Chemical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Graph Theory, and Applications of Complex Nanoparticle Systems","authors":"John R. Crockett,&nbsp;Jiahui Li,&nbsp;Chansong Kim,&nbsp;Xiongye Xiao,&nbsp;Michael Veksler,&nbsp;Zuochen Wang,&nbsp;Riva Akter,&nbsp;Chu-Yun Hwang,&nbsp;Xiaokang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Mao,&nbsp;Paul Bogdan,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Kotov,&nbsp;Qian Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00965","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00965","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The engineering of nanoparticles and their assemblieshas traditionallyfocused on creating highly periodic systems with properties that matchpredictions of well-defined scientific models. This review surveysrecent efforts to expand the engineering of nanoparticles and theirassemblies into the realm of high complexity, which can entail disorderor combinations of order and disorder. This review is structured,for clarity of reading, to cover three aspects of complexity: in individualnanoparticles, in assembly structures, and in assembly manufacturingstrategies, with the awareness that these three aspects are intertwined,leading to a huge parameter space to manufacture new functional materials.This review charts a roadmap for harnessing nonperiodic, multiscale,and even polydisperse yet economically desirable nanoparticle architecturesto achieve transformative properties, especially the balance of propertiesimportant in different technological applications such as strength,transparency, and recyclability, at large scale, low cost, and highmodularity, to address critical challenges across materials scienceand technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 17","pages":"9795–9874"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dimensional Perovskites and Metal Halides across Structures and Functions: Connectivity, Dimensionality, and Emerging Principles","authors":"Taylor E. Wiggins,&nbsp;Arbor P. Reynolds,&nbsp;Jared D. Fletcher,&nbsp;Adam Balvanz,&nbsp;Isaiah W. Gilley,&nbsp;Edward H. Sargent,&nbsp;Mercouri G. Kanatzidis","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c01060","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c01060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybridmetal halides have experienced rapid growth in researchactivity, achieving remarkable advances over the past decade and ahalf. This expansion stems from valuable traits including syntheticand optoelectronic tunability, high absorption coefficients, solutionprocessability, and high defect tolerance. Studies on these materialshave expanded from 3D perovskites to include their low- dimensional2D counterparts, whose performance and improved stability have madethem model systems for various applications, yet this progress hasonly begun to scratch the surface of structural possibilities. Otherlow-dimensional metal halides, including perovskitoids and nonperovskitestructures, remain far less explored despite offering immense structuraldiversity and functional potential. In this Review, we provide anupdated, integrative perspective on these overlooked systems. We beginby describing synthetic strategies for low-dimensional metal halides,covering both established and emerging approaches. We then examinestructural motifs, illustrating how octahedral connectivity definesdimensionality and lattice architecture. Optoelectronic propertiesfollow, focusing on how composition, distortion, and the organic spacerchemistry modulate optical and electronic behavior in these materials.A dedicated section highlights optoelectronically active organics.Finally, we address stability and degradation mechanisms and featurerecent advances and representative case studies, including their translationinto thin films and next-generation optoelectronic and radiation-detectiondevices. The advances achieved to date reveal general principles thatconnect dimensionality, connectivity, and organic–inorganicinteractions across the full landscape of hybrid metal halides, whilealso exposing the limits of current predictive understanding. Theremaining challenge is to translate these qualitative insights intodesign rules that reliably link structure to function and guide thedeliberate creation of next-generation low-dimensional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 17","pages":"9875–9986"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148821816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Proton-Conducting Electrolytes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells","authors":"Zheyu Luo,&nbsp;Chenhui Yang,&nbsp;Xueyu Hu,&nbsp;Haoyu Li,&nbsp;Zhijun Liu,&nbsp;Weining Wang,&nbsp;Yuefeng Song,&nbsp;Meilin Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00529","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proton-conducting reversible solid oxide cells (P-RSOCs)are emergingas a transformative platform for efficient and flexible conversionbetween electricity and chemical fuels, including hydrogen and syngas.Their intermediate-temperature operation (400–600 °C)offers a compelling combination of high energy efficiency, rapid reactionkinetics, and strong compatibility with renewable electricity andindustrial waste heat, positioning P-RSOCs as a promising technologyfor a carbon-neutral energy future. At the heart of these deviceslies the proton-conducting electrolyte, which governs proton transport,chemical stability, interfacial compatibility, and long-term durability.Despite remarkable advances in electrolyte development, fundamentalchallenges in understanding and controlling proton transport, chemicalstability, and electrode-electrolyte interactions continue to constrainpractical deployment. This review presents a comprehensive and criticalassessment of the current state of proton-conducting electrolytesfor P-RSOCs, with emphasis on proton transport mechanisms, composition–structure–propertyrelationships, stability limitations, and interfacial compatibility.We examine advances in perovskite-based and emerging alternative electrolytefamilies, while highlighting key strategies─including aliovalentdoping, interfacial engineering, microstructure design, and advancedfabrication─forovercoming persistent limitations. Emerging operando characterizationand computational approaches are further discussed as powerful toolsfor uncovering dynamic transport and degradation mechanisms and acceleratingmaterials discovery. By integrating fundamental insights with materials-designstrategies, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps and opportunitiesto guide the development of robust, high-performance electrolytes.Ultimately, we envision that such advances will help unlock the fullpotential of P-RSOCs as a versatile platform for sustainable energyconversion, storage, and renewable-fuel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 17","pages":"9603–9724"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milestones in the Elucidation of Heme Biosynthesis","authors":"Harry A. Dailey, Jr.","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00368","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heme (protoheme IX) is an essential cofactor in biology,servingdiverse roles including, but not limited to, one-electron reactions,oxygen transport, catalysis, and signaling. The elucidation of itsbiosynthetic pathway represents one of the more remarkable scientificaccomplishments of the past century. Early 19th-century chemists firstisolated, named and characterized porphyrins, while their structuraldetermination by Fischer in the 1920s earned a Nobel Prize. The mid-20thcentury ushered in isotopic tracer studies which revealed glycineand succinyl-CoA as the starting substrates for the pathway to heme.Identification of porphobilinogen (PBG) as an early pathway intermediateled to the identification of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as the firstcommitted pathway precursor. Subsequent decades brought the recognitionof porphyrinogens as true pathway intermediates, the sequence of decarboxylationand oxidation steps, the identification of the glutamate-based pathwayto ALA in plants and most bacteria, the characterization of all pathwayenzymes, the discovery of alternate bacterial pathways, and identificationof multiprotein complexes. This review traces the historical progressionof discoveries, highlighting both the breakthroughs and missteps thatshape the current view of heme biosynthesis, and underscores the interplayof chemistry, physiology, and molecular biology in unraveling thisancient metabolic pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 17","pages":"10107–10144"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Glycocode to Precision Oncology: Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Aberrant O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Cancer","authors":"Mikkel Koed Møller Aasted,&nbsp;Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai,&nbsp;Sally Dabelsteen,&nbsp;Hiren Joshi,&nbsp;Sean R. Stowell,&nbsp;Hans H. Wandall","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00901","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aberrant O-glycosylationis a prominent feature of cancerand contributesdirectly to multiple hallmarks of malignant transformation. Cancer-associatedO-glycans include both truncated structures that are unique to mucin-typeO-glycosylation and more elongated terminal motifs that function asligands for glycan-binding proteins. Instead of representing a simplebinary change from elongated to truncated structures, it is increasinglyunderstood that these glycans decorate the cancer cell surface witha heterogeneous pattern of truncated, elongated, capped, and partiallyprocessed glycoforms, which coexist even on individual proteins andwithin the tumor glycocalyx. Functionally, truncated aberrant O-GalNAcglycans, such as Tn, STn, and T perturb epithelial differentiation,barrier integrity, signaling, and immunosuppression through interactionswith glycan binding receptors, such as Siglecs and MGL. In addition,more elongated O-glycans, including Lewis antigens, interact withselectins promoting metastasis and cellular trafficking. Moreover,individual GalNAc-transferase isoenzymes, governing site-specificO-glycosylation, are emerging as context-dependent regulators of oncogenicprocesses through glycosylation of selected proteins. These observationsestablish cancer-associated O-glycans as context-dependent moleculardrivers of tumor progression and promising therapeutic entry points.In this review, we discuss the expression, regulation, and functionsof cancer-associated O-glycans, their roles in glycan-binding proteinbiology, and emerging therapeutic strategies that may enable a newgeneration of glycan-directed precision treatments in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"8957–9005"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148692368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-Traversing Peptides: Mechanistic Landscapes, Assays, and Applications","authors":"Adrian J. Taveras,&nbsp;Erin A. Kuang,&nbsp;Ryan P. Ferrie,&nbsp;Ace Ellis,&nbsp;Alaina Tait,&nbsp;Rayhanus Salam,&nbsp;Kalina Hristova,&nbsp;William C. Wimley","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00060","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lipid bilayer membranesare essential cellular permeability barriersthat strictly limit the passage of polar molecules and macromolecules,thereby compartmentalizing cellular biochemistry and limiting theaccessible chemical space for therapeutics. Membrane-traversing peptides(MTPs) are a diverse group of peptides defined by the ability to traversesynthetic or cellular membranes without causing permeabilization andwithout the assistance of specific transport proteins. These peptidesfundamentally defy classical thermodynamic models of membrane permeabilityas they can cross lipid bilayers and deliver large polar cargoes,including peptides and proteins, into cells, despite having high netcharge and low hydrophobicity. In this review, we challenge the ideaof single, discrete mechanisms to describe how peptides traverse membranesand define a broad mechanistic landscape shaped by the conserved propertiesof MTPs and the unique physical chemistry and polymorphic phase behaviorof lipid bilayers. We describe experimental assays and model systemsthat can be used to study MTP translocation and cargo delivery insynthetic systems and living cells. We use information obtained fromcomprehensive databases to consider the shared physical chemical spaceof MTPs. We also discuss key unanswered questions regarding mechanism,specificity, endosomal escape, and <em>in vivo</em> performance.Finally, we discuss illustrative examples and emerging translationalapplications of MTPs in intracellular drug delivery and moleculartherapeutics. Together, these perspectives underscore the dual importanceof MTPs as probes for fundamental biophysical studies of cell membranesand as promising tools to expand the universe of druggable intracellulartargets.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"9233–9271"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148692370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Frontiers in Single-Atom Catalysis: Active-Site Dynamics and AI-Enabled Design","authors":"Jinxing Chen,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Jia-Lu Sun,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Yang Meng,&nbsp;Chengzhi Hu,&nbsp;Jiali Li,&nbsp;Jiong Lu","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00200","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-atomcatalysts (SACs) have emerged as a rapidly advancingfrontier in heterogeneous catalysis because of their unique electronicstructures, maximized atomic efficiency, and tunable catalytic properties.Increasing evidence shows that SACs are inherently dynamic under workingconditions with their coordination environment, electronic structure,and spatial configuration continuously adapting in response to reactants,intermediates, or external stimuli. These dynamic properties criticallyinfluence catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, challengingconventional design paradigms and opening new opportunities for performanceoptimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of theactive-site evolution in SACs under reaction conditions. We discussthe fundamental mechanisms underlying atomic migration, coordinationchanges, and reaction-induced interconversion of desaturated single-atomstates. We also highlight strategies to harness and control theseprocesses through support engineering and coordination modulation,enabling the rational design of desaturated active sites. Finally,we outline major challenges and future directions, including the useof in situ/operando characterization, multiscale modeling, and machinelearning, to accelerate the rational design of high-performance SACs.By elucidating the fundamental aspects of SAC active site evolution,this Review provides critical insights and design principles to advancethe development of high-performance SACs.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"9357–9440"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successive Ring Expansion Strategies for the Synthesis of Macrocycles and Medium-Sized Rings","authors":"Jonathan P. Knowles,&nbsp;William P. Unsworth","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00360","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macrocycles and medium-sizedrings have myriad uses in variousapplied fields. Effective and scalable methods for their synthesisare therefore of high value. Ring expansion reactions are importantin this context, as they allow larger rings to be “grown”from more easily accessible smaller ring systems, while avoiding inefficientend-to-end cyclization reactions. This review is focused on successivering expansion strategies, in which two (or more) ring expansion stepshave been performed in sequence to enable the synthesis of functionalizedmacrocycles and medium-sized rings.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"9502–9524"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Ammonia (NH3) Adsorption in Porous Solids","authors":"Cristian Aristizabal-González,&nbsp;Dinesh Mullangi,&nbsp;Juan C. Muñoz-Senmache,&nbsp;Jesse L. Prelesnik,&nbsp;Prerna,&nbsp;Nayeon Kang,&nbsp;Arturo J. Hernández-Maldonado,&nbsp;J. Ilja Siepmann,&nbsp;Michael Tsapatsis","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00035","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ammonia (NH₃) plays a crucial role in theagriculturalsector as a fertilizer and is a dense hydrogen carrier that offersa potential renewable and carbon-free energy source. These significantadvantages necessitate the development of efficient NH₃ synthesis and separation systems. Conventionally, the Haber–Bosch(HB) process involves synthesis at high temperature (&gt;673 K, 100–200bar) and separation of NH₃ from the equilibrium-limitedreaction mixture through condensation at low temperatures. Among variousalternative NH₃ separation techniques, adsorption approachesin porous solids have been investigated as a potentially more energy-efficientmethod. However, identifying the optimal porous materials for reversibleNH₃ separation with high NH₃ capacity remainschallenging. This review discusses the potential of porous solid adsorbents,such as zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalentorganic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs),porous organic polymers (POPs), carbons, and their composite materialswith NH₃ absorbents like ionic liquids and metal halides,for NH₃ separation and other potential uses like storageand sensing. The review also discusses active sites for adsorption,and adsorbent structural and mechanical properties. It also emphasizesNH₃ selectivity over N₂ and H₂, highlightingthe solid sorbent’s reversibility, stability, and regenerationconditions. Future directions for NH₃ adsorption researchare highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"9150–9232"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triarylborane-Catalyzed Homogeneous Molecular Transformations Using Organic Reductants","authors":"Oluwaseyi Aderemi Ajala,&nbsp;Anil Chauhan,&nbsp;Masakazu Tanigawa,&nbsp;Martin Oestreich,&nbsp;Yoichi Hoshimoto","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00439","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triarylboranes haveemerged as powerful main-group catalystsforthe reduction of organic molecules using a variety of reductants,including molecular hydrogen (H₂), hydrosilanes, Hantzschesters, and ammonia borane. This development has been largely enabledby the extensive structural diversification of triarylboranes, whichallows for systematic tuning of the Lewis acidity and steric environmentat the boron center. Since the seminal review of this area more thana decade ago, the field has undergone remarkable growth, promptingthis comprehensive account covering three key directions: (1) triarylboranesthat, unlike conventional B(C₆F₅)₃, remain catalytically active in the presence of Lewis bases suchas H₂O, CO₂, and CO, enabling the use of pureor crude H₂; (2) diverse organic reductants, includingammonia borane, Hantzsch esters, cyclohexadienes, and other hydridedonors; and (3) mechanistic insights into reductant activation andstereocontrol. Covering advances from 2016 to 2025, this review discussesinnovations in borane design, substrate scope, functional-group tolerance,and mechanism across each reductant class. By unifying these relatedyet independent developments, it aims to provide synthetic chemistsand theoreticians with timely insights into triarylborane-catalyzedhomogeneous reductions, highlighting main-group catalysts as sustainable,practical alternatives to precious-transition-metal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 16","pages":"9563–9602"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}