Juvenis Scientia最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of International Experience in Organizing Screening Programs for Early Detection of Malignancies","authors":"V. S. Volchek, V. V. Pochozhay","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_5-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_5-23","url":null,"abstract":"Screening and early diagnosis of cancer have been important components of the comprehensive measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of malignant neoplasms worldwide for quite some time. Despite the widespread use of oncological screening in different countries, doubts persist about its feasibility, methods used, or frequency of examinations. Several studies provide data that oncological screening programs do lead to a reduction in mortality from cancer, but do not reduce overall mortality. The American Society of Clinical Oncology continues to support oncological screening as an effective tool to reduce mortality from malignant neoplasms, but acknowledges that not all individuals who undergo screening will benefit from it, not all individuals with established malignant neoplasms will be cured, and undergoing screening today is not a guarantee of protection against cancer in the future. It is important to note that approaches to screening for malignant neoplasms are dynamically revised as new scientifically substantiated data emerge, and the interpretation by leading groups of experts may differ even within one country. This scientific article presents methods for evaluating the effectiveness of screening programs implementation, such as sensitivity and specificity, ROC analysis, positive and negative predictive value of screening, and results of randomized studies. A brief overview of the main international principles of implementing screening programs and recommendations of international medical communities is provided.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Operative Endoscopic Treatment of Urological Patients Depending on Hospital Stay Duration","authors":"S. Popov, R. Guseynov, O. Skryabin, V. V. Perepelitsa, E. A. Malyshev","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_43-53","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The objective of the study was to investigate the results of operative endoscopic treatment of patients with urological profile depending on the duration of hospitalization.. Patients and methods. The study examined the treatment results of 1647 urological patients aged from 41 to 69 years (mean age 57.1 years), including 791 (48.03 %) males and 856 (51.97 %) females. A comparative analysis of the results of operative endoscopic treatment of patients in two groups was conducted. The interventions were comparable in volume. The first group consisted of patients who were observed in a hospital setting for 3-4 days; the second group consisted of patients who were discharged home within the first day. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain. Quality of life was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. The average pain score on the VAS scale in the first day after surgery in both patient groups was 5.45±0.3 and 5.16±0.2 points, respectively, which was considered «tolerable» pain. The quality of life of patients in the two groups during the first day of the postoperative period indicated comparability of data on the PR, PF, BP, and GH scales. Better parameters were recorded in the second group of patients, compared to the first, on the SF, RE, and MH scales. Analysis of the quality of life questionnaire three days after surgery showed improvement in all scales; better results were achieved in the second group of patients, compared to the first, on the VT, SF, RE, and MH scales, which characterized better social functioning and higher vitality. Conclusion. Endoscopic interventions in urology allow for better pain tolerance, especially in the first day after surgery, which has a positive impact on the quality of life of patients. Shortening the length of hospital stay to one day without increasing the pain syndrome increases the socio-economic significance of endoscopic techniques and emphasizes the prospects for further research.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Sensitization to 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate","authors":"M. Izmailovich, S. R. Valiyeva, D. Sarbasova, O. Y. Dedova, B. S. Koshkarbaeva, A. Knaus","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_54-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_54-60","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylate polymers are an important cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Over the last decades, the vector of allergy to methacrylic acid esters has shifted from industrial products to the beauty and medical industries. In the described clinical case, the potential risk of sensitization to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a component of medical products, is emphasized, particularly in patients working in the cosmetology field. The authors present a clinical case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a component of the adhesive in a medical plaster. Basic diagnostic measures, including allergodiagnostics using a patch test, were conducted. Based on the collected data, the diagnosis was verified, and therapy for allergic contact dermatitis was prescribed according to the international clinical treatment protocol. The increasing number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by acrylate compounds in medical materials requires further investigation and the implementation of effective preventive measures to ensure patient safety.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69671147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Tuberculosis: Mechanisms of Development and Diagnostic Methods","authors":"D. S. Sukhanov, E. Timofeev, Y. S. Alekseeva, D. Y. Azovtsev","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_24-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_1_24-42","url":null,"abstract":"The review article discusses modern aspects of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with tuberculosis who are receiving etiotropic therapy. The main mechanisms of DILI, including toxic and idiosyncratic types, are described, as well as their pathogenetic, biochemical, and epidemiological differences. DILI can manifest as various clinicomorphological forms of liver damage, such as steatosis and steatohepatitis, acute and chronic hepatitis, mitochondrial cytopathy, cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, vascular injury, and others. The main diagnostic method for DILI is the detection of liver enzymes - transaminases and alkaline phosphatase - based on the degree of elevation and their ratio, which identify two main types of liver injury - hepatocellular and cholestatic - as well as a mixed variant. The article provides a scoring assessment of liver damage in a patient receiving chemotherapy to classify it as drug-induced liver injury.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular complications of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)","authors":"A. Blokhin, A. Shishkin, A. I. Knyazeva","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_6_6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_6_6-14","url":null,"abstract":"A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which has spread widely in the human population in the past few years, is often complicated by a damage to the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system organs. The review describes the features of the clinical course and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can lead to the development of cardiac complications both in the early and long-term periods. It is assumed that there are three main causes for the development of such complications (the affinity of the virus to endothelial proteins, the damage to blood vessels and the heart as a result of the immune response of the body and the toxic effects of drugs used to treat infection). Among the pathogenic mechanisms of the course of a new coronavirus infection that can lead to the development of cardiovascular complications, the following can be distinguished: manifestations of systemic vasculitis, coagulopathy, thrombosis, the phenomenon of “cytokine storm”, the direct cytotoxic damage to the myocardium, metabolic disorders, imbalance of the ionic composition of the blood, hypoxia and its consequences. The most common complications include myocarditis with arrhythmia (sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter, QTc prolongation, sudden cardiac death), cardiomyopathy (biventricular, isolated dysfunction of the right or left ventricle), cardiogenic shock, coagulopathy, thromboembolism (including strokes), vasculitis. Following recovery from COVID-19, many patients retain (or develop) the symptoms caused by the heart damage: a pain in the region of the heart, palpitations, appearance or aggravation of chronic heart failure, decompensation of hypertension, acute coronary syndrome. The main proposed directions for minimizing the risk of developing cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients include ECG monitoring (assessment of the QT interval, rhythm, conduction and repolarization), echocardiography in patients at risk, 24-hour ECG recording in patients who report palpitations. In addition, it is recommended to adjust the dosages of cardiotoxic drugs and to be cautious when prescribing anticoagulant therapy.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (by the example of polyclinics in Almaty)","authors":"M. S. Moldobaeva, M.O. Barmenbaeva, M.V. Krasnitskaya","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_4_23-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_4_23-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW OF PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS","authors":"A. Chiriapkin","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_5_16-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_5_16-30","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrimidine derivatives represent an extensive class of organic compounds that contain in their structure a six-membered heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3. Substances of this group have a wide range of pharmacological activity, which makes it possible to consider the pyrimidine core as a promising scaffold for the development of new biologically active compounds. The article provides an analysis of the literature data of pyrimidine derivatives used in medical practice. For example, there are substances with antiviral, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic and anabolic activity. Based on the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine structures of active drugs, as well as other compounds that are considered candidates for the development of new drugs, it is possible to search for and design compounds with the desired types of pharmacological activity. Thus, a systematic analysis of pyrimidine derivatives from a pharmacological point of view can serve as a basis for further search for new highly effective and safe medicines.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare angiopathy with lesions of the skin and central nervous system: Sneddon syndrome and disease","authors":"A. K. Gruzmanov, S. Mazurenko","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_6_15-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_6_15-29","url":null,"abstract":"Sneddon syndrome is a rare, progressive disease that affects relatively young people, mainly female, and manifests itself in two main symptoms: livedo reticularis and recurrent cerebral infarctions. First described in 1965 by the English dermatologist Ian Bruce Sneddon, the syndrome named in his honor unites a heterogeneous group of diseases with different pathogenesis and similar clinical manifestations. Skin manifestations of the disease in the form of reticular livedo are benign, cerebrovascular manifestations are reduced to repeated cerebral infarctions, progressive dementia and can lead to the death of patients. The literature review describes the basic concepts of the etiology, pathogenesis of primary and secondary forms of Sneddon syndrome, and proposes the concept of Sneddon’s disease to describe the primary forms of the syndrome. The article contains photographs of patients from the clinical practice of the authors of the article. The review also describes methods of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease and recommended methods of treatment, which is based on the elimination of additional risk factors for vascular damage and thrombosis, blood pressure control, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the appointment of anticoagulant and disaggregant therapy. The use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy remains controversial. The main goal of treatment is the prevention of organic brain damage and neuropsychiatric complications. Unfortunately, the neuropsychiatric prognosis of Sneddon syndrome is relatively poor with the development of impaired memory, concentration, and visual-spatial skills. In exceptional cases, the progression of the disease can lead to death.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in children in the hot climate of Uzbekistan","authors":"S. Mavlyanova, Sh. N. Mirzakulova, A. Ismogilov, J. Mullakhanov, G. R. Ibragimova","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_3_22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_3_22-30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a global problem of the 21st century, as the number of people suffering from this disease is steadily increasing, and around the world, about 20% of the population with clinical manifestations of this disease seek medical help. Aim of the study. Evaluation of the clinical course of AD in children in the hot climate of Uzbekistan. Patients and methods. 215 patients with atopic dermatitis aged from 1 to 18 years were under observation. The severity of AD was determined using the SCORAD index. Results. Among 215 patients, the erythematous-squamous form was observed in 63 (29.3%), erythematous-squamous with lichenification - in 47 (21.8%), lichenoid - in 55 (25.6%), exudative - in 34 (15.8%), and pruriginous form of AD - in 16 (7.4%). Most observed patients were adolescents, and the number of boys and girls with AD in this group was similar (49.6% and 50.4%, respectively). In terms of severity, taking into account the SCORAD index, in infancy, most patients had moderate (47.4%) and mild (36.8%) clinical course; in childhood - moderate (56.1%); in adolescence - moderate (40.3%) and severe (33.8%). In infancy, the exudative form was the most prevalent (52.6%). At the age of 2 to 11 years, the erythematous-squamous and lichenoid forms were the most frequently diagnosed (43.8% and 31.6% of cases, respectively). Meanwhile, at the age of 12 to 18 years, the patients were characterized by a different distribution of forms: the erythematous-squamous form with lichenification was observed in 28.1%, the lichenoid form - in 26.6%, and the erythematous-squamous form in 20.8%. Conclusion. In the present study, we assessed the relative frequency of forms of atopic dermatitis in children of different age groups in the hot climate of Uzbekistan.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation analysis of laboratory parameters in seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Karaganda Region","authors":"S. R. Valiyeva, D. Sarbasova, Zh. B. Sydykbaeva, M. Izmailovich, O. Y. Dedova, B. S. Koshkarbayeva, L. Seksenova","doi":"10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_3_5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_3_5-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allergic rhinitis is a recurrent inflammation of the nasal mucosa that is triggered by various allergens and has an extremely negative impact on the quality of a patient's life. With the increasing morbidity of seasonal allergic rhinitis worldwide, the possibility of a deterioration in the course of the disease must be taken into account. Consequently, its prompt diagnosis is essential. High levels of total immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil count, along with appropriate clinical data, are associated with allergic rhinitis. However, studies regarding the relation of allergic reaction predictors with severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms are currently insufficient and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the total immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil count in blood serum and to identify the relationship of each parameter with the severity of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the regional allergological center “DiVera” which is located in Karaganda city (central Kazakhstan). In order to perform statistical analysis, we used initial levels of seasonal allergic rhinitis markers and 4-point scale aspects for assessing symptoms (Daily Symptom Score). Allergic rhinitis markers were identified by using automatic modular and immunological analyzers. The study involved 49 patients aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Verification of the diagnosis was carried out on the basis of a positive allergic anamnesis, objective and subjective patients data. Statistical analysis was performed using the “Statistica” software version 13.0 for Windows. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied to determine the relations between the studied parameters. Results: The study revealed a positive direct, strong statistically significant relationship (p<0.05) of all three serological markers - immunoglobulin E (r=0.96), eosinophilic cationic protein (r=0.91), and eosinophil count (r=0.86) with symptom severity of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: This correlation analysis revealed a relation of eosinophil count, total IgE and eosinophil cationic protein levels to symptom severity in seasonal allergic rhinitis. The concentration of serological markers could be an important predictor of allergic sensitization, particularly in adult patients.","PeriodicalId":33026,"journal":{"name":"Juvenis Scientia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69670516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}