Juvenis Scientia最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Case of Bronchogenic Cyst in a Newborn Baby","authors":"A.A. Nartova, M. Oppedizano, A. S. Chepelev, V. A. Galichina, E. Timofeev","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_43-50","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital anomaly of the formation of the pulmonary germ, a thin–walled formation filled with thick contents, which distinguishes it from aerial bronchial cysts. Clinically, a bronchogenic cyst can manifest itself as obstructive respiratory failure, swallowing disorders, and lead to recurrent purulent-­inflammatory processes. In this article, we present a clinical case of bronchogenic cyst in a newborn child, detected during pregnancy at the 2nd ultrasound screening and successfully operated on as planned. A 5-day-old boy was transferred to a surgical hospital for surgical treatment of cystic formation of the left lung S10 with dimensions 16.0×12.0×15.0 mm; the cyst contents were homogeneous, corresponding to the fluid. Surgical treatment was performed — the formation was separated from the parietal pleura and sent to the pathology department for histological examination. No complications were observed in the postoperative period. The macroscopically studied object was a three-­dimensional formation of gray-red color with a bluish tinge of irregular shape, dull, with a dark red fine sprinkling. A thin-walled cavity filled with cloudy jelly-like contents was determined on the incision. Microscopic description — a cyst lined with ciliated epithelium, partially flattened to cubic due to dystrophic changes, subepithelial islets of mature cartilage tissue and small groups of mucous glands. Thus, a bronchogenic cyst was morphologically verified. Differential diagnosis of bronchogenic cysts from inflammatory lung diseases (tuberculosis, abscess) with untimely diagnosis in the absence of clinical manifestations is practically impossible without histological examination. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis and morphological examination of the surgical material are crucial.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden and Predictors of Early Sexual Initiation among School-Going Adolescents in Rural Settlements in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Harold, K. Okpara, A.I. Harold","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_31-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_31-42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Early sexual initiation is the art of initiating sexual activity before age 15. This study aimed to identify the burden and predictors of early sexual initiation among school-­going adolescents in rural settlements in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods. A cross-­sectional study was conducted among 420 school-­going senior secondary school adolescents of coeducational schools aged 15–19 from May 2023 to September 2023. A multi-­stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents from four senior secondary coeducational schools. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-­assisted questionnaire. Frequency tables were generated and Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of early sexual initiation at a 5% level of significance. Results. The mean age of respondents was 15.7 ± 0.8 years. The mean age at early sexual initiation was 12.2 ± 1.2 years. The burden of early sexual initiation and ever-had sex among the respondents was 46% and 54.8% respectively with poor academic performance, school dropout, STI infection, pregnancy, and HIV infection experienced as outcomes of first sexual initiation among the respondents. The statistically significant predictors of early sexual initiation were adolescents having worked for pay, currently working for pay, and adolescents’ age at first sexual partner (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.6–12.7; P = 0.004, OR = 6.6; 95% CI = 1.9–23.7; P = 0.003 and OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.3–7.2; P = 0.009). Conclusion. Sexuality education and programmes aimed at encouraging school-­going adolescents to delay first-sex initiation should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Dynamics of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors for Their Development in Individuals with a History of Long-Term Work Under the Influence of Noise","authors":"M. D. Rudoi, V. V. Troshin, E. Makarova","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_19-30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In this study, we aimed to identify the features of the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors for its development in individuals who have worked under the influence of noise for a long time. Patients and Methods. 56 archival case histories of patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss and 47 outpatient records of patients who worked in relative silence were studied. CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in dynamics. Results. The groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of smoking, obesity and burdened heredity. In patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, total cholesterol exceeded the upper limit of normal and the level in the comparison group, and was, respectively, 5.6 ± 1.2 mmol/l and 5.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.046) at the first visit and 5.6 ± 1.1 mmol/l and 5.2 ± 1.1 mmol/l at the last visit (p = 0.037). Hypertension was the leader in the structure of CVD in both groups. In individuals with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, the total number of cases of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher, both at the first (5 and 0 cases, respectively, p = 0.04) and at the last visit (14 and 3 cases, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusion. Individuals who have worked in noise for a long time have an increased cardiovascular risk by the time occupational hearing loss is established. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism presumably represent a main contribution to the formation of this risk. At the same time, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are more often detected among individuals who worked in noise than among those who worked in relative silence.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myricetin as a Promising Flavonoid with Multitargeted Biological Activity","authors":"A. Chiriapkin","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_1_5-18","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenolic compounds are widely represented in objects of plant origin and have diverse types of biological activity. Since ancient times, the beneficial effect of various galenic preparations on human health has been known, and they acted as almost the only source of treatment for various diseases and improvement of well-being. The major components of many herbal medicines are flavonoids, which are represented by both individual structures and related carbohydrate components. One of the widely represented flavonoids in plants is myricetin. This molecule belongs to one of the most hydroxylated compounds and has a wide range of therapeutic possibilities. This modern review summarizes the latest information on myricetin’s antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, antitumor, hepatoprotective activity and its effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. From the latest results of studying the biological activity of myricetin, it is obvious that the polyphenolic compound is a promising substance for the prevention and complex therapy of various diseases. It should be noted that myricetin can be considered as a potential candidate for the targeted design of new substances with more pronounced pharmacological effects. In addition, the flavonoid finds application in various biologically active additives and food products, which expands the prospects of its research.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Allergic Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","authors":"K.E. Erlanova, N.A. Kemelbekova, M.R. Izmailovich, B.S. Koshkarbayeva, O.Yu. Dedova, A.V. Skvortsova, A.I. Umirbaeva, G.Z. Abdushukurova, K.F. Tanriverdiev","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_5-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_5-19","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is another pandemic on Earth, which is inexorably gaining momentum. The World Health Organization has called the XXI century the “century of allergy”. An increase in morbidity is recorded everywhere (up to 40 % of patients), every third inhabitant of the planet suffers from allergic rhinitis and every tenth — from asthma. Currently, it is known that allergic reactions are observed in 0.2–20.4 % of patients with coronavirus infection. Allergic symptoms in those infected with coronavirus manifest themselves in different ways and can serve as markers of the severity of the disease. This article provides information about the possible impact of coronavirus infection on the course of the most common allergic conditions, such as bronchial asthma and urticaria. The search for publications was carried out in Russian and English in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru and “CyberLeninka” from January 1, 2019 to April 1, 2023, using keywords: “bronchial asthma”, “urticaria”, “COVID-19”, “coronavirus infection”. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 29 studies have been included in the review. The results of a systematic analysis of the literature are presented, with a description of the pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical aspects. The data obtained can serve as a basis for a more in-depth understanding of the role of atopy as a premorbid background for infectious diseases during a pandemic.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Operative Urology","authors":"S.V. Popov, R.G. Guseynov, K.V. Sivak, V.V. Perepelitsa","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_31-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_31-44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, the question of the need for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) during urological operations remains debatable due to the insufficiency of the database that would prove the expediency of mandatory use of PAP to prevent the development of infectious complications in the surgical treatment of urological diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis on the frequency of febrile temperature, leukocytosis, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, and bacteriuria after various urological interventions. Patients and methods. Method of the study was the analysis of the occurrence of febrile temperature, leukocytosis, increased serum concentration of C-reactive protein, and bacteriuria in the early period after various urological interventions (n=1518) performed in men and women from group 1 (n=753) using perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (ceftriaxone administered intravenously one hour before the beginning of the intervention (before the incision) at the usual therapeutic dose, equal to 2 g) or without the use of PAP in patients from group 2 (n=765) at the Department of Urology of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital. Results. In urological patients treated surgically, the appearance in the early postoperative period of bacteriuria, febrile temperature, leukocytosis, and elevated serum CRP levels was observed only in isolated cases with a frequency of occurrence that did not statistically significantly differ between group 1, where patients were injected intravenously with 2 grams of ceftriaxone 1 hour before the operation, and group 2, the participants of which did not receive PAP. In both groups, the results of the study were not affected by the duration of the intervention and the history of diseases contributing to the development of infectious complications (diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, COPD, obesity). Conclusion. Apparently, the question of indications for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgical treatment of patients with various diseases of the urological profile remains open, and further research in this direction is relevant.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"981 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenoleukodystrophy/Adrenomyeloneuropathy and Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction. A Review","authors":"N.V. Khudyakova, I.Yu. Pchelin, A.N. Shishkin, O.V. Soloviev, V.V. Smirnov","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_20-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_20-30","url":null,"abstract":"One of the conditions associated with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) / adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). A thorough examination of patients with ALD/AMN in most cases can reveal overactive bladder (OAB), which often remains undiagnosed because its clinical manifestations are underestimated against the background of numerous neurologic symptoms. In addition, in some cases, urologic symptomatology is the first sign of ALD/AMN that prompts the urologist to consider further evaluation of the patient. In this case, the urologist can play a significant role in the patient’s life, as timely diagnosis and treatment of ALD/AMN improve disease outcomes and reduce the likelihood of complications of ALD/AMN-associated conditions. To date, there are few studies devoted to the understanding of LUTD in ALD/AMN. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on OAB in patients with ALD/AMN.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"41 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially fatal cerebral venous sinus thrombosis followed by a hemorrhagic stroke in a vaccinated patient: Do not rule out COVID-19 as a reason","authors":"M.K. Mishra, A. Sahu","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_5_45-52","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Majority of strokes are ischemic and up to 1/3rd ischemic strokes have infective etiology. In this post-pandemic era, SARS-CoV-2 is an established infectious agent which can precipitate it by various mechanisms. Though post-vaccination incidence of COVID-19 has dropped drastically, still new cases get reported with typical or atypical presentations. Irrespective of causation, malignant cerebral edema in stroke necessitates salvage neurosurgery. Hereby authors present an interesting diagnostic chase in a young female who presented in altered sensorium, underwent emergency decompressive craniectomy and neurologically recovered over subsequent days. Despite being double vaccinated, she developed potentially fatal COVID-encephalitis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), ischemic infarcts and hemorrhagic transformation. Suprisingly, there were cross reacting antibodies against antigens of herpes simplex virus (HSV), leptospira and cytomegalovirus (CMV) yielding false positivity on serology screening test, which spoofed us while carrying out infectious disease work up of stroke.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"29 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"11-dehydrothromboxane B2 as a marker of acetylsalicylic acid resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease","authors":"K.Yu. Lukianets, I.Yu. Pchelin","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_42-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_42-52","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) resistance is the inability to reduce thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets and inhibit platelets activation and aggregation while taking ASA. Assessment of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dhTxB2) levels is one of the methods to identify aspirin resistance. Our research aimed to investigate whether urinary 11-dhTxB2 levels and other clinical and laboratory parameters are associated with a history of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. Patients and methods. In a cross-­sectional study we investigated 82 patients with stable coronary artery disease who took ASA at doses of 75–150 mg/day. We used the evaluation of the urinary 11-dhTxB2 levels standardized by creatinine as a method to identify aspirin resistance. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-­Whitney U-test, ROC-analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results. The medians of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 level in patients with and without MACE were 587.8 (Q1-Q3 512.8–800.3) pg/mg creatinine and 438.3 (Q1–Q3 337.6–577.9) pg/mg creatinine, respectively (p=0.001). The threshold level of urinary 11-dhTxB2, which predicted a high risk of aspirin resistance, was 521.1 pg/mg creatinine, and in 36 (43.9 %) patients the concentration of the 11-dhTxB2 exceeded this level. The regression model characterising the dependence of the presence of a history of MACE was constructed. It included platelet count, urinary levels of 11-dhTxB2 and the presence of type 2 diabetes. Sensitivity and specificity of the model were 55 % and 88.9 %, respectively. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that the antiplatelet effect of aspirin is weaker in stable coronary artery disease patients with a history of MACE than in those without a history of MACE.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genesis of Dyspnea in Patients After COVID-19","authors":"T.D. Pozdnyakova, D.S. Sukhanov, V.A. Isakov, A.L. Korshunova","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_5-17","url":null,"abstract":"Post-COVID syndrome is an actual problem at the present time. The shortness of breath is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients. Dyspnea is one of the most significant disabling symptoms that negatively affect the quality of life of patients. The causes and mechanisms for the development of dyspnea in the post-COVID period are varied. In particular, one of the main causes of dyspnea is fibrosis-like and fibrous changes in the. Fatigue and / or muscle weakness, in particular of the respiratory muscles, can also be the cause of dyspnea. Direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of skeletal muscles, drug-induced myopathy, prolonged immobilization of hospitalized patients may also result in muscle weakness. Increased risks of thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) after COVID-19, creating conditions for the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, represent another factors for the development of shortness of breath. In patients with no abnormalities in blood gases or any other parameters that assess the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, hyperventilation syndrome can be the cause of dyspnea. Thus, studying pathogenetic and molecular mechanisms of dyspnea development is an urgent problem, due to the need for specialists to choose the right tactics and select effective drugs and non-drug therapy for managing patients with this complaint.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}