirmed with UV–visible spectrophotometry. The typical peaks of Co-NPs were detected in the range of maximum wavelength between 380-520 nm and that for Cu NPs was detected between 260-580 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs of both metal oxides was then tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also against two Candida sps. Cobalt NPs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms but Copper NPs showed no antimicrobial activity. The both NPs were also tested for antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Comparatively the Copper NPs possessed higher antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity than the cobalt nanoparticles.\u0000Conclusion: Thus, this underutilized plant from India can be further exploited for more medicinal properties and bring it into pharmaceutical usage.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotyping Identification of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Obtained from Animal Fecal Samples within Owerri Metropolis","authors":"Uche Justina Ozowara, Chijioke A. Nsofor","doi":"10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2024/v28i2716","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the major means for the spread or distribution of antibiotic resistance is through animal, either by consumption or as companions. Most of the antibiotic resistant bacteria investigated have been reported to exhibit multidrug resistance which can either be acquired or natural. The present study was targeted at investigating the epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Using stratified randomized sample design, three hundred (n = 300) fecal samples [of cattle, and goats (n = 150 for each)] were collected from various abattoir in Owerri metropolis. The isolation, purification, and antibiotic sensitivity were carried out using standard procedures. The resistant genes were investigated using forward and reverse primers specific for the following genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV. \u0000Results: The result showed 97.67 % growth of Enterobacteriaceae. The highest Enterobacteriaceae isolated was in cattle fecal sample (61.00 %), while 2.33 % of the total samples did not show any growth for Enterobacteriaceae. Only three Enterobacteriaceae species were identified: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Escherichia coli was the most abundant Enterobacteriaceae (42.32 %) and P. vulgaris was the least abundant (23.89 %). The isolates showed multiple resistances to most of the antibiotics tested. All the isolates were susceptible to Imipenem (IPM). The molecular characterization showed the presence of the three genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV) investigated. The blaCTX gene-band was the most prevalent (72.22 %) while the blaSHV gene-band was the lowest prevalent resistant gene (61.11 %). \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that the genes: blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were present in Enterobacteriaceae species (K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, and E. coli) isolated from abattoir in Owerri metropolis, Imo State.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships among Jatropha curcas L. Genotypes from Eastern India","authors":"Sanjay Singh, Priyamvada Singh","doi":"10.9734/bji/2023/v27i6706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i6706","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity and relationships among 31 genotypes collected from wide geographical range in eastern India was studied employing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. 19 markers (identified out of 25) produced 139 band in total. Off these 139 bands, 131 bands were polymorphic exhibiting a high polymorphism of 94.24%. Similarity indices estimated on the basis of RAPD primers ranged widely from 0.44 to 0.83 which suggests that these accessions represent genetically diverse population possibly due to predominance of cross pollination and seed source variability. Genotyping data obtained for RAPD primer across collected accessions were used to generate the UPGMA - based phylogenetic tree which shows two major clusters. The cluster I consisted of 16 genotypes from two states Jharkhand and Odisha (Chotanagpur and Eastern plateau region) while 15 accessions from West Bengal and Bihar (Indo Gangetic plains region) were grouped together in the Cluster II. This clear alignment of accessions into two different clusters as per geographical regions was probably due to different growing conditions in two clusters.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"49 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Mutagenesis on the Production of Mycelia Growth of Auricularia Species in Nigeria","authors":"Abikoye, E. T., Oloke, J. K., Okorie, P. C., Lawal, A. K., Anibaba, A. O., Oluwawole, O. F., Odunuga, A. A., Ajao, M. O., Adelaja, O. D., Okeowo, O. B., Ngajo, A.","doi":"10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5697","url":null,"abstract":"Auricularia species is a jelly-like edible mushroom belonging to the class Basidiomycete, Family Auriculariacea. It has many medicinal properties and is widely consumed in Nigeria. Not much research effort appears to have been conducted on its domestication and commercial production in Nigeria. This study evaluated the use of sawdust and rice bran as potential substrates for its cultivation. Two strains of Auricularia species were collected from the wild and identified as Auricularia polytricha and Auricularia subglabra by genetic DNA extraction. Pure cultures of the species were screened for strain improvement by mutagenesis using UV light and ethyl methyl sulfonate mutagens. Spawn of the wild species and the mutants were produced using sorghum grain. The produced spawn was used for the production of the mushroom fruit bodies using sawdust supplemented with rice bran. The biological efficiencies of both wild and mutant were 197% and 90% respectively. A combination of sawdust and rice bran supported the growth of both species of Auricularia.  The Rate of spawn running during spawn production was also negatively affected by mutagenesis in mutants.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and GC-MS Analysis of Fatty Acid of Mugil parsia Fish Oil","authors":"Shahanaz Khatun","doi":"10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5696","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the isolation, characterization, and GC-MS analysis of Mugil parsia fish oil collected from the Rupsha River in Khulna. The oil was extracted from the dried fish by using the Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, with an oil yield of 17± 4.0 %. The moisture, ash, and protein content of the raw fish were found to be 75.45 %, 1.258 %, and 20.00 % respectively. The physicochemical compositions of the extracted oil like color, specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and iodine value were determined and were found to be yellowish brown in color, 0.913±0.31, 9.9±0.1 meq/kg, 295.4±3.0 mg KOH/g, 11.9±2.0%, 5.7±0.11mg KOH/g, and 150.3±0.12 mg/100g respectively.  Fatty acid composition was identified by GC-MS analysis of the Mugil parsia fish oil, showed the Phthalic acid, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, icosanoic anhydride, glycidyl stearate were identified as the major constituents.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Azadirachta indica in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis","authors":"Adams E. G., Ekott E. J., Usip L. P., Opara K. N.","doi":"10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i5695","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the anthelminthic efficacy of Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem (Dogoyaro). The phytochemical components of the leaf extract was accessed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and the efficacy was carried out in vitro and in vivo using Toxocara canis (as worm model) of dogs. Twenty peaks of compounds were revealed in the GS-MS chromatogram, with Hexadecanoic acid which is saddled with anthelminthic effect as one of its major constituents. In the in vitro study, the lethal concentration was 92.48ml/mg at 6hrs. Percentage egg reduction of 76.2% and 83.9% from the Faecal Egg Count (FEC) at LC25 and LC50 respectively was recorded for the in vivo study. The overall blood count of all the puppies used for the experiment were 4.46 X 106µL for RBC, 31.32% for PCV and 11.23 X 103for WBC. Puppies treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed minimal alteration of the three heamatological parameters (WBC, PCV and RBC) analyzed compared to the uninfected control group and group treated with Mbendazole. This indicates that Azadirachta indica leaf extract is effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis and also further investigations are recommended as it may be useful in the treatment of other diseases.","PeriodicalId":330877,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal International","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}