Juvenis Scientia最新文献

{"title":"Indicators of endothelial dysfunction and the rate of thrombotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different periods after COVID-19","authors":"A.V. Alieva","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_35-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_35-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Damage to the vascular endothelium and hypercoagulation are two of the main causes of post-­COVID-19 complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate endothelial dysfunction and thrombotic complications at different periods after COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods. We conducted a cross-­sectional study of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who applied for inpatient treatment at the RSSPMCE clinic (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) in the period from 3 to 24 months after the acute period of COVID-19. The following laboratory parameters were assessed: fibrinogen, INR, APTT, D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). Results. Despite normal or near-normal INR, APTT and fibrinogen levels, many patients had elevated levels of D-dimer (41.4 % of cases), von Willebrand factor (27.6 % of cases) and vascular cell molecules up to 24 months after infection. The concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not have statistically significant correlations with the degree of compensation of diabetes mellitus (HbA1c level). At various times after COVID-19, cases of ischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome and thrombosis affecting the cavernous sinus and upper extremities were recorded. Conclusion. Taking into account the results obtained, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after SARS-CoV-2 infection require careful monitoring, and, in addition to assessing standard coagulation parameters, determining the level of cell adhesion molecules may have diagnostic value.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Treatment of Cardiac Patients: Approaches to Assessment, Ways to Increase and Prognostic Value","authors":"A.A. Kholkina, V.A. Isakov, E.V. Timofeev","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_18-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_4_18-34","url":null,"abstract":"Adherence to treatment is understood as a complex model of the patient’s behavior in relation to their health, implemented in the degree of compliance of such behavior with respect to the recommendations received from the doctor regarding medications, self-control algorithms, diet and other lifestyle change measures. Adherence can be assessed by determining drug metabolites in body fluids (blood, urine) and using various questionnaires. At the same time, an important role in increasing adherence to therapy is assigned to the attending physician, without contact with which most patients make an independent decision to stop taking all or some of the prescribed drugs or to make an unreasonable correction of their dosages. Among the factors influencing the decrease in adherence to treatment of cardiac patients are the patient’s misunderstanding of their disease and the expected effects of therapy, fears of undesirable effects of therapy, a low level of motivation, a tendency towards forgetfulness and some others. Comorbidity and related polypharmacy also contribute to non-adherence, especially multiple drugs are prescribed simultaneously by various specialists — therapists, endocrinologists, urologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists. At the same time, there is a clear increase in undesirable consequences (repeated hospitalizations due to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events) in non-adherent patients 6 months after the previous coronary event and a significantly higher risk a year later. Increasing adherence to treatment is the task of medical workers, starting from the inpatient stage of treatment (clear recommendations noted in the discharge documents), followed by the support of outpatient doctors, explaining the need to take certain medications, and ending with monitoring the execution of medical prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","authors":"Светлана Николаевна Лагутина, П.А. Чижков, Анна Александровна Зуйкова, Е.Ю. Есина, Ирина Сергеевна Добрынина, О.С. Скуратова, М.Ю. Сыромятников","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Введение. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника (ВЗК) занимают лидирующие позиции в структуре заболеваний желудочно-­кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), так как являются прогрессирующей хронической патологией с аутоиммунным типом воспаления. Изменение показателей микробиоты кишечника может определять морфологические изменения на латентном этапе заболевания. Цель исследования. Оценка родо-видового биоразнообразия микробиоты у пациентов с ВЗК. Пациенты и методы. Выполнено секвенирование 16S рРНК микробиоты кишечника у 15 пациентов с подтвержденным язвенным колитом (ЯК) и 20 здоровых лиц, которые являлись контрольной группой. Проведен анализ показателей общего анализа крови и уровня С-реактивного белка (СРБ). Для статистического анализа использовали программы Microsoft Excel и Statistica. Результаты. Среди исследуемых лабораторных показателей у пациентов с ВЗК было отмечено значительное увеличение уровня СРБ, лейкоцитов и нейтрофилов по сравнению с группой контроля. В результате секвенирования кишечной микробиоты у пациентов с ВЗК выявлено снижение нормобиоты, а также увеличение содержания представителей патогенного кластера. Заключение. Выявлено снижение биоразнообразия микробиоты у пациентов с ВЗК по сравнению с группой контроля. Также наблюдалось значимое изменение патогенного кластера и дисбаланс представителей Bacteroidetes и Firmicutes.\u0000 Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occupy a leading position in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as they are a progressive chronic pathology with an autoimmune type of inflammation. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota can determine morphological changes at the latent stage of the disease. Aim of the study. To assess the genus-­species biodiversity of the microbiota in patients with IBD. Patients and methods. 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota was performed in 15 patients with confirmed ulcerative colitis (UC) and 20 healthy controls. The parameters of the full blood count and the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica software. Results. Among the studied laboratory parameters in patients with IBD, there was a significant increase in CRP, leukocyte and neutrophil counts compared to the control group. Sequencing of the gut microbiota showed a decrease in the normobiota, as well as an increase in the representatives of the pathogenic cluster. Conclusion. In the present study, we demonstrated a decrease in the biodiversity of the gut microbiota in patients with IBD compared to the control group, a significant change in the pathogenic cluster, and an imbalance between the representatives of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins as a Biomarker of Glomerulopathies","authors":"А.А. Чурко, А.Ш. Румянцев","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_42-50","url":null,"abstract":"Введение. Повышение уровня легких цепи иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови может рассматриваться в качестве биомаркеров активности основного заболевания и возможной мишени для новых методов лечения. Целью нашего исследования было определение уровня пСЛЦ при различных пролиферативных и непролиферативных гломерулопатиях Пациенты и методы. Обследованы 97 пациентов с хронической болезнью почек, среди них 51 мужчина и 46 женщин, средний возраст 47,5±14,6 лет. У всех обследуемых диагноз гломерулопатии был подтвержден морфологически. Уровень пСЛЦ сыворотки крови определяли методом «Freelite» («Binding Site Ltd», Великобритания). Результаты. Пролиферативные гломерулопатии были выявлены у 46 пациентов, непролиферативные — у 51. Уровень СЛЦ-каппа в сыворотке крови составил в первой группе 38,8 (18,7–61,0) мг/л, во второй — 21,7 (13,6–33,1) мг/л, р=0,003. Уровень СЛЦ-лямбда в сыворотке крови составил в первой группе 34,68 (23,1–56,4) мг/л, во второй — 25,4 (19,5–31,9) мг/л, р=0,005. В целом референсные значения для СЛЦ-каппа и СЛЦ-лямбда были превышены соответственно у 65% и 54% пациентов. Независимо от формы гломерулопатии статистически значимых взаимосвязей между пСЛЦ и традиционными показателями системного воспаления (СОЭ, С-реактивный белок) и долей полностью склерозированных клубочков выявлено не было. Заключение. Уровень пСЛЦ в сыворотке крови в основном отражает активность локального тканевого иммунного воспаления, которое поддерживается активацией В-лимфоцитов.\u0000 Introduction. Light chains of immunoglobulins are not only structural elements of immunoglobulins of all classes, but can become independent units of immuno-­mediated inflammatory reactions. Serum polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) are also found in a certain amount in practically healthy people. It has been shown that an increase in their serum levels can be considered as biomarkers of the activity of the underlying disease and a possible target for new treatment methods. There has been no extensive study of the role of pFLC in the pathogenesis of diseases unrelated to plasma cell diseases. The aim of our study was to determine the level of pFLC in various proliferative and non-proliferative glomerulopathies. Patients and methods. 97 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined, among them 51 men and 46 women, average age 47.5±14.6 years. The diagnosis of glomerulopathy was confirmed morphologically in all the subjects. The serum level of pFLC was determined by the “Freelite” method (“Binding Site Ltd”, UK). The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the “2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine” formula. Results. Proliferative glomerulopathies were detected in 46 patients, non-proliferative — in 51. The level of pFLC-kappa in the blood serum in the first group was 38.8 (18.7–61.0) mg/l, in the second — 21.7 (13.6–33.1) mg/l, p=0.003. The level of pFLC-lambda in the blood serum in the first group was 34.68 (23.1–56.4) mg/l, in the second — 25.4 (19.5–31.9) mg/l, p=0.005. In gener","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43097847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Morphological Study of Wilms’ Tumor in Young Children","authors":"М.М.А. Нгуба, Х.А.М. Ал, А.А. Агафонникова, А.С. Чепелев, В. Кондратьев Г, Евгений Владимирович Тимофеев","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_12-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_12-21","url":null,"abstract":"Введение. Опухоль Вилмса (ОВ, нефробластома) — наиболее частая злокачественная эмбриональная опухоль почки детей, встречается с частотой от 0,7–0,8 до 1 случая на 100 000 населения детского возраста. Патологоанатомические характеристики ОВ многообразны, выявляется широкий тканевой и клеточный спектр (некроз и кровоизлияния), часто определяются разрастание в почечную и полую вены и локальные метастазы в регионарные лимфатические узлы. Микроскопически нефробластома представлена тремя компонентами разной степени дифференцировки: бластемой, эпителиальным и стромальным компонентом. Цель исследования. Произвести детальное макроскопическое исследование операционного материала и оценить гистологическую вариабельность компонентов ОВ. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 3 пациента в возрасте от 1 до 6 лет, которые находились на лечении в онкогематологическом отделении клиники СПбГПМУ в 2022 году с диагнозом опухоль Вилмса. Проанализированы макроскопические материалы и гистологические препараты. Использовались стандартные методики подготовки и окраски тканей опухоли и световая микроскопия с фотографированием. Результаты. Макроскопически наблюдался увеличенный за счет опухоли размер почки, цвет на поверхности — серо-розовый, с участками темно-­красного и синюшного, крупнобугристая форма (субкапсулярные узлы с тенденцией к выпячиванию) с дефектами капсулы. На разрезе почки определялись множественные неоднородные по плотности узлы. В одном случае верифицирован бластемный тип ОВ, в остальных — нефробластома смешанного типа. Заключение. Макроскопическая и микроскопическая картина ОВ чрезвычайно разнообразна и демонстрирует широкую тканевую и клеточную вариабельность (некроз и кровоизлияния). Проведение макроскопического и гистологического исследования является диагностически значимым методом, оценивающим локализацию опухоли в отношении к сосудам. Все критерии влияют на определение стадии опухоли и дальнейшую тактику лечения.\u0000 Introduction. Wilms’ tumor (WT, syn. nephroblastoma) is the most common malignant fetal kidney tumor in children, occurring with a frequency of 0.7–0.8 cases up to 1 per 100,000 of the pediatric population. WT is characterized by a frequent combination with congenital malformations. WT may not manifest itself clinically for a long time and is often discovered accidentally by parents or during examination by a pediatrician. The pathoanatomical characteristics of WT are diverse, a wide tissue and cellular spectrum (necrosis and hemorrhage) is detected, growth into the renal and vena cava and local metastases to regional lymph nodes are often determined. Microscopically, nephroblastoma is represented by three components of varying degrees of differentiation: blastema, epithelial, and stromal components. Aim of the study: to perform a detailed macroscopic examination of the surgical material and evaluate the histological variability of the WT components. Materials and Methods. The study of a macroscopic preparation and histological sect","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico и in vitro изучение антитирозиназной активности новых оснований Шиффа — азометиновых производных 2-Амино-4,5,6,7-тетрагидро-1-бензотиофен-3-карбоксамида","authors":"A. Chiriapkin, I. Kodonidi, D. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_31-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Skin hyperpigmentation is an important problem of dermatocosmetology. The resulting pigment spots on the skin of a person, especially in open areas of the body, affect their psychoemotional state and social adaptation, and in some cases trigger dermatological diseases. The aim of the study is to search for new effective and safe compounds with anti-tyrosinase activity. Materials and methods. Seven new previously synthesized azomethine derivatives of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide are the objects of research. To study in silico the molecular mechanisms of tyrozinase inhibition by the compounds under study, the method of molecular annealing was used. The inhibitory activity of tyrosinase was determined according to the method by Mapunya et al. (2012). Results. During the computational experiment, we determined amino acid residues of the active tyrosinase site, with which azomethine derivatives of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide interact. In vitro evaluation of the anti-tyrosinase activity of the studied compounds indicated that almost all the analyzed substances were inferior to the referents in terms of the strength of biological action, except for compound 1, which was superior in activity to kojic and lactic acids. Based on the LD50 value of compound 1, it was assigned to the 5th class of toxicity according to the GHS classification. Conclusion. In the course of the conducted research, it was found that structure 1 surpasses kojic and lactic acids in the severity of its pharmacological activity. We consider it appropriate to further pharmacological studies of this substance.\u0000 Введение. Гиперпигментация кожи является важной проблемой дерматокосметологии. Образующиеся пигментные пятна на кожных покровах человека, особенно на открытых участках тела, влияют на его психоэмоциональное состояние и социальную адаптацию, а в некоторых случаях являются и триггерами формирования заболеваний дерматологического профиля. Целью исследования является поиск новых эффективных и безопасных соединений с антитирозиназной активностью. Материалы и методы. В качестве объектов исследования выступают семь новых ранее синтезированных азометиновых производных 2-амино-4,5,6,7-тетрагидро-1-бензотиофен-3-карбоксамида. Для in silico изучения молекулярных механизмов ингибирования тирозиназы исследуемыми соединениями использован метод молекулярного докинга. Ингибирующую активность тирозиназы определяли согласно методу, описанному Mapunya et al. (2012). Результаты. В ходе вычислительного эксперимента определены аминокислотные остатки активного сайта тирозиназы, с которыми взаимодействуют азометиновые производные 2-амино-4,5,6,7-тетрагидро-1-бензотиофен-3-карбоксамида. In vitro оценка антитирозиназной активности изучаемых соединений свидетельствует о том, что практически все анализируемые вещества уступают референтам по выраженности биологического действия, кроме соединения 1, которое превосходит по активности койе","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48318396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease 5D Depending on the Episode of SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"А.Ш. Румянцев, И.Ю. Пчелин, Н.В. Худякова, Л.А. Слепых, Т.Г. Кулибаба, О.М. Соловьева, А.С. Тертышная, Д.Т. Мусаева","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_3_22-30","url":null,"abstract":"Введение. Распространенность хронической болезни почек поступательно увеличивается. Однако, при этом, даже терминальная почечная недостаточность не является «приговором», так как существуют хорошо зарекомендовавшие себя методы заместительной почечной терапии, спектр которых довольно широк. Пандемия COVID-19 значительно сократила когорту диализных пациентов. Однако, к сожалению, сам факт перенесенного заболевания имеет негативные последствия в отдаленном периоде. Целью данного исследования послужил поиск предикторов неблагоприятного исхода у пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом. Пациенты и методы. Обследованы 62 пациента с хронической болезнью почек С5 стадии, получающие лечение гемодиализом. Пациентов разделили на 2 группы: 1 группа (41 человек) — перенесшие COVID-19 и 2 группа (21 человек) — не болевшие. Для оценки состояния использовали биохимические показатели протокола ведения диализных больных, пищевые дневники, калиперометрию. Результаты. На заболеваемость статистически значимо влияли висцеральное ожирение, недостаточное потребление белка, избыточное потребление жиров, нарушение толерантности к углеводам, гиперлептинемия и наличие любого сердечно-­сосудистого заболевания. За время двухлетнего наблюдения умерли 15 человек. При этом в группе переболевших COVID-19 — 14 пациентов. Соответственно смертность в группе не болевших составила 4,7%, в группе перенесших COVID-19 — 35%. Заключение. Наиболее вероятной причиной высокой смертности пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, является белково-­энергетическая недостаточность. У пациентов с ожирением ее развитие может длительное время не обращать на себя внимание из-за того, что ИМТ находится в формально благополучном диапазоне. Introduction. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is steadily increasing. However, at the same time, even terminal renal failure is not a “verdict”, since there are well-proven methods of renal replacement therapy, the spectrum of which is quite wide. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the cohort of dialysis patients. However, unfortunately, the very fact of the transferred disease has negative consequences in the long term. The purpose of this study was to search for predictors of an unfavorable outcome in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 receiving treatment with programmed hemodialysis. Patients and methods. 62 patients with chronic kidney disease of stage C5 receiving HD treatment were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (41 people) — those who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and group 2 (21 people) — those who were not. To assess the condition, biochemical parameters of the protocol for the management of dialysis patients, food diaries, and caliperometry were used. Results. The incidence was statistically significantly affected by visceral obesity, insufficient protein intake, excessive fat intake, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, hyperleptinemia and the presence of any c","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal Status of Overweight Patients","authors":"E. A. Penkovoi, K.S. Golovatova, I. Pchelin, A. Shishkin, L. Ermolaeva, N. A. Sheveleva, K. Lukianets, N. Slyadneva","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_21-31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today obesity is becoming an epidemic, with the problem of an increasing prevalence of periodontal tissue disease in the population. There is increasing evidence in the literature of the relationship between periodontal health and body weight. Our study aimed to evaluate the condition of periodontal tissues of overweight patients. Patients and methods. In this cross-­sectional study, 44 patients were evaluated. 31 overweight/obese patients were included in the main group, 13 patients with normal body mass index (BMI) formed the control group. PMA, Fush and Silness-­Loe indices were used to assess periodontal status. Results. An analysis of the relationship between the PMA and Fush indices and the presence of overweight/obesity showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.006). A higher incidence of advanced chronic generalized periodontitis was observed in overweight/obese patients compared to normal weight patients (p = 0.007). The odds for advanced chronic generalized periodontitis were 10,0 times higher in overweight/obese than in normal weight patients (95% CI 1.87–53.48). Conclusion. Our findings indicate that overweight patients had more severe chronic generalized periodontitis than normal-­weight patients.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42393606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Biological Activity of Flavonoids: Quercetin and Kaempferol","authors":"A. Chiriapkin, D. Zolotykh, D. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_5-20","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids are an extensive class of secondary metabolites present in varying concentrations in different parts of plants. Medicinal raw materials containing flavonoids have been used in traditional medicine in various countries for centuries and are also used in modern medicine for the production of drugs. Compared to other groups of secondary metabolites, flavonoids are often present in relatively large amounts. Interest in flavonoids is driven by constantly updated data on their biological activity and their wide distribution in the plant world. This review focuses on the two most commonly occurring polyphenolic compounds in plants, quercetin and kaempferol. The article describes the main glycosidic forms of the flavonoids under consideration and the modern results of studying their biological activity, namely their antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-tumor properties. In addition, some of the mechanisms for implementing the above types of biological activity are discussed. The analysis suggests that further in-depth pharmacological research on these flavonoids and the development of new advanced drugs based on them is promising. The cores of quercetin and kaempferol can be recommended for chemical modification to obtain highly active compounds with antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-tumor activities. Keywords: flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, glycosidic forms, biological activity, antioxidant activity, anti-allergic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cardioprotective activity, anti-tumor activity, mechanisms of action, drugs, chemical modification.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44617638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intention to Smoke Tobacco Products among Senior Secondary School Students in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State","authors":"A. Usen, I. Harold, A. I. Wegbom, P. Ajie, G.C. Dimkpa, O. Popoola","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_32-42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Adolescence is a period in which many adolescents start exploring certain risky behaviours like tobacco use. Adolescent tobacco use is a significant global public health challenge. This study was conducted to determine the intention to smoke tobacco products among coeducational senior secondary school students in Uyo LGA, Akwa Ibom State. Materials and methods. A cross-­sectional study was conducted among 200 senior secondary school students aged 10–19 from January 2020 to December 2020. A multi-­stage sampling technique was used to select respondents from four senior secondary coeducational schools. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-­assisted questionnaire. Results. Mean age of respondents was 15.3 ± 1.4 years, and 110 (55.0%) of them were males. The prevalence of intention to smoke tobacco products among the respondents was 75 (37.5%). 43 (21.5%) of them reported peer pressure as the reason for their intention to smoke. 190 (95.0%) of them knew that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. There was a statistically significant association between respondents’ sex, ever smoked, currently smoking, age at first experience, last experience, having a sibling that smokes, having friends that smoke, and intention to smoke tobacco products (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Adolescents with these risk factors should be prioritized by smoking prevention efforts.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}