Features of the Dynamics of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors for Their Development in Individuals with a History of Long-Term Work Under the Influence of Noise

Abstract

Introduction. In this study, we aimed to identify the features of the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors for its development in individuals who have worked under the influence of noise for a long time. Patients and Methods. 56 archival case histories of patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss and 47 outpatient records of patients who worked in relative silence were studied. CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in dynamics. Results. The groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of smoking, obesity and burdened heredity. In patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, total cholesterol exceeded the upper limit of normal and the level in the comparison group, and was, respectively, 5.6 ± 1.2 mmol/l and 5.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.046) at the first visit and 5.6 ± 1.1 mmol/l and 5.2 ± 1.1 mmol/l at the last visit (p = 0.037). Hypertension was the leader in the structure of CVD in both groups. In individuals with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, the total number of cases of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher, both at the first (5 and 0 cases, respectively, p = 0.04) and at the last visit (14 and 3 cases, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusion. Individuals who have worked in noise for a long time have an increased cardiovascular risk by the time occupational hearing loss is established. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism presumably represent a main contribution to the formation of this risk. At the same time, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are more often detected among individuals who worked in noise than among those who worked in relative silence.