The Journal of international studies最新文献

{"title":"Structural equation model with partial least square (SEM-PLS) of place dependence with land used change","authors":"G. Prayitno, M. Ahari, W. Rukmi","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/11","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of land conversion continues to increase due to the rise in population, thereby increasing the demand for housing and other facilities rapidly. The attachment of population to a place creates a special relationship with the surrounding environment. Place dependence is defined as a form of population attachment to a place in terms of functional dimensions, in such a way that it provides benefits for people to meet their needs. The existence of this attachment is expected to affect a person's decision regarding land conversion. This study aims to determine the relationship between population place dependence and land conversion (decision change or not). The data were empirically obtained from 500 households that owned land in the sub-district of Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) partial least square analysis technique. The existence of this place dependence is expected to affect a person's land conversion decision.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129692263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment in Croatia: Insights into the past and the future","authors":"V. Draskovic, Justin Pupavac, Milica Delibasic, Leszek Kołtun","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the movement of GDP and the employment in Croatia (CRO). The objective of this paper is to give an estimate on the number of employees needed in the following period as well as possibilities to find workers, having in mind the negative demographic trends. The hypothesis indicates that there is a significant correlation between GDP movement and total employment as well as weak but positive correlation between GDP movement and unemployment. Numerous scientific methods, among which are the methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of descriptive statistics and the method of mathematical modelling, have been applied to achieve the goal of this research. The main result of this work leads to the Received: January, 2020 1st Revision: December, 2020 Accepted: March, 2021 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2021/14-1/8 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2021 © CSR, 2021 Journal of International Studies Vol.14, No.1, 2021 118 conclusion that human resources will become the limiting factor for economic growth in the future. Therefore, economic policy measures should be taken in order to change the detected negative trends while forming the demographic capital of the country.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the relationship between provincial foreign direct investment and economic growth: An empirical study in Indonesia","authors":"Bryna Meivitawanli","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/17","url":null,"abstract":"The government of Indonesia has exerted a great deal of effort in attracting foreign investments into the country. The benefits of FDI are widely recognized, especially for developing countries, such as Indonesia. However, empirical studies have shown somewhat conflicting results. Many argued that FDI positively influences economic growth while others found otherwise. Therefore, this research seeks to determine the relationship between inward FDI and economic growth in Indonesia using panel data on the provinces from 2008 to 2017. Three absorptive capacities are included into the models. The models are tested using the random/fixed effects model and system GMM to tackle the endogeneity problem. The relationship between FDI and economic growth was found to be negative using both methodologies when the interaction term of FDI and human capital is introduced into the equation. The results are insignificant when the interaction term of FDI and human capital is excluded. This is against commonly held belief regarding FDI. The results of this research pose serious concerns for the government. It shows that strategies that are not based on empirical research might be misleading and harming the economy.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value at risk estimation of the SET50 index: Comparison between stock exchange of Thailand and Thailand futures exchange","authors":"W. Jongadsayakul","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/16","url":null,"abstract":"Value at Risk (VaR) is the most widely used measure of risk. This study uses SET50 daily returns from the period from July 3, 2015 to December 27, 2019 to estimate VaR for the assessment of risk exposure at the Stock Exchange of Thailand and Thailand Futures Exchange using the three following methods: non-parametric method with the historical simulation approach, parametric method with GARCH family models, and semi-parametric method with volatility-weight historical simulation of the GARCH family models. Accuracy of the estimated models is also assessed by performing the VaR backtests of unconditional coverage, independence, and conditional coverage. In forecasting VaR with the confidence level of 95%, historical simulation and asymmetric GARCH models (TARCH and EGARCH models) give solid results and outrank volatility weight historical simulation. Moreover, a comparison of stock investments with a correlation to the performance of SET50 Index and SET50 Index Futures investment indicates that SET50 Index Futures investment carries higher risk. Therefore, investment decisions on SET50 Index Futures should be taken more carefully since this market is more volatile than the underlying spot market.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129398926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illegal activities of financial intermediaries: A burden of trust crisis","authors":"M. Brychko, T. Savchenko, T. Vasylieva, Paweł Piotrowski","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/12","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the explication of structural and functional relations, a scientifically methodical approach to modeling the relationship between financial intermediaries' illegal activities, the trust crisis in the financial sector, and its deformations have been developed. Based on the construction and analysis of the relevant structural equations, it has been empirically confirmed that the probability of financial intermediaries' involvement in shadow transactions increases with the aggravation of the trust crisis in the financial sector. Using the tools of the structural equations modeling, a mediator analysis was performed, Received: April, 2020 1st Revision: June, 2020 Accepted: March, 2021 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2021/14-1/12 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2021 © CSR, 2021 Maryna Brychko, Taras Savchenko, Tetiana Vasylieva, Paweł Piotrowski Illegal activities of financial intermediaries: A burden of trust crisis 173 the results of which confirmed the hypothesis that the financial sectors’ trust crisis contributes to the degeneration of financial institutions and markets with regard to their depth, access, security and efficiency, which, accordingly, results in higher shadow transactions involving financial intermediaries.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129202931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between investments in innovation and SME competitiveness in the peripheral regions","authors":"A. Lewandowska","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/20","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000 (The Lisbon Strategy), the discussion about the possible interactions between investments in innovation and competitiveness has become increasingly essential. Enterprises differ substantially with regard to their innovation activities, competitiveness and performance: size, sector, type of investment together determine their innovation activities. The main aim of this study is to analyze the roles of investments in innovation and how investments influence SME competitiveness in a peripheral region in Poland. The author investigates the effects of innovation activities among small and medium but also micro firms. The research was based on the data drawn from CATIs carried out among 808 firms (410 innovative and 398 non-innovative ones). To determine statistically significant differences between the variables of innovative and noninnovative companies, the logistic regression method was implemented. The research results show that among SMEs in the peripheral regions, not every type of investment affects competitiveness. The greatest dependence is demonstrated by the expenditures on machinery and equipment, on marketing activities, on intellectual property protection, and on training. The study also shows the existence of negative factors, the increase in which leads to a reduction in competitiveness level. Moreover, an innovative company which invests in innovation increases the chance of improving competitiveness more than a noninnovative company which invests in innovation.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124252762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of tax gap on macroeconomic stability: Assessment using panel VEC approach","authors":"O. Lyulyov, S. Lyeonov, I. Tiutiunyk, Joanna Podgórska","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/10","url":null,"abstract":"Imperfect tax legislation, high levels of corruption, and shadow economy lead to the deterioration of macroeconomic situation and economic imbalances in the countries. The state’s actual tax revenues’ inconsistency to its potential opportunities becomes the most acute problem for many countries. These processes cause a reduction in budget revenues due to the formation of tax gaps. The research aims to establish the causal links between tax gaps in the main types of taxes and the macroeconomic stability level. A comparative analysis of the theoretical basis for assessing the macroeconomic stability shows that to the greatest extent the requirement to ensure the reliable comparisons of different countries and achieve the main goals of a stabilization policy is possible using the concept of the macroeconomic stability pentagon. The article considers the basic version of this concept (developed by G. Kolodko) and its modifications. The Received: April, 2020 1st Revision: February, 2021 Accepted: March, 2021 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2021/14-1/10 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2021 © CSR, 2021 Journal of International Studies Vol.14, No.1, 2021 140 authors have found that taxpayers often resort to various understatement schemes of their VAT and customs duties out of all indirect taxes. The volume of tax gaps for value added tax is calculated in the research. An empirical study on the causal relationships of tax gaps on value added tax and macroeconomic stability is carried out in the following logical sequence: determining the order of series integration using single root tests (ADF, IPS, LLC); evaluation of series cointegration by means of panel tests (Pedroni and Kao), determination of the strength and direction of the causal relationship between the series based on a dynamic approach (VEC model). The findings on the volume of tax gaps by major types of taxes and their causal links with the macroeconomic stability level may become targets for the organization’s legal regulation over paying taxes to the state budget.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"38 10S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal funding determinants of R&D expenditures for U.S. mature firms","authors":"M. Tvaronavičienė, Arūnas Burinskas","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/19","url":null,"abstract":"Since research and development (R&D) investment identified as the main factor for economic development in contemporary endogenous models, many studies investigated the determinants of such investment. Though there is no disagreement that internal financing sources are vital for R&D expenditures (at least for matured firms), there are still ongoing discussions as to which of them takes priority: revenue or cash flows. This paper analyses the impact of firms’ revenue and cash flow on R&D expenditures by employing a dynamic linear model. Also, we use the Vector Error Correction Model to test the variance composition. Our research confirms that, in the beginning, positive revenue dynamics serve as the most critical signal for business to invest in R&D activity. However, later profit that firms earn comes to the first place in the ladder of their motivation.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial distress prediction in Slovakia: An application of the CART algorithm","authors":"M. Durica, J. Frnda, Lucia Švábová","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/14","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of predicting financial distress situation has been of interest to many economists and scientists from around the world for several years. As it turned out in practice, the application of existing prediction models to predict the financial difficulties of Slovak companies brings lower prediction accuracy, as these models were created in the conditions of another country. Therefore, the main aim of the article is to create the model for the prediction of the financial distress of the Slovak companies, based on the real conditions of Slovak economics. For this analysis, a dataset of the most important financial ratios that may affect the financial health of the Slovak companies was obtained from the Amadeus database, containing the data on more than 100,000 real companies operating in the Slovak economy in the period 2016 to 2018. For the creation of the models for the prediction of the financial distress of companies one year and Received: July, 2020 1st Revision: December, 2020 Accepted: March, 2021 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2021/14-1/14 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2021 © CSR, 2021 Journal of International Studies Vol.14, No.1, 2021 202 two years in advance, the CART algorithm generating the binomial decision tree was used. The developed models achieve an overall accuracy of 87.3% and 91.9% and are very simple to the real application. The results from this prediction are important not only for companies themselves but also for all their stakeholders, as they could help the company to mitigate or eliminate the threat of financial distress and the other corporate risks related to such a situation in the company.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124026190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOMINASI KONSEP IDENTITAS NEGARA-BANGSA TERHADAP IDENTITAS AGAMA DALAM HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL","authors":"Mirah Satria Alamsyah, Miftah Farid Darussalam","doi":"10.25077/AJIS.9.2.%P.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/AJIS.9.2.%P.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a nation-state fades the structure of a state based on identity. The ideational identity unity which used to be the basis of political groups turned to the identification of material nature, namely government, territory, population and recognition of other countries based on the concept of nation-state. Thus, the formation of a nation-state focused on the desire to join and the completeness of the requirements to establish oneself as a state. As such, setting aside identity equality is accompanied by the creation of a new identity as a nation-state. Religious identity is one aspect that is sidelined by the enactment of the nation-state system. We argue that the behavior of a nation-state can no longer be identified based on the religious identity it has. Because the nation-state becomes an identity whose role is more dominant than religious identity in encouraging the behavior of a country. This paper aims to see the relevance of religious identity in the midst of the enactment of the nation-state identity in the study of international relations. By focusing on proving the strengthening of the nation-state identity and waning religious identity in encouraging state behavior. The discussion will be carried out through a constructivist approach by seeing how the nation-state is constructed as an identity that has the ability to drive the behavior of the nation-state over religious identity.","PeriodicalId":330787,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of international studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}