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Mapping Local Environments in Single-Atom Catalysts 单原子催化剂中的局部环境映射
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-28 Epub Date: 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00373
Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando, Sharon Mitchell, Javier Pérez-Ramírez
{"title":"Mapping Local Environments in Single-Atom Catalysts","authors":"Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando,&nbsp;Sharon Mitchell,&nbsp;Javier Pérez-Ramírez","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00373","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-atom catalysts(SACs) offer exceptional structural resolutionfor investigating how local environments govern catalytic behaviorand, ultimately, for controlling these effects through catalyst design.Yet, atomic dispersion does not imply a single or fully defined catalyticenvironment. The behavior of atomically dispersed active centers isshaped by a hierarchical local environment comprising persistent andtransient contributions, while also being influenced by an extendedreaction environment that intersects with the local environment incontrolling reactivity and can become integrated into it. Establishingthese boundaries and understanding how these contributions evolveand interact are central challenges in the interpretation and designof SACs. Here, we critically examine how local environments are generatedand controlled, experimentally and theoretically resolved across spatialand temporal scales, transformed from synthesis through operationand deactivation, and linked to catalytic performance through structural,energetic, and electronic descriptors. By integrating aspects thatare often considered separately and highlighting those that remaininsufficiently addressed, we provide a roadmap toward the predictive,environment-driven design of SACs and a deeper understanding of catalyticphenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 20","pages":"11260–11311"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymmetric Dipolar Cycloadditions toward Chiral Medium-Sized Rings under Palladium and Iridium Catalysis 钯和铱催化下手性中等尺寸环的不对称偶极环加成
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-28 Epub Date: 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00441
Yu-Jie Li, Xuerui Wang, Qiang Wang, Wei-Ping Deng, Wen-Jing Xiao, Liang-Qiu Lu
{"title":"Asymmetric Dipolar Cycloadditions toward Chiral Medium-Sized Rings under Palladium and Iridium Catalysis","authors":"Yu-Jie Li,&nbsp;Xuerui Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Deng,&nbsp;Wen-Jing Xiao,&nbsp;Liang-Qiu Lu","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00441","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chiralmedium-sized rings, defined herein as 7- to 11-memberedcyclic frameworks, are common in bioactive molecules and occupy animportant but still underexplored region of drug-like chemical space.Their asymmetric synthesis remains formidably challenging, as conformationalflexibility, transannular interactions, and unfavorable entropic andenthalpic factors collectively complicate ring formation and stereocontrol.In recent years, palladium- and iridium-catalyzed asymmetric dipolarcycloadditions and related cascade processes have emerged as effectivestrategies for building structurally diverse and stereochemicallycomplex medium-sized rings. As such, this review aims to summarizethe advances in this emerging field from the perspectives of metalidentity, precursor class, and dipole-generation mode, with emphasison their effects on chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity.We also highlight the distinct yet complementary features of Pd andIr catalysis, as well as current limitations in generality, selectivity,and substrate scope. By combining mechanistic insight with representativeapplications, this review aims to define the foundations, boundaries,and future opportunities of this rapidly evolving area.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 20","pages":"11413–11459"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free Radical Multiphase Chemistry on Tropospheric Photoreactive Particles 对流层光反应粒子的自由基多相化学。
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00549
Yize Zuo, Zhaoran Zhang, Peng Zhang, Christian George, Biwu Chu, Qingxin Ma, Chuncheng Chen, Shuxiao Wang, Qian Liu, Yujing Mu, Jincai Zhao, Kebin He, Wenqing Liu, Joseph S. Francisco, Hong He
{"title":"Free Radical Multiphase Chemistry on Tropospheric Photoreactive Particles","authors":"Yize Zuo,&nbsp;Zhaoran Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Christian George,&nbsp;Biwu Chu,&nbsp;Qingxin Ma,&nbsp;Chuncheng Chen,&nbsp;Shuxiao Wang,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Yujing Mu,&nbsp;Jincai Zhao,&nbsp;Kebin He,&nbsp;Wenqing Liu,&nbsp;Joseph S. Francisco,&nbsp;Hong He","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00549","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00549","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas-phaseand multiphase reactions of free radicals playpivotalroles in tropospheric chemistry. Recent studies indicate that photoinducedmultiphase reactions serve as a potential source of free radicalsrather than a traditional sink. To accurately evaluate their environmentalimpacts, this Review provides a comprehensive overview of radicalmultiphase chemistry on key photoactive components. By systematicallyreviewing the multiphase generation of photoinduced free radicals,we first provide insights into the underlying multiphase reactionmechanisms and kinetics. Subsequently, the synergistic reactions amongphotoreactive components and the mutual feedback mechanism betweenshort-lived and persistent free radicals are illustrated, therebyrevealing their complex interactions on environmental microinterfaces.Then, the effects of multiphase radical chemistry on primary particleaging and secondary particle formation and growth are described indetail. Finally, we critically examine existing challenges and inaccuraciesin the exploration of radical multiphase chemistry, highlighting theurgent need for the comprehensive quantification of photoinduced surfaceoxidation capacity, along with the scientific evaluation of theirhealth risks and climatic effects. The aim of this work is to identifythe missing source of atmospheric radicals, thereby facilitating theevaluation of their environmental impacts and illuminating futuredirections for particle-emission reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10979–11033"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts Synthesis and Applications in Electrolysis 高负载单原子催化剂的合成及其在电解中的应用
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00352
Junwei Zhang, Shaoyun Hao, Haotian Wang
{"title":"High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts Synthesis and Applications in Electrolysis","authors":"Junwei Zhang,&nbsp;Shaoyun Hao,&nbsp;Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00352","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-loading single-atom catalysts (SACs) have recentlyemergedas a frontier in electrochemical catalysis because of their completeactive-site utilization, tunable coordination environment, and atomicallydefined structure. While it is widely recognized that the single-atomicsite in SACs often presents extraordinary catalytic performance, theirlimited metal content and low active-site density still hinder large-scaleimplementation in practical electrochemical reactors. Overcoming thislimitation requires the development of strategies to achieve highmetal loading while preserving atomic dispersion and stability underoperational conditions. In this Review, we comprehensively summarizerecent advances in the synthesis of high-loading SACs, the state-of-the-artcharacterization techniques used to probe their atomic and electronicstructures, and their applications in advanced electrochemical systems,such as CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzers, fuel cells, and zinc–airbatteries. We critically analyze representative breakthroughs thatbridge the gap between atomic-scale loading control and commercial-levelperformance, elucidating the correlations among metal loading, electronicstructure modulation, and catalytic activity. Then, we offer perspectiveson rational design strategies and emerging opportunities for integratinghigh-loading SACs into next-generation electrocatalytic reactors,with the aim of accelerating their transition from laboratory researchto industrial deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10752–10803"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148894888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) in Coinage Metal Nanoclusters: Bridging Molecular and Nanoscopic Photophysics 热激活延迟荧光(TADF)在铸币金属纳米团簇:桥接分子和纳米光物理
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00297
Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Chengkai Zhang, Brij Mohan, Zhi Wang, Geng-Geng Luo, Chen-Ho Tung, Di Sun
{"title":"Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) in Coinage Metal Nanoclusters: Bridging Molecular and Nanoscopic Photophysics","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Chengkai Zhang,&nbsp;Brij Mohan,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Geng-Geng Luo,&nbsp;Chen-Ho Tung,&nbsp;Di Sun","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00297","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in coinagemetalnanoclusters (CMNCs) has introduced new paradigms in the design ofoptoelectronic materials, uniting atomic precision with tunable quantumand photophysical properties. This review provides a critical andcomprehensive analysis of TADF mechanisms in gold, silver, copper,and doped/alloy nanoclusters, emphasizing quantum confinement, strongspin–orbit coupling, and engineered singlet–tripletenergy gaps that enable efficient reverse intersystem crossing andhigh photoluminescence quantum yields. Recent advances in TADF-activeCMNCs are highlighted, including ligand architecture, core composition,supramolecular assembly, and heterometallic doping, which collectivelyafford unprecedented control over emission color, dynamics, and stability.Comparative perspectives versus organic and metal–organic TADFemitters are presented, underscoring the distinctive advantages andongoing challenges of CMNCs. Current and emerging applications inOLEDs, X-ray scintillation, chiral photonics, and bioimaging are discussed,along with future research directions and critical barriers to therealization of CMNCs in next-generation optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10703–10751"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: Insertion and Folding of Membrane Proteins and Peptides 简介:膜蛋白和多肽的插入和折叠
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00782
Paula J. Booth, Charles R. Sanders
{"title":"Introduction: Insertion and Folding of Membrane Proteins and Peptides","authors":"Paula J. Booth,&nbsp;Charles R. Sanders","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00782","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10659–10661"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metal–Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis 非均相电催化中的金属-载体相互作用
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00356
Ziyang Wu, Fengting Xie, Wenping Sun, Dingsheng Wang, Jianping Yang
{"title":"Metal–Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis","authors":"Ziyang Wu,&nbsp;Fengting Xie,&nbsp;Wenping Sun,&nbsp;Dingsheng Wang,&nbsp;Jianping Yang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical energy conversion underpins the sustainableproductionof fuels and chemicals, with efficiency and selectivity governed byreactions at electrified solid–liquid interfaces. In supportedelectrocatalysts, metal–support interactions (MSIs) shape howcatalytic states form and persist under polarization. Yet a predictivedescription of MSI remains elusive. The as-prepared contact may reconstructunder operating conditions. Activity shifts, morphology, and chargeredistribution do not uniquely identify the current-carrying ensemble.These limitations motivate this review, which separates interfacialstructure, chemical bonding, and collective adhesion before relatingthem to catalytic function. The framework spans single atoms, clusters,nanoparticles, core–shell architectures, and reconstructedinterphases. We assess how atomic-resolution imaging, <em>operando</em> characterization, and potential-aware calculations constrain modelsof the working interface and relate them to electrocatalytic performance.Together, these analyses show that MSI effects depend on the workinginterfacial state and its reaction environment. Predictive designtherefore requires balancing interfacial stabilization with the active-siteaccessibility and structural adaptability needed for turnover.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10804–10945"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computational Platforms for Membrane-Active Peptide Therapeutic Design 膜活性肽治疗设计的计算平台
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00100
Bing Zan, Charles H. Chen, Mehwish Sabha, Ke Wu, Mahnoor Kadri, Oluebube Nwajiaku, Dominique de Jong-Hoogland, Jakob P. Ulmschneider, Martin B. Ulmschneider
{"title":"Computational Platforms for Membrane-Active Peptide Therapeutic Design","authors":"Bing Zan,&nbsp;Charles H. Chen,&nbsp;Mehwish Sabha,&nbsp;Ke Wu,&nbsp;Mahnoor Kadri,&nbsp;Oluebube Nwajiaku,&nbsp;Dominique de Jong-Hoogland,&nbsp;Jakob P. Ulmschneider,&nbsp;Martin B. Ulmschneider","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00100","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peptide-based therapeutics are gaining popularity asnext-generationdrugs because of their potent bioactivity, high specificity, and broadapplications in immunomodulatory, antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobialtherapy. Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) are particularly promising,yet poor solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics, manufacturing complexity,and limited delivery options have restricted their clinical translation.This review focuses on computational approaches developed to addressthese challenges at the peptide-design stage and bridge the gap betweenpreclinical promise and clinical utility. The goal here is to providea broad overview of tools for <em>in silico</em> MAP design,prediction of functional structural ensembles and physicochemicalproperties, structure–function relationships, drug-target interactions,and formulation strategies for <em>in vivo</em> delivery.These approaches span bioinformatics, molecular dynamics and molecularmodeling, and emerging artificial intelligence and machine learningplatforms, including hybrid computational-experimental strategies,chemical modification and conjugation, and nanotechnology-based deliverysystems. These tools are improving key peptide–drug properties,including plasma stability, target specificity, efficacy, and delivery.Continued advances in computational design may enable MAPs to addresschallenging diseases, engage traditionally undruggable targets, andtranslate their substantial therapeutic potential into clinicallyeffective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10662–10702"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging Conversion Chemistry for High-Energy Electrolytic Zinc–Manganese Batteries: Beyond Intercalation 高能电解锌锰电池的新兴转化化学:超越插层
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-10-14 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00438
Zhipeng Shao, Yu Meng, Yucheng Xie, Lei Wei, Yagang Yao, Qichong Zhang
{"title":"Emerging Conversion Chemistry for High-Energy Electrolytic Zinc–Manganese Batteries: Beyond Intercalation","authors":"Zhipeng Shao,&nbsp;Yu Meng,&nbsp;Yucheng Xie,&nbsp;Lei Wei,&nbsp;Yagang Yao,&nbsp;Qichong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aqueous zinc–manganese batteries (ZMBs) representa compellingsolution for grid-scale energy storage due to their low cost, inherentsafety, and ease of manufacturing. However, conventional ion-intercalationZMBs (IZMBs) are often hindered by bottlenecks such as limited energydensity and poor cycling stability. Recently, electrolytic ZMBs (EZMBs),based on the two-electron Mn<sup>2+</sup>/MnO<sub>2</sub> deposition–dissolutionchemistry, have emerged with high operating voltages (∼1.99V) and exceptional theoretical capacities (616 mAh g<sup>–1</sup>), paving a new way for performance breakthroughs in high-energyaqueous batteries. This review provides a deep dive into the mechanisticdivergence between IZMBs and EZMBs, clarifying the core significanceof EZMBs in enhancing energy density, longevity, and cost efficiency.By deconstructing critical challenges across cathode conversion, zincanode interfaces, and electrolyte environments, we synthesize recentbreakthroughs in cathode modification, anode protection, and electrolyteengineering to establish a unified design framework for high-performanceEZMBs. Furthermore, this review identifies emerging opportunitiesand future research directions, aiming to provide systematic theoreticalguidance and design inspiration for the development of next-generation,high-energy-density, and long-life EZMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 19","pages":"10946–10978"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
n-Type Conjugated Polymers: Molecular Design, Material Properties, and Device Applications n型共轭聚合物:分子设计、材料特性和器件应用
IF 64.2 1区 化学
Chemical Reviews Pub Date : 2026-09-23 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00891
Yingze Zhang, Mingjie Rong, Xu Cao, Sihui Deng, Zhongxiang Peng, Jun Liu
{"title":"n-Type Conjugated Polymers: Molecular Design, Material Properties, and Device Applications","authors":"Yingze Zhang,&nbsp;Mingjie Rong,&nbsp;Xu Cao,&nbsp;Sihui Deng,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Peng,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00891","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00891","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both n-type and p-type conjugated polymers play vitalroles inthe advancement and commercialization of polymer electronics. Throughthe tremendous efforts of scientists and engineers in this field overthe past decade, n-type polymer semiconductors have experienced remarkableprogress in nearly every aspect. However, most of the reported high-performancepolymer semiconductors still exhibit p-type characteristics. The performancegap between p-type and n-type polymer semiconductors has become theAchilles’ heel of polymer electronics, hindering the developmentof emerging applications such as logic circuits. Therefore, a timelyand comprehensive overview of recent advances in the molecular design,material properties, and device applications of n-type conjugatedpolymers is essential to facilitate the development of high-performancen-type polymer materials. This review offers a comprehensive overviewof recent advancements in n-type conjugated polymers, focusing ontheir fundamental optoelectronic properties, strategic molecular design,and emerging device applications. It starts by introducing the basicprinciples and historical background and highlighting both the importanceand the challenge of developing effective n-type conjugated polymers.Subsequently, it systematically establishes structure–propertyrelationships by first outlining key characteristics, including energylevel, charge transport property, morphology, and mechanical property,and then correlates them with crucial molecular design strategies.This review also outlines the important applications and providesan overview of the critical progress in emerging optoelectrical devices,including organic solar cells and organic field-effect transistors.Finally, the challenges and promising research directions for n-typeconjugated polymers are presented, which provide valuable guidancefor the design of high-performance n-type polymer semiconductors andthe exploration of more advanced applications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"126 18","pages":"10334–10442"},"PeriodicalIF":64.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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