THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY最新文献

{"title":"ANTHROPOGENIC CENTERS AS INDICATORS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Grigoriy Denysyk, Inna Voyna, Bohdan Denysyk","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the XXI century. the landscape and ecologically destabilized environment of any region, including Ukraine, is characterized by abnormally rapid changes in the structural organization of geocomponents and landscape complexes and the relationships between them. As a result, new phenomena arise in the reaction of these natural structures to external, mainly anthropogenic, influences, which lead to unpredictable trends in the development of the environment. In such conditions, various anthropogenic centers are actively developing, among which the role and importance of recreational ones is also increasing. \u0000As previous studies show, anthropogenic centers are the most real indicators of the current ecological state of the environment. Knowledge of the processes and phenomena that develop in recreational centers and geoecotones is relevant and promising. On the one hand, they reveal the causes and mechanisms of existing trends of recreational transformations at the local level, and on the other, taking into account their indicator value, they open the way to managing the state of recreational landscapes and, partially, the environment in general \u0000In the conditions of today's unstable environment, anthropogenic centers and processes in them are gaining widespread development, as a manifestation of new landscape, energy, substance and informational connections. The goal is to investigate the formation process and substantiate the significance of anthropogenic centers as indicators of environmental development. In the research process, a constructive landscape approach, the principles of complexity and natural-anthropogenic coexistence were applied; methods - retrospective, natural analogies, modeling, GIS technologies. By the anthropogenic center we understand the territory within which, under the influence of human activity, processes develop that lead to a change in the structural organization of geocomponents and landscape complexes. It is shown that the diversity of anthropogenic centers and the processes that develop in them depend not only on the type of economic activity, but also on the mosaic of landscape complexes on the basis of which anthropogenic centers are formed. On the example of the model region - Middle Pobuzhzhia, the process of formation and structure of recreational centers - recreational centers in the coastal zone of the South Bug River and residential centers in forest landscapes were studied. Taking into account the indicator value of processes developing in anthropogenic centers, the possibilities of using these peculiar landscape structures in the development of regional projects of rational nature management are considered. It is noted that in the future it is necessary to intensify the research of anthropogenic centers and their processes, center boundaries and paradynamic relationships with the environment. \u0000Keywords: anthropogenic landscape, anthropogenic center, processes, indicators, structure, enviro","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSPECTS OF THE POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREIGN ACTIVE TRAVEL SEGMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PREVIOUS CRISIS EXPERIENCE","authors":"Mykhailo Kollehaiev","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The current pace of recovery of the global tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that the segment of active travel (“Adventure Travel” in the international classification) is the most resilient and adaptive to crises and has shown the most sustainable growth in recent decades (up to 17%). Thus, the segment of adventure tourism (more than 26% of all trips in the world) remains a true locomotive for the development of global tourism. \u0000In Ukraine, the development of this area has experienced fluctuations related to crises of various scales: from the global financial crisis of 2008, the annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the ATO (Anti-Terrorist Operation) in Donbas to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021 and the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in 2022. All these shocks and subsequent changes in the mass character, geography, and structure of the active foreign travel segment revealed certain trends. Analysis of these trends can help determine the prospects for the development of this segment in the post-war period. \u0000The main purpose of the research is to study the development prospects of the foreign active travel segment in Ukraine in the post-war period. \u0000The article shows the background and describes the process of formation of this segment of travel in the period from the 1990s to the early 2000s. The features of the influence of motivational, geographical, and economic factors on the process of its formation in Ukraine are analyzed. It is shown that at this stage, the expansion of the geography of travel was initiated by amateur hikes, the main form of commercial tours was of a hiking type, and the budget segment prevailed in the price gradation of commercial tours. \u0000Since the mid-2000s, the popularity of hiking in foreign countries has sharply increased among Ukrainian tourists. The geography of hiking, climbing, river rafting, and trekking tours has grown to dozens of countries in a few years. The growing number and variety of trips abroad and the steady mass demand for commercial, sports, and amateur foreign active trips in the 2010s led to the formation of a new segment of active foreign travel for Ukraine.  Unmet growth in demand in the period up to 2014 led to progress and expansion of the range of activities of regional tour operators in all price categories of travel. The budget and middle segment prevailed in the price gradation of commercial tours during this period. \u0000The article shows the process of formation of geographic and price segmentation of active tours in the market of proposals. The tendencies of changes in the structure of geographical and price indicators of the market during the crisis periods in Ukraine are analyzed. Based on the example of the main operators in this market segment, the trends in the price structure of demand, mechanisms for adaptation, and recovery of the market during the 2014 crisis are analyzed. \u0000The prospects for the development of the foreign act","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"186 1‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN TERNOPIL TOWN DURING THE SPRING OF 2023","authors":"Anastasiya Serkiz","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the sources of air pollution in Ternopil town. The tendency of change in climatic conditions due to greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles is considered. It has been established that cars are the main source of changes in the atmospheric and ecological state. They produce 72% of pollution, while enterprises in the city produce only 28%. The study revealed a lack of statistical data on pollutant emissions into the city's atmosphere from mobile sources. The decision was made to collect the data on our own and to create the relevant peak load schedules by day of the week. Also, for better understanding, the percentage of transport is illustrated on the example of the central street of Ternopil (Ruska Street). The study found that passenger cars make up the bulk of the traffic flow per day - 89%. The busiest days are Tuesday - 57,912, Monday - 46,464 and Friday - 45,360. The lowest number of cars is observed on weekends, with 27,240 on Saturday and 28,544 on Sunday. According to the Begg's formula, modified by Shapovalov, the average level of carbon monoxide pollution on Ruska Street in the spring of 2023 was 52.95 mg/m³, which exceeds the MPC (5.5 mg/m³) by 10.9 times. We analysed the main works that addressed the problem of air pollution in the town and allowed us to better understand the situation. Attention was paid to this issue in the works of L.V. Yankovska, where the problem of motor transport in Ternopil town is repeatedly raised. N.P. Stetsko in her work «Transport and Technogenic Load on the Air Environment in Ternopil Region» examines in detail the issue of air pollution in Ternopil region. In his work \"Complex green zone of Ternopil town, geoecological principles of sustainable functioning\", I.R. Kuzyk examines the green zone of the city, production of oxygen and assimilation of carbon dioxide. In the work of I.R. Kuzyk is also conducting an analysis of the increase in the share of pollutants in the structure of the city's atmospheric air. \u0000In the current work, the problem of using generators is considered. According to the state customs statistics, during the 11 months of 2022, almost 354,000 generators worth 355 million US dollars were imported into Ukraine. After the massive missile strikes on the Ukrainian power grid, the \"Epicentr\" network reports a 5-7 times increase in demand for generators. It was investigated that in the central part of Ternopil town (according to the schedule of blackouts) in week 1, a gasoline generator produces 0.0476 tons of emissions. Valova Street is taken as an example. Its length is 170 meters, and its width is 8 meters. This is a street with two-sided buildings. On the first floor there are public institutions, on the second - residential apartments. There are 12 generators in this area that work simultaneously for several hours in a row. In addition to the above, the situation regarding the country's car fleet, which is similar for all cities, was analyzed. In particular, atten","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOURIST POTENTIAL OF LVIV REGION AND ITS RESORT SETTLEMENTS","authors":"Iryna Kovalchuk","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism industry and its balneological component is that branch of the economic complex that allows effective utilization of the potential of local resources – landscape, water, biotic, balneological, recreational, ethnographic, architectural, historical and cultural, as well as traditions of the local ethnic group. \u0000The analysis of the tourism sphere of the regions of Ukraine, in particular the Lviv region, is in the field of view of researchers of various departments and universities of the Carpathian-Podilsky region of Ukraine, including the department of tourism of the geography faculty of Ivan Franko Lviv National University. In the works of these scientists, the main attention was paid to the study of factors affecting the development of tourism in the Lviv region, the formation of the specific structure of tourism activity in the region, the characteristics of the prerequisites for the emergence and development of elements of the infrastructure of tourism and its individual types. At the same time, issues of analysis and assessment of the potential and threats to the development of tourism in the Lviv region and its resort settlements remain insufficiently covered. \u0000 The Lviv region is considered one of the richest regions of Ukraine in terms of recreational and medical resources. However, today there are many factors that hold back the development of the tourist potential of resort settlements in the Lviv region. These factors include insufficient level of development of the service industries of the economic complex of the region, insufficient state support for tourism as an economic sector (imperfection of the state regulatory and legal framework, lack of adequate funding of programs, etc.) due to military actions on the territory of the country, inadequate coordination of the activities of urban economic sectors, lack of flexible systems for stimulating investment in tourism, insufficient number of means of accommodation for tourists of various categories, lack of funds for a set of advertising campaigns to promote the tourist product of Lviv region on the international tourist market, etc. \u0000In such conditions, determining the touristic (in particular balneological) potential of resort settlements in the Lviv region, analyzing the factors affecting it, substantiating directions for its rational use is an urgent task that requires further research. \u0000Summing up, we can conclude that it is necessary to develop new tourist routes by resort settlements of the Lviv region to attract more tourists. Given the currently uncertain, but certainly significant damage caused by the Russian invasion, the usual resort development measures may not be enough. Regardless of the recorded positive trend in the development of the tourist industry of Lviv region, its tourist and recreational potential and infrastructural support, the assessment of damages and the construction of an optimal strategy for the development of the tourism sector will require t","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"41 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE STRUCTURE OF THE PIDGORODNYA TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY","authors":"I. Kuzyk, Svitlana Novytska, Lubov Yankovska","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to assess the geo-environmental parameters and optimize the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community. The authors used special methods to determine the anthropogenic load, coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenic transformation of the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community. \u0000The Pidgorodnya territorial community is located in the center of Ternopil region and Ternopil district, covering an area of 123.47 km². The community is home to 7418 people. The Pidgorodnya community was established in 2020 and unites 7 rural settlements, on the basis of which 6 starosta districts and a center in the village of Pidhorodne were created. The soil cover of the study area is among the most fertile soils in the region. There are two rivers and 8 ponds within the community. \u0000The article analyses and geo-ecologically assesses the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya community. It is established that the structure of land use in the study area is dominated by arable land (71%), forests occupy 7%, built-up land - 4%, pastures - 9%, hayfields - 5%, perennial plantations - 3%, land under water and swamps - 1%. The share of natural lands in the community is 27%, and the level of community conservation is 1.1%. The community has created 5 protected areas: a botanical garden, 2 botanical reserves and 2 botanical natural monuments with a total area of 135.5 hectares. \u0000Based on the results of the calculations, the coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community was determined, which is 6,16; the coefficient of ecological stability – 0,28; anthropogenic load score is 3,7 and the coefficient of anthropogenic load – 3,7. According to the results obtained, it was found that the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community is ecologically unstable with an average degree of landscape transformation, and an average degree of anthropogenic pressure. Based on the calculations and results obtained, we can state the need to optimise the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community. \u0000In order to correct and improve the situation and bring the study area to the normative indicators of environmental stability, a number of optimization measures a number of optimization measures should be taken. The article substantiates the optimisation model of land use of the Pidgorodnya territorial community, which provides for a reduction of arable land by 25%, an increase in forest cover by 17%, and bringing the share of natural lands to the optimal level of 50%. Given the landscape features of the study area, we propose to reduce arable land at the expense of low-productive and eroded lands. Thus, the optimised land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community will include 46% arable land, 24% forests, 25% pastures, hayfields and perennial plantations, 4% built-up land, and 1% land under water and marshes. Implementation of this approach requi","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"176 s417","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF POLLUTION OF THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE OF EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS","authors":"Ivan Rudakevych","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the geographical aspects of the pollution of the territory of Ukraine of explosive objects as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war. With the beginning of hostilities, Ukrainian lands became the most mined in the world. The problem of pollution of the territory of Ukraine with explosive objects has not been sufficiently studied by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. One of the reliable sources of information are the reports of various international organizations on this issue, for example, the World Wildlife Fund. According to various estimates, the territory of Ukraine contaminated by explosive objects is from ten percent to a third of the entire area of the country. The special features of the Russian-Ukrainian war are the establishment of significant minefields and remote mining of territories. Pollution of the territory by explosive objects is divided into five types: at the sites of hostilities, as a result of bombings and shelling, ammunition storage sites, lands mined by both sides of the conflict (aggressors and defenders). Significant land areas are contaminated with unexploded shells and bombs, especially Russian ones. Ukrainian territories along the border with Belarus and Russia are also mostly mined in order to protect against a potential invasion from these countries. By September 2022, sappers have examined and removed dangerous objects from only 10% of the territory of Ukraine. On solid minefields in the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine, the process of demining may last several years, provided the war ends. According to the military, more than 10% of the shells fired do not explode in the ground, creating an additional threat to soldiers and civilians. According to approximate estimates, more than 2 million such munitions lie in Ukrainian lands. In addition to projectiles, unexploded aerial bombs, rockets, grenades and other explosive objects were similarly left in the soil layer. On the territory of Ukraine, 18% of the total forested area has also been mined. This article provides examples of the scale of forest pollution by explosive objects on the example of Chernihiv region. In some forestry enterprises (Horodnyansky and Chernihiv forest enterprises) in 2022 more than 80% of their total area was mined. The area of land contaminated by explosive objects has increased significantly after the construction of defense lines by Russian troops and engineers in the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Foreign analysts tentatively named these multi-kilometer defensive fortifications the \"Wagner Line\" (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and the \"Surovikin Line\" (Kherson, Zaporizhzhia regions). THESE linear defense structures combine systems of trenches, embankments, concrete fortifications, underground communications, minefields and other elements. The grouping of the regions of Ukraine according to the degree of their pollution by explosive objects is proposed. The first group includes Ukrainian regi","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"258 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND TYPOLOGY OF URBAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE TERNOPIL REGION","authors":"Liubomyr Tsaryk, P. Tsaryk, Oksana Olyvko, L. Yankovska","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of the development of territorial communities have become particularly relevant at the current stage. Important features of development are the coherence of economic, social and ecological vectors, taking into account the potential of local resources, additional favorable factors: investment, logistics, infrastructure. Within territorial communities, an inventory of the resource base is carried out, investment passports are created, development strategies are developed, existing problems are analyzed and ways of solving them are substantiated. A complex range of tasks is solved at their levels, which requires a certain level of professional training of management personnel, the introduction of effective monitoring of development processes. The authors have published a series of articles devoted to the analysis of the potential of natural resources, problems of environmental development management, imbalanced land use, etc. Consideration of urban territorial communities (MTH) is due to their leading role as centers of development and regional poles of growth. The novelty of this study consists in the analysis of the main economic, social, ecological parameters and factors of perspective development and the typology of urban territorial communities of the Ternopil region. \u0000The authors have published a series of articles devoted to the analysis of the potential of natural resources, the problems of managing ecological development, the imbalance of land use in territorial communities of Ternopil Oblast. Consideration of urban territorial communities (UTC) is due to their leading role as centers of development and regional poles of growth. The novelty of this study consists in the analysis of the main economic, social, ecological parameters and factors of perspective development and the typology of urban territorial communities of the Ternopil region. \u0000The basic indicators of the development of 18 UTC s were collected and analyzed. Thus, indicators of high population density are observed in Ternopil and Chortkivska UTC with a high share of the urban population and insignificant indicators of occupied areas. Indicators of the availability of agricultural land are also the lowest in the above-mentioned UTC s (58% and 60%, respectively). The lowest share of arable land is represented in the Ternopil (38.2%), Berezhan (40%) and Monastyris (42.5%) and Shum (42%) UTC s, the location of the last three being limited to substantially forested mountainous areas. The highest shares of land under forests are concentrated in Berezhanska (33%), Shumska (32%) and Kopychynetska (27.3%) UTC. The opposite indicators are observed in Khorostkivska (1.5%), Lanovetska (5.0%) UTC. \u0000With regard to indicators of economic development of communities, an analysis of the financial capacity of territorial communities was carried out using such parameters as revenues from the general fund of the budget, the level of subsidization of the TG budget, the share of the comm","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"103 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LAWS OF FORMATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTEWATER OF A DAIRY PROCESSING PLANT IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE","authors":"Leonid Bytsyura, Yurii Senyk, Iryna Barna","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The dairy industry has a wide range of processing end products, which can be conventionally divided into liquid, solid and dry products. The first group includes pasteurized milk, cream and fermented milk drinks (kefir, yoghurt, desserts), the second group includes butter and cheese, the third group includes dry milk (whole or skim), proteins of various composition and purity, casein and whey. The wastewater of a dairy factory is the result of various technological and production processes, which vary in time and, accordingly, their products are not discharged simultaneously, which determines the formation of effluents of different compositions and volumes. Industrial wastewater generated at dairy factories is divided into two types: polluted and partly polluted wastewater. Polluted wastewater is produced after cleaning equipment, industrial pipelines, automobile tanks, floors, industrial premise panels, etc. Partly polluted wastewater is produced as a result of the cooling processes of milk and equipment. Both types of wastewater form a common flow that is subject to cleaning, disinfection and discharge into drainage systems or surface water bodies (depending on the chemical composition). \u0000The study of the wastewater composition of a dairy processing plant was divided into two stages. At the first stage, the analysis of mixed phases formed during the production process in each section of the factory was carried out. \u0000The analysis was carried out for one day of production at a dairy factory that processed 496 tons of whole milk, of which 170 tons were used to make whole milk products and cottage cheese, and the rest were used to make butter and casein. At the same time, 1200 m3 of water was used for all production processes, and additional water consumption for auxiliary processes and services amounted to 643 m3, so the total discharge per day was 2000.47 m3. \u0000The next step was to directly analyse the wastewater indicators of the dairy processing plant. To offset the impact of the production process on the composition of dairy wastewater and the volume of manufactured products, we organized sampling every two hours for four days. As a result, 48 points of analysis were obtained, which allowed us to form an objective assessment of the factory’s discharge. \u0000As a result of the research, the regularities and sources of formation of wastewater were established, and the chemical composition of wastewater from a dairy processing plant in the Western region of Ukraine was experimentally determined. The results obtained allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The formation of the total runoff is caused by both technological and related processes, which include sudden emissions of highly polluted wastewater with a high concentration of major pollutants, the use of different volumes of water for technological processes, and different volumes and composition of wastewater during the day. Therefore, to correctly assess the composition of a dairy factory","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INNOVATIONS IN TOURISM","authors":"Olesia Dolynska, Inna 24. Shorobura, Olena Binytska","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism has evolved significantly in recent years, driven by advancements in technology, changing consumer preferences, and a growing awareness of the need for sustainable and responsible travel. Innovative tourism represents a dynamic and transformative sector with vast potential. This essay explores the prospects for the development of innovative tourism and its role in shaping the future of travel. Innovations in technology have been at the forefront of the tourism industry's transformation. The advent of the internet, smartphones, and apps has revolutionized the way travelers plan, book, and experience their journeys. Virtual reality and augmented reality are enhancing pre-trip experiences, allowing travelers to “preview” destinations. Moreover, block chain technology is enhancing security and transparency in bookings and transactions. The prospects for further technological innovations are promising. Artificial intelligence can personalize travel recommendations, making them more relevant to individual preferences. The Internet of Things can enable smart and connected destinations, enhancing convenience for tourists. As 5G networks become more widespread, real-time translation services and immersive experiences will become more accessible, changing how tourists engage with their surroundings.Sustainable and Responsible Tourism: \u0000Innovative tourism places a strong emphasis on sustainability and responsible practices. Travelers are increasingly conscious of their ecological footprint and seek eco-friendly options. Eco-tourism, community-based tourism, and wildlife conservation programs are gaining traction. Eco-friendly accommodations, transportation alternatives, and renewable energy sources are becoming standard offerings. The prospects for sustainable tourism are encouraging. As climate change becomes a pressing concern, the tourism industry has an opportunity to lead by example. Innovations like electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles, sustainable architectural designs, and green energy solutions are driving the industry towards a more sustainable future. Responsible tourism practices are essential for preserving the world's natural and cultural treasures. \u0000Authentic and Experiential Travel: Modern travelers are seeking more meaningful and immersive experiences. They desire connections with local cultures, traditions, and people. As a result, the prospects for authentic and experiential travel are bright. Innovative tourism encourages travelers to participate in hands-on experiences, such as cooking classes, artisan workshops, and cultural exchanges. Tourism has embraced the sharing economy, with platforms like Airbnb and local experience marketplaces, allowing travelers to live like locals. This trend is expected to grow, leading to more diversified and personalized travel experiences. As tourists increasingly seek unique and transformative experiences, destinations must adapt to meet these evolving demands. Health and wellness tourism has","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"65 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCIENTIFIC, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM OF THE NATIONAL NATURE PARK \"PODILSK TOVTRY\"","authors":"Olexandr Lubynskyi, Ihor Kasiianyk, Lubov Kasiianyk, Ruslan Yakubash, Nataliia Yatsemirska","doi":"10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The publication highlights the scientific, theoretical and practical aspects of the development of ecotourism within the National Nature Park \"Podilsky Tovtry\". The territory of the National Park \"Podilskyi Tovtry\" is a reference territory for regional studies of the development of ecotourism, thanks to the peculiarities of the nature management system, the available resource potential and the strong demand of the domestic tourist market for innovative tourist products and formats of recreational activities. \u0000Ecotourism originated and is developing in the world's specially protected natural territories, which have the appropriate resource potential. Ecotourism is an integrating direction of recreational activities aimed at harmonizing relations between tourists, tour operators, the natural environment and local communities, which is realized through the greening of all types of tourist activities, nature protection, environmental education and upbringing. Tourists are primarily attracted to ecologically clean regions, where they can fully relax and get emotional satisfaction from communicating with nature. \u0000The feasibility of the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine is determined not only by economic factors - the creation of new jobs, the development of local communities in remote regions, but also by social needs - the desire of the population for a more holistic and systematic approach, to the problems of health care and the use of free time. According to the experts of the World Tourism Organization, ecological tourism has become the most popular in the last ten years and is one of the tools of sustainable development of any state. \u0000Ecological tourism is implemented primarily in the territories of national natural parks, nature reserves, sanctuaries, and natural monuments. There is an administrative, scientific, and executive staff capable of competently organizing recreational activities, providing environmental education for tourists, calculating the maximum permissible loads in this area, organizing monitoring of the state of recreational areas, etc. Opportunities for the development of ecological tourism in specially protected areas in different regions of the world have significant differences. In today's realities of the development of the world economy, each country strives to maintain the ratio of its technical and economic development with a share of the territory that is specially protected. Protection of 10-15% of its territory is considered optimal for the well-being of the country. \u0000The main legal, socio-economic, resource and infrastructural development conditions and their regional features are revealed. In particular, the legal conditions for the development of ecotourism as a component of recreation on the territory of the National Park determine the principle possibility and formats of its development, as well as its priority compared to other types of nature use. The analysis of the existing specialized ecotourism o","PeriodicalId":330862,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}