Chemical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of Copolymers of Epoxides and CO2: Catalysts, Monomers, Architectures, and Applications","authors":"Guan-Wen Yang, Rui Xie, Yao-Yao Zhang, Cheng-Kai Xu, Guang-Peng Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00517","url":null,"abstract":"The copolymerization of CO₂ and epoxides presents a transformative approach to converting greenhouse gases into aliphatic polycarbonates (CO₂-PCs), thereby reducing the polymer industry’s dependence on fossil resources. Over the past 50 years, a wide array of metallic catalysts, both heterogeneous and homogeneous, have been developed to achieve precise control over polymer selectivity, sequence, regio-, and stereoselectivity. This review details the evolution of metal-based catalysts, with a particular focus on the emergence of organoborane catalysts, and explores how these catalysts effectively address kinetic and thermodynamic challenges in CO₂/epoxides copoly₂merization. Advances in the synthesis of CO₂-PCs with varied sequence and chain architectures through diverse polymerization protocols are examined, alongside the applications of functional CO₂-PCs produced by incorporating different epoxides. The review also underscores the contributions of computational techniques to our understanding of copolymerization mechanisms and highlights recent advances in the closed-loop chemical recycling of CO₂-sourced polycarbonates. Finally, the industrialization efforts of CO₂-PCs are discussed, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and future potential of epoxide copolymerization with CO₂.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide (Rutile). Progress Toward Sustainable Energy","authors":"Tadeusz Bak, SA Sherif, David StClair Black, Janusz Nowotny","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00185","url":null,"abstract":"This work, which overviews defect chemistry of TiO₂ (rutile), is focused on atomic-size structural defects that are thermodynamically reversible. Here it is shown that thermodynamics can be used in defect engineering of TiO₂-based energy materials, such as photoelectrodes and photocatalysts. We show that surface segregation of defects leads to the building-up of new surface structures that are responsible for reactivity. Since rational design of surface properties requires <i>in situ</i> surface characterization in operational conditions, expansion of bulk defect chemistry to surface defect chemistry requires a defect-related surface-sensitive tool for <i>in situ</i> monitoring of defect-related properties at elevated temperatures corresponding to defect equilibria and in a controlled gas-phase environment. Here we show that the high-temperature electron probe is a defect-related surface-sensitive tool that is uniquely positioned to aid surface defect engineering and determine unequivocal surface properties. The related applied aspects are considered for photoelectrochemical water splitting and the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. Here we report that trail-blazing studies on <i>in situ</i> surface monitoring of TiO₂ during gas/solid equilibration, along with <i>in situ</i> characterization of surface semiconducting properties, leads to the discovery of a segregation-induced low-dimensional surface structure that is responsible for stable performance of oxide semiconductors, such as TiO₂, in operational conditions.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Nucleotide-Encoded Mass Libraries of Macrocyclic Peptides for Inaccessible Drug Targets","authors":"Kilian Colas, Daniel Bindl, Hiroaki Suga","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00422","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advances and breakthrough developments in the pharmaceutical field are knocking at the door of the “undruggable” fortress with increasing insistence. Notably, the 21st century has seen the emergence of macrocyclic compounds, among which cyclic peptides are of particular interest. This new class of potential drug candidates occupies the vast chemical space between classic small-molecule drugs and larger protein-based therapeutics, such as antibodies. As research advances toward clinical targets that have long been considered inaccessible, macrocyclic peptides are well-suited to tackle these challenges in a post-rule of 5 pharmaceutical landscape. Facilitating their discovery is an arsenal of high-throughput screening methods that exploit massive randomized libraries of genetically encoded compounds. These techniques benefit from the incorporation of non-natural moieties, such as non- proteinogenic amino acids or stabilizing hydrocarbon staples. Exploiting these features for the strategic architectural design of macrocyclic peptides has the potential to tackle challenging targets such as protein–protein interactions, which have long resisted research efforts. This Review summarizes the basic principles and recent developments of the main high-throughput techniques for the discovery of macrocyclic peptides and focuses on their specific deployment for targeting undruggable space. A particular focus is placed on the development of new design guidelines and principles for the cyclization and structural stabilization of cyclic peptides and the resulting success stories achieved against well-known inaccessible drug targets.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophotocatalysis for Organic Synthesis","authors":"Matthew C. Lamb, Keri A. Steiniger, Leslie K. Trigoura, Jason Wu, Gourab Kundu, He Huang, Tristan H. Lambert","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00464","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis have been the focus of extensive research efforts in organic synthesis in recent decades, and these powerful strategies have provided a wealth of new methods to construct complex molecules. Despite these intense efforts, only recently has there been a significant focus on the combined use of these two modalities. Nevertheless, the past five years have witnessed rapidly growing interest in the area of electrophotocatalysis. This hybrid strategy capitalizes on the enormous benefits of using photons as reagents while also employing an electric potential as a convenient and tunable source or sink of electrons. Research on this topic has led to a number of methods for C–H functionalization, reductive cross-coupling, and olefin addition among others. This field has also seen the use of a broad range of catalyst types, including both metal and organocatalysts. Of particular note has been work with open-shell photocatalysts, which tend to have comparatively large redox potentials. Electrochemistry provides a convenient means to generate such species, making electrophotocatalysis particularly amenable to this intriguing class of redox catalyst. This review surveys methods in the area of electrophotocatalysis as applied to organic synthesis, organized broadly into oxidative, reductive, and redox neutral transformations.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherence in Chemistry: Foundations and Frontiers","authors":"Jonathan D. Schultz, Jonathon L. Yuly, Eric A. Arsenault, Kelsey Parker, Sutirtha N. Chowdhury, Reshmi Dani, Sohang Kundu, Hanggai Nuomin, Zhendian Zhang, Jesús Valdiviezo, Peng Zhang, Kaydren Orcutt, Seogjoo J. Jang, Graham R. Fleming, Nancy Makri, Jennifer P. Ogilvie, Michael J. Therien, Michael R. Wasielewski, David N. Beratan","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00643","url":null,"abstract":"Coherence refers to correlations in waves. Because matter has a wave-particle nature, it is unsurprising that coherence has deep connections with the most contemporary issues in chemistry research (e.g., energy harvesting, femtosecond spectroscopy, molecular qubits and more). But what does the word “coherence” really mean in the context of molecules and other quantum systems? We provide a review of key concepts, definitions, and methodologies, surrounding coherence phenomena in chemistry, and we describe how the terms “coherence” and “quantum coherence” refer to many different phenomena in chemistry. Moreover, we show how these notions are related to the concept of an interference pattern. Coherence phenomena are indeed complex, and ambiguous definitions may spawn confusion. By describing the many definitions and contexts for coherence in the molecular sciences, we aim to enhance understanding and communication in this broad and active area of chemistry.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosynthesis and Applications of Protein Lipidation","authors":"Wenlong Ding, Jiayu Gu, Wenyuan Xu, Jing Wu, Yiwen Huang, Shuai Zhang, Shixian Lin","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00419","url":null,"abstract":"Protein lipidation dramatically affects protein structure, localization, and trafficking via remodeling protein–membrane and protein–protein interactions through hydrophobic lipid moieties. Understanding the biosynthesis of lipidated proteins, whether natural ones or mimetics, is crucial for reconstructing, validating, and studying the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of protein lipidation. In this Perspective, we first provide an overview of the natural enzymatic biosynthetic pathways of protein lipidation in mammalian cells, focusing on the enzymatic machineries and their chemical linkages. We then discuss strategies to biosynthesize protein lipidation in mammalian cells by engineering modification machineries and substrates. Additionally, we explore site-specific protein lipidation biosynthesis <i>in vitro</i> via enzyme-mediated ligations and <i>in vivo</i> primarily through genetic code expansion strategies. We also discuss the use of small molecule tools to modulate the process of protein lipidation biosynthesis. Finally, we provide concluding remarks and discuss future directions for the biosynthesis and applications of protein lipidation.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Code Expansion Approaches to Decipher the Ubiquitin Code.","authors":"Vera Wanka, Maximilian Fottner, Marko Cigler, Kathrin Lang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00375","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The covalent attachment of Ub (ubiquitin) to target proteins (ubiquitylation) represents one of the most versatile PTMs (post-translational modifications) in eukaryotic cells. Substrate modifications range from a single Ub moiety being attached to a target protein to complex Ub chains that can also contain Ubls (Ub-like proteins). Ubiquitylation plays pivotal roles in most aspects of eukaryotic biology, and cells dedicate an orchestrated arsenal of enzymes to install, translate, and reverse these modifications. The entirety of this complex system is coined the Ub code. Deciphering the Ub code is challenging due to the difficulty in reconstituting enzymatic machineries and generating defined Ub/Ubl-protein conjugates. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using GCE (genetic code expansion) techniques to study the Ub code. We highlight strategies to site-specifically ubiquitylate target proteins and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their various applications. Additionally, we review the potential of small chemical PTMs targeting Ub/Ubls and present GCE-based approaches to study this additional layer of complexity. Furthermore, we explore methods that rely on GCE to develop tools to probe interactors of the Ub system and offer insights into how future GCE-based tools could help unravel the complexity of the Ub code.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"11544-11584"},"PeriodicalIF":51.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “P-Stereogenic Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis”","authors":"Tsuneo Imamoto","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00658","url":null,"abstract":"The original version of this review article contained a number of mistakes including the overlooking of some important achievements and references. The author wishes to correct the mistakes, and sincerely apologizes to the readers and reference authors for any confusion and inconvenience. The following four P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands, &lt;b&gt;LA1&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt; (1)&lt;sup&gt;−A&lt;/sup&gt; (3) OXPAMP,&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt; (4)&lt;sup&gt;,A&lt;/sup&gt; (5)&lt;sup&gt;,351&lt;/sup&gt; QUIPHOS,&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt; (6)&lt;sup&gt;−A&lt;/sup&gt; (9) and &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-OctBisP*,&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt; (10) should be added in Figure 3. There are errors in the description regarding &lt;b&gt;L26&lt;/b&gt; in Figure 3, and they are corrected as shown below. Owing to these additions and corrections, Figure 3 should be replaced by the figure below. Figure 3. P-Stereogenic phosphorus ligands from 1968 to 2000. The numbers in brackets are the enantiomeric excesses of the products obtained in catalytic asymmetric reactions with the ligands: (a) Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation of functionalized alkenes, mostly α-dehydroamino acid derivatives; (b) Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of 1-phenylethylmagnesium chloride and β-bromostyrene; (c) Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction; (d) Rh-catalyzed hydrosilylation of simple ketones; (e) Kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols by enantioselective acylation; (f) Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of styrenes; (g) Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-dienes; (h) Cu-catalyzed Diels−Alder reaction of 3-acryloyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one with cyclopentadiene. The following two &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-symmetric P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands, BeePHOS&lt;sup&gt;227&lt;/sup&gt; and JDayPhose,&lt;sup&gt;A&lt;/sup&gt; (11) should be added in Figure 5.&lt;img alt=\"\" src=\"/cms/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00658/asset/images/medium/cr4c00658_0015.gif\"/&gt; The corrected Figure 5 is provided below. Figure 5. &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Symmetric P-stereogenic bisphosphorus ligands and analogous polydentate ligands reported from 2001 to 2023. Page 8664, ligand &lt;b&gt;L81&lt;/b&gt; in Figure 6: 2-&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;-PrC&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and 2-&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-BuC&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; are typographical errors for 2-&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;-PrOC&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and 2-&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-BuOC&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, and they are corrected, as shown below.&lt;img alt=\"\" src=\"/cms/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00658/asset/images/medium/cr4c00658_0004.gif\"/&gt; Pages 8669 and 8675, in Tables 1 and 2: The Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of methyl (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)-α-acetylaminocinnamate (MAC) and (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)-α-acetylaminocinnamic acid with the use of &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-Oct-BisP*, BeePHOS, and JDayPhos are added in Table 1. Some typographical errors in Table 1 are also corrected. The results of the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of representative β-dehydroamino acid esters with &lt;b&gt;L44&lt;/b&gt; and JDayPhos are added in Table 2, along with the correction of some typographical errors. The corrected Tables 1 and 2 are provided here. An A preceding a reference number refers to a reference in this Addition and Correction. This author failed ","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merocyanines: Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy in Solutions, Solid State, and Gas Phase","authors":"Andrii V. Kulinich, Alexander A. Ishchenko","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00317","url":null,"abstract":"Merocyanines, owing to their readily tunable electronic structure, are arguably the most versatile functional dyes, with ample opportunities for tailored design via variations of both the donor/acceptor (D/A) end groups and π-conjugated polymethine chain. A plethora of spectral properties, such as strong solvatochromism, high polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities, and sensitizing capacity, motivates extensive studies for their applications in light-converting materials for optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, optical storage, fluorescent probes, etc. Evidently, an understanding of the intrinsic structure–property relationships is a prerequisite for the successful design of functional dyes. For merocyanines, these regularities have been explored for over 70 years, but only in the past three decades have these studies expanded beyond the theory of their color and solvatochromism toward their electronic structure in the ground and excited states. This Review outlines the fundamental principles, essential for comprehension of the variable nature of merocyanines, with the main emphasis on understanding the impact of internal (chemical structure) and external (intermolecular interactions) factors on the electronic symmetry of the D−π–A chromophore. The research on the structure and properties of merocyanines in different media is reviewed in the context of interplay of the three virtual states: nonpolar polyene, ideal polymethine, and zwitterionic polyene.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaching New Heights in Genetic Code Manipulation with High Throughput Screening","authors":"Briana R. Lino, Sean J. Williams, Michelle E. Castor, James A. Van Deventer","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00329","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical and physical properties of proteins are limited by the 20 canonical amino acids. Genetic code manipulation allows for the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) that enhance or alter protein functionality. This review explores advances in the three main strategies for introducing ncAAs into biosynthesized proteins, focusing on the role of high throughput screening in these advancements. The first section discusses engineering aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and tRNAs, emphasizing how novel selection methods improve characteristics including ncAA incorporation efficiency and selectivity. The second section examines high-throughput techniques for improving protein translation machinery, enabling accommodation of alternative genetic codes. This includes opportunities to enhance ncAA incorporation through engineering cellular components unrelated to translation. The final section highlights various discovery platforms for high-throughput screening of ncAA-containing proteins, showcasing innovative binding ligands and enzymes that are challenging to create with only canonical amino acids. These advances have led to promising drug leads and biocatalysts. Overall, the ability to discover unexpected functionalities through high-throughput methods significantly influences ncAA incorporation and its applications. Future innovations in experimental techniques, along with advancements in computational protein design and machine learning, are poised to further elevate this field.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}