Chemical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Merocyanines: Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy in Solutions, Solid State, and Gas Phase","authors":"Andrii V. Kulinich, Alexander A. Ishchenko","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00317","url":null,"abstract":"Merocyanines, owing to their readily tunable electronic structure, are arguably the most versatile functional dyes, with ample opportunities for tailored design via variations of both the donor/acceptor (D/A) end groups and π-conjugated polymethine chain. A plethora of spectral properties, such as strong solvatochromism, high polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities, and sensitizing capacity, motivates extensive studies for their applications in light-converting materials for optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, optical storage, fluorescent probes, etc. Evidently, an understanding of the intrinsic structure–property relationships is a prerequisite for the successful design of functional dyes. For merocyanines, these regularities have been explored for over 70 years, but only in the past three decades have these studies expanded beyond the theory of their color and solvatochromism toward their electronic structure in the ground and excited states. This Review outlines the fundamental principles, essential for comprehension of the variable nature of merocyanines, with the main emphasis on understanding the impact of internal (chemical structure) and external (intermolecular interactions) factors on the electronic symmetry of the D−π–A chromophore. The research on the structure and properties of merocyanines in different media is reviewed in the context of interplay of the three virtual states: nonpolar polyene, ideal polymethine, and zwitterionic polyene.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaching New Heights in Genetic Code Manipulation with High Throughput Screening","authors":"Briana R. Lino, Sean J. Williams, Michelle E. Castor, James A. Van Deventer","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00329","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical and physical properties of proteins are limited by the 20 canonical amino acids. Genetic code manipulation allows for the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) that enhance or alter protein functionality. This review explores advances in the three main strategies for introducing ncAAs into biosynthesized proteins, focusing on the role of high throughput screening in these advancements. The first section discusses engineering aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and tRNAs, emphasizing how novel selection methods improve characteristics including ncAA incorporation efficiency and selectivity. The second section examines high-throughput techniques for improving protein translation machinery, enabling accommodation of alternative genetic codes. This includes opportunities to enhance ncAA incorporation through engineering cellular components unrelated to translation. The final section highlights various discovery platforms for high-throughput screening of ncAA-containing proteins, showcasing innovative binding ligands and enzymes that are challenging to create with only canonical amino acids. These advances have led to promising drug leads and biocatalysts. Overall, the ability to discover unexpected functionalities through high-throughput methods significantly influences ncAA incorporation and its applications. Future innovations in experimental techniques, along with advancements in computational protein design and machine learning, are poised to further elevate this field.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable and Implantable Soft Robots","authors":"Shukun Yin, Dickson R. Yao, Yu Song, Wenzheng Heng, Xiaotian Ma, Hong Han, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00513","url":null,"abstract":"Soft robotics presents innovative solutions across different scales. The flexibility and mechanical characteristics of soft robots make them particularly appealing for wearable and implantable applications. The scale and level of invasiveness required for soft robots depend on the extent of human interaction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of wearable and implantable soft robots, including applications in rehabilitation, assistance, organ simulation, surgical tools, and therapy. We discuss challenges such as the complexity of fabrication processes, the integration of responsive materials, and the need for robust control strategies, while focusing on advances in materials, actuation and sensing mechanisms, and fabrication techniques. Finally, we discuss the future outlook, highlighting key challenges and proposing potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Surface Tension of Atmospheric Particles and Relevant Mixtures to Better Understand Key Atmospheric Processes.","authors":"Manuella El Haber, Violaine Gérard, Judith Kleinheins, Corinne Ferronato, Barbara Nozière","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00173","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerosol and aqueous particles are ubiquitous in Earth's atmosphere and play key roles in geochemical processes such as natural chemical cycles, cloud and fog formation, air pollution, visibility, climate forcing, etc. The surface tension of atmospheric particles can affect their size distribution, condensational growth, evaporation, and exchange of chemicals with the atmosphere, which, in turn, are important in the above-mentioned geochemical processes. However, because measuring this quantity is challenging, its role in atmospheric processes was dismissed for decades. Over the last 15 years, this field of research has seen some tremendous developments and is rapidly evolving. This review presents the state-of-the-art of this subject focusing on the experimental approaches. It also presents a unique inventory of experimental adsorption isotherms for over 130 mixtures of organic compounds in water of relevance for model development and validation. Potential future areas of research seeking to better determine the surface tension of atmospheric particles, better constrain laboratory investigations, or better understand the role of surface tension in various atmospheric processes, are discussed. We hope that this review appeals not only to atmospheric scientists but also to researchers from other fields, who could help identify new approaches and solutions to the current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"10924-10963"},"PeriodicalIF":51.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142034460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy","authors":"Changxia Shi, Ethan C. Quinn, Wilfred T. Diment, Eugene Y.-X. Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00712","url":null,"abstract":"The unit for elastic modulus (<i>E</i>) in Scheme 36 was incorrectly labeled as GPa, which should be in MPa. The corrected Scheme is given below.<img alt=\"\" src=\"/cms/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00712/asset/images/medium/cr4c00712_0001.gif\"/> This article has not yet been cited by other publications.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides","authors":"Xiangfeng Duan, Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00586","url":null,"abstract":"Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Chemical Reviews&lt;/i&gt; special issue “Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides”. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) representing a particularly intriguing class. (1−3) TMDs consist of a transition metal atom (such as Mo, W, or Ti) sandwiched between two chalcogen atoms (S, Se, or Te), forming an MX&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; stoichiometry. Characterized by their unique layered structures, the weak van der Waals forces between the covalently bonded atomic crystalline layers allow them to be exfoliated into single- or few-layer sheets, displaying properties that are markedly different from those of their bulk counterparts. For example, the reduced dimensionality leads to a direct bandgap in many TMDs, unlike the indirect bandgap in their bulk form, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. (3−9) The unique properties and potential applications of TMDs are driving significant advancements in various fields, from electronics to energy storage and beyond. (10−16) This virtual thematic issue is dedicated to exploring the latest developments and future directions in the research and application of 2D-TMDs. The scalable preparation of the atomically thin 2D-TMDs in large quantity or large area is foundational for capturing their potential in diverse technologies. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the preparation of various forms of 2D-TMDs, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation. (17−24) Mechanical exfoliation, though versatile for producing diverse flakes, is limited in scalability and reproducibility. CVD offers better control over thickness and size, making it suitable for large-area production of high quality monolayers or thin films. Liquid-phase exfoliation is advantageous for producing solution-processable TMD inks, essential for printable electronics or energy applications that require bulk quantity of monolayer or few-layer TMDs. Additionally, TMDs often exist in different phases, such as 1T, 1T′, 2H, and 3R, each with distinct chemical or electronic properties. For instance, the 2H phase MoS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is semiconducting, while the 1T and 1T′ phases are metallic and semimetallic, respectively. Thus, phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) plays a critical role in tailoring the properties of TMDs. Control over these phases can be achieved through techniques like doping, strain engineering, and chemical treatments, enabling the customization of TMD properties for specific applications. (25) Furthermore, the nonbonding van der Waals interactions between the covalently bonded TMD atomic layers allow for the flexible intercalation of foreign atoms or molecules, forming self-assembled interlayers between the crystalline atomic layers without disrupting the in-plane covalent bonds. This capability ","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Anisotropy into Organized Nanoscale Matter.","authors":"Wenjie Zhou, Yuanwei Li, Benjamin E Partridge, Chad A Mirkin","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00299","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Programming the organization of discrete building blocks into periodic and quasi-periodic arrays is challenging. Methods for organizing materials are particularly important at the nanoscale, where the time required for organization processes is practically manageable in experiments, and the resulting structures are of interest for applications spanning catalysis, optics, and plasmonics. While the assembly of isotropic nanoscale objects has been extensively studied and described by empirical design rules, recent synthetic advances have allowed anisotropy to be programmed into macroscopic assemblies made from nanoscale building blocks, opening new opportunities to engineer periodic materials and even quasicrystals with unnatural properties. In this review, we define guidelines for leveraging anisotropy of individual building blocks to direct the organization of nanoscale matter. First, the nature and spatial distribution of local interactions are considered and three design rules that guide particle organization are derived. Subsequently, recent examples from the literature are examined in the context of these design rules. Within the discussion of each rule, we delineate the examples according to the dimensionality (0D-3D) of the building blocks. Finally, we use geometric considerations to propose a general inverse design-based construction strategy that will enable the engineering of colloidal crystals with unprecedented structural control.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"11063-11107"},"PeriodicalIF":51.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides","authors":"Xiangfeng Duan*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c0058610.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00586https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"124 19","pages":"10619–10622 10619–10622"},"PeriodicalIF":51.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142403124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Pyrrolysine Systems for Genetic Code Expansion and Reprogramming.","authors":"Daniel L Dunkelmann, Jason W Chin","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00243","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)/tRNA^Pyl pairs. Here we summarize the discovery of the pyrrolysine system and describe the unique properties of PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs that provide a foundation for their transformational role in genetic code expansion and reprogramming. We describe the development of genetic code expansion, from <i>E. coli</i> to all domains of life, using PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs, and the development of systems that biosynthesize and incorporate ncAAs using pyl systems. We review applications that have been uniquely enabled by the development of PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs for incorporating new noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), and strategies for engineering PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs to add noncanonical monomers, beyond α-<i>L</i>-amino acids, to the genetic code of living organisms. We review rapid progress in the discovery and scalable generation of mutually orthogonal PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs that can be directed to incorporate diverse ncAAs in response to diverse codons, and we review strategies for incorporating multiple distinct ncAAs into proteins using mutually orthogonal PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs. Finally, we review recent advances in the encoded cellular synthesis of noncanonical polymers and macrocycles and discuss future developments for PylRS/tRNA^Pyl pairs.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"11008-11062"},"PeriodicalIF":51.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryne Chemistry: Generation Methods and Reactions Incorporating Multiple Arynes","authors":"Nayoung Kim, Myungsoo Choi, Sung-Eun Suh, David M. Chenoweth","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00296","url":null,"abstract":"Arynes hold significance for the efficient fusion of (hetero) arenes with diverse substrates, advancing the construction of complex molecular frameworks. Employing multiple equivalents of arynes is particularly effective in the rapid formation of polycyclic cores found in optoelectronic materials and bioactive compounds. However, the inherent reactivity of arynes often leads to side reactions, yielding unanticipated products and underlining the importance of a detailed investigation into the use of multiple arynes to fine-tune their reactivity. This review centers on methodologies and syntheses in organic reactions involving multiple arynes, categorizing based on mechanisms like cycloadditions, σ-bond insertions, nucleophilic additions, and ene reactions, and discusses aryne polymerization. The categorization based on these mechanisms includes two primary approaches: the first entails multiple aryne engagement within a single step while the second approach involves using a single equivalent of aryne sequentially across multiple steps, with both requiring strict reactivity control to ensure precise aryne participation in each respective step. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the selection of aryne precursors, organized chronologically and by activation strategy, offering a comprehensive background that supports the main theme of multiple aryne utilization. The expectation remains that this comprehensive review will be invaluable in designing advanced syntheses engaging multiple arynes.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}